Day 3 Notes：

1. Establishing a Single Switched Network

(1) Forwarding behavior : flooding, forwarding, discarding.

(2) Working mechanism

Learning: S.MAC and the corresponding interface
Forwarding: rely on MAC address table, the switch will send out the frame by checking the
D.MAC of the frame.

(3) MAC Address Table

2. Spanning Tree Protocol

(1) Why we use STP?
We use Spanning Tree Protocol to prevent loops between switches.
(To prevent the connection failure in our network, we will use redundant links. But redundant
links may cause loops between switches. And loops will cause broadcast storm, MAC instability.)

(2) Working mechanism

Some concepts:
Bridge ID=Priority+ MAC address,
first we choose Root bridge and there is only one Root Bridge in the network.

Port Roles: (1) Designated Port, we choose DP in every link

(2) Root Port, we choose RP in each Non-Root bridge
 (3) Some timer
Interval: 2 seconds
(Switch will send out BPDU to its neighboring routers in every 2 seconds.)

Message age: when the BPDU go through one switch, it will plus one
Max age: this is the maximum number of message.

3. Experiments about STP and VLAN

STP :