Random sampling

methods
At the end of the lesson, students will
be able to:
1. discuss the types of random
sampling and
2. distinguish between parameter and
statistic.
SAMPLING METHOD is
concerned with the
selection of a subset of
population that will be
used to estimate the
characteristics of the
entire population.
Researchers find it practical to select
samples because:
✓the cost is lower,
✓the data collection is faster, and
✓the accuracy and quality of data
can be improved easily.
 A sample survey will be conducted to estimate
the value of some characteristics of the population.
The inferences about the population depend on
how the samples are being selected. That is why
the selection or the sampling method that will be
utilized in any research process must be
appropriate. Random sampling is one of the
methods of choosing the samples that will be used
in the sample survey.
RANDOM SAMPLING is
a method wherein each
element of the
population has an equal
chance of being chosen
to represent the
population.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

➢ It is the simplest form of random sampling where each
element or member of the population has an equal
chance of being included in the sample.
➢ The most commonly used is the lottery method.
➢ Using this method is ideal when the population is small.
➢ It is a fair method of selecting the respondents.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
➢ It is also known as the interval sampling.
➢ This method considers an interval in selecting a sample
from a given population.
➢ The interval size (k) is determined using the formula:
𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛
where N is the population and n is the sample size.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Example:
There are 1,000 students in the population and we
need to consider a sample size of 250. Find the interval (k).
𝑁 1,000
𝑘= = =4
𝑛 250
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ It divides a population into different homogenous
subgroups called strata.
➢ Random samples will be selected from each stratum so
that the population will be well represented.
➢ We use this when we consider subgroups like grade level
of students, gender, and age, among others.
➢ There are two types of stratified sampling – simple
stratified sampling and proportional stratified sampling.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ SIMPLE STRATIFED SAMPLING
It is used when the population is divided into strata
with common characteristic/s and if we decide to get an
equal number of samples from each stratum.
Example:
Out of 1,000 students in a certain university, use the
simple stratified sampling method to get a sample size of
200.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ SIMPLE STRATIFED SAMPLING
Solution:
Enrollees Sample Size
Grade Level
(N=1,000) (n=200)
Grade 7 350 50
Grade 8 250 50
Grade 9 225 50
Grade 10 175 50
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ PROPORTIONAL STRATIFED SAMPLING
In this method, the sample size is proportional to the
number of the members of the stratum.
Example:
Out of 1,000 students in a certain university, use the
proportional stratified sampling method to get a sample size
of 200.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ PROPORTIONAL STRATIFED SAMPLING
Solution:
Enrollees Sample Size
Grade Level Proportion
(N=1,000) (n=200)
Grade 7 350 35% 70
Grade 8 250 25% 50
Grade 9 225 22.5% 45
Grade 10 175 17.5% 35
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
CLUSTER SAMPLING
➢ It is also called area sampling because it is usually used
on a geographical basis.
➢ It requires a complete list of clusters that represent the
sampling frame.
➢ Choose a few clusters randomly as a source of primary
data and the data that can be collected from each cluster
to represent the characteristics of the whole population.
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Example:
 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING

MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING
➢ It involves two or more stages in selecting the samples
from a given population.
➢ It also reduces the sample preparation cost because it
may require only the last stage of choosing the samples,
but the accuracy is lower because of the sampling error.
NOTE: The sampling method used in selecting
the sample data strongly affects the quality of
the sample with regards to its
representativeness and accuracy.
 The actual percentages of all the participants
represent the POPULATION PARAMETER, while
the estimate of those percentages based from
the sample is known as the SAMPLE STATISTIC.
Parameter Statistic
Population mean (𝜇) Sample mean (𝑥)
Population standard deviation (𝜎) Sample standard deviation (𝑠)
Population variance (𝜎 2 ) Sample variance (𝑠 2 )
Population proportion (𝑃) Sample proportion (𝑝)