Himu Academy GUFTGPES GTA HASTA PICA TT ENTS AAAS CT! wr Pep Star GORA SPA VINTON TTS httos://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp/ Join our Group- Himu Academy Communication Lecture Regards Rana Nirob Founder & CEO Himu Academy Website-www.himuacademy.com Amplitude Modulation a Scanned with CamScannerite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademyl17, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob . A sinusoidal carrier voltage of frequency 1 MHZ and amplitudes 100 volts Amplitude modulated by sinusoidal voltage of frequency 5 producing 50% modulation. Calculate the frequency and amplitude ind_upper sideband terms. Solution: Given that, Carrier frequency f,=1 MHZ = 1000 kHz Frequency of signal f,=5 kHz Modulation factor m=50%=0.5 Amplitude carrier E.=1000 vol +-The lower sideband of frequenci 000-5) = 995 kHz f, = (1000+5) =1005 kHz mE, _0.5x100 _50 eee ‘i 5 =25 volt uency 10 MHz and peak value 10V is amplitude iz sine wave of amplitude 6 v. Determine (a) Modulation frequencies (c) Amplitude of sideband components. Draw Solution: Given that, Carrier Amplitude E,=10V Signal Amplitude £,=6V Carrier frequency f,=10 MHZ, So, Signal Frequeney f,=5 kHz = 0.005 MHz 41 | Himu Academy by Rana NirobWebsite: www-himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-535677 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob (a) We know that , Modulation factor m= (b) Sideband frequencies «The upper sideband of frequency=f,+f,=10+0.005=10. «The lower sideband of frequencies =f,-f,=10-0.00: mEe_0.6x10_ (c) Amplitude of each sideband—"2 °° 3. An AM wave is represented by expression, 280t) sin 211x 104 volts. Determine (a) what are the minimu mum amplitude of the AM wave? (b)What frequency components ained in the modulated wave and what is the amplitude at each compoi Solution: The equation is given by, V=5(1+0.6 cos62801) Sin 211x 104t .......... (I) The standard AM wave equation V= E,(1+m coswt) sinwet........ (ii) From equation (i) Ws 6280 Qn On 1 kHz _We_211%10¢ Carrier fret re EEI=336 kHz. (a)Minimum amplitude of AM wave is=E,-mE,=5-0.6x 5=2V. Max. Amplitude of AM wave is=B,+mE,=5+0.6x 5=8V (c)The AM wave will contain three frequencies «The upper sideband of frequency=f,+,-336+1 = 337 kHz, 2 | Himu Academy by Rana NirobWebsite: www-himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www-facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob «The lower sideband of frequencies =f,-f,= 336-1 = 335 kHz Carrier frequeney f,~336 kHz MEe_0.6%5 + Amplitude of each sideband =>*-— =| .Svolt. Same is 1.5V, Carrier amplitude E,=5V . A carrier wave of 500watts is subjected to 100% ampli (a) Power in sidebands (b) Power of Modulated war Solution: Given that, re Carrier power P.=S0OW Modulation factor m=100%=1 Sidebands power P=? We know that, 1 (a)Sidebands power 2 x500= 250 Watt. and and 125 is lower sideband fed wave P= P.+P,= (500+250) W=750W. 3 | Himu Academy by Rana NirobWebsite: www-himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob . A 50 kW carrier is to be modulated to a level of (a) 80% (b) 10%. What is the total sideband power in each case? Solution: Given that, Carrier power P.=S0kW. Modulation factor m=80%-0.8 Sidebands power P,=? We know that, (a)Sidebands power P,=3m’ (b) For 10%, Similarly, P,=0.2 . The turn circuit of the oscillato ple AM transmission uses a coil of 40 nH and capacitor of value 1 nF. the oscillator output is modulated by audio frequency up to 5 e frequency range occupied by the sidebands? Transmission Coil L=40 »H=40x 10~°H Capacitor C= InF=1 x 10-°F 4 | Himu Academy by Rana NirobWebsite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www-facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-535677 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test We know that, = ViC 5g V40 x: 10-6 x 1x 10-9 =—_ x 10° oizsae *? =7.96x 10° HZ = 796 kHz Rana Nirob . The rms value of a carrier voltage is 100volts Compute its 40% ( a) en it has % (b) Solution: Given that, Carrier Voltage Vearr=100Volt Modulation factor mg, =20% Modulation factor ma,—40%-0. RMS value=? We know that, from(i) weare, (@ VemsVearr. 5 | Himu Academy by Rana Nirobite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob = 100 2204 - 2 = 100 [224 7 2 = 100 x 1.009950 +. Yims = 100.99 ~101 volt.Ans (b) Similarly, Vjus=103.9 Volt. . The rms value of a radio frequency a volt Its .After amplitude modulation by a sinusoidal audio voltage ge the RF voltage become 88 volts. Calculate the modulation in Solution: Given that, Rms value of voltage =8! Itage, Carrier voltage= Yens_y fy 4 My Vearr 2 ma = [2 cael 2 @)?-1 = y21- 2-1) =/2x [121-1] -(@42-1) 0.6481 ans. 6 | Himu Academy by Rana Nirobite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademyl17, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob . The rms value of a carrier voltage after amplitude modulation to a depth of 40% by a sinusoidal modulating voltage is 55 volts. Calculate the rms value of carrier voltage when amplitude modulated to a depth of 80% Solution: Given that, Modulation factor ma, Modulation factor ma, R.M.S value=55 Volts We know that, Vrms_ ma? Se) Vearr Vems ee yur 7 | Himu Academy by Rana Nirobite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp. Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/himuacademyl7, Cell: 01722-53567 Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob Vems=52.93 [1+ ae [axons = 52.93 7a = 92.93 2 2 = 52.93x VI32 2.93 1.1489 =60,82 volt 10. A broadcast transmitter radiates 4.72 kW wl ulation percentage is60.Calculate the total power when the mod n reduced to 40%, Solution: Given that, Modulation factor Carrier Power 8 | Himu Academy by Rana NirobWebsite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https:/ivww.facehook.com/himuacademy1 7, Cell: 01722-53567 DIGEST, EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Sc Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE dob Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob 01. A modulated carrier wave has maximum and minimum amplitude of 750mVand 250mV. Determine the value of percentage modulation, Solution: Given that, Max. Amplitude E(max) =750mV Minimum Amplitude E,(min)=250mV We know that, 5 _Fegmax)Be(minimum)_750-250_ 00_ “éPercentage Modulation sectminimum) 7504250" 1000 0.5=50% 02.4 10 MHz sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude 10mV is modulated by a 5 kHz sinusoidal audio signal wave of amplitude 6mY. Determine the frequency components of the result modulated wave and their amplitude Solution: Given that, Original frequency Carrier wave f.=10MHz Modulated frequency Carrier wave fi,=5 kHz = 0.005 MHz So, the USB of frequency= (fe + fn)=10+0.005=10.005 MHz And the LSB of frequency= (fe — fn) =10-0.005=9.995 MHz <-0.6 where, =10 and B=6 10 x10_ So, the amplitude of the USF and LSF is 3mV Scanned with CamScanner: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp ttps://vww.facehook.com/himuacademv17, Cell: 01722-53567 DIGEST, EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Se Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirab 03, An audio signal given by 15sin27(2000)t is amplitude modulated with a sinusoidal carrier wave is 60sin 27(100000)¢. Find the (a) Modulation index, (b) Percentage Modulation, (c) Frequency of signal and carrier, (d) Frequency spectrum of the modulated carrier wave Solution: Given that, A=60, B=15, fn=2000 Hz = 2 kHz, f-=100000 Hz = 100 kHz (@Modulation Index=2=0.25 (b) Percentage of modulation=0.25%100=25% (©) LSB of frequency= f--fy= (100-2) =98 kHz USB of frequency= fe fin= (100+2) =102kHz 04.4 BW of IS5MHz is available for amplitude modulation transmission of the maximum audio signal frequency used for modulating. The Carrier signal is not to exceed 15 kHz. How many radio stations on broadcast within this band simultaneously without interfering with each other. Solution: Given that, Frequency fn (maximum)=15 kHz BW required for a station=2 fn maximum)=2* 15 kHz = 30 kHz Hence the number broadcasting stations which can broadcast within this frequency band without interfering with each other. So, 15MiHz_15x10%H2 SoKHz 30KH2 500 Scanned with CamScannerWebsite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https:/ivww.facehook.com/himuacademy17, Cell: 01722-53567 DIGEST, EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Se Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE dob Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob 05.In a broadcasting studio a 1000 kHz carrier wave is modulated by an audio signal of frequency range (100-5000)Hz. Determine (a) Width of frequency range of side bands, (b) Maximum and Minimum frequencies of USB and LSB (©) Bandwidth of channel. Solution: Given that, For frequency range, Maximum frequency fy, (max)=5000 Hz = 5 kHz Minimum frequency fy, (min)=100 Hz = 0.1 kHz (a) Width of side band={ /ya¢max)-fintmin)]= [5000-1 00]2=4900 Hz.=4.9 kHz, (b) For USB Maximum frequeney of USB = (1000+5) kEiz =1005 kHz Minimum frequency of USB = (1000+0.1) kHz =1000.1 kHz And also for LSB, Maximum frequency of LSB = (1000-01) kHz =999.9 kHz Minimum frequency of LSB = (1000-5) kHz =995 kHz (©) Channel BW= (1005-995) kHz=10k Hz. Or, another process, BW required of channel= 2X fin(maximum)=2*5=10 kHz Scanned with CamScannerWebsite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https:/vww.facehook.com/himuacademy1 7, Cell: 01722-53567 DIGEST, EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Sc Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE dob Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob 06.The turned circuit of oscillator in an Am transmitter uses a 404H coil and a InF capacitor. If the carrier wave produced by the oscillator is modulated by audio frequency upto 10 kHz. Find the frequency band occurred by the side bandwidth. Solution: Given that, Coil L=40uF=40 x 107° Capacitance C=InF=1 x 10-° Frequency fn(max=10 kHz [Note: Because, up to 10 kHz, that means (0-10 KHz)] We know that ph 6 The resonant frequency is fe = So, the max, Frequency of USB= (fe + fin) =796-10 = 806 KHz And minimum frequency of USB= (fz — fm)=796-10 = 786 kHz So, required the BW =(806-786) kHz=20 kHz 07. The total content of AM wave is 1500w for a 100% modulation. Determine (a) Power transmitted by carrier (b) Power transi ied by each side Solution: Given that, P,= 1500W, Modulation index=100%=1, P.=? We know that, zl Pe =1500%0,667=1000W (AP. = Pel Rq)=1500%( (©) Puse = Pise == x P= x 1000-250 W Scanned with CamScanner: com Facebook Group: https:/ivww faeebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https:/vww faechook.com/himuacademyl 7, Cell: 01722-535677 EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Sc Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob 08.The total power of an AM wave is 2.64 kW at a modulation of 80%. Determine the power content of carrier and each side band.(Practice Problem) Solution 09.A transmitted used for radio telephone has an unmodulated carrier power of 10 kW and can be modulated to a maximum of 80% by a single frequency audio signal before over loading. Determine the valucof which carrier power can be increased if a 50% Modulation index is imposed. Solution: Given that, Carrier power P. Modulation index=80%=0.8 We know, B= AGP) But, when modulation index is 50% than P, is still 13.2kW.so, the new value of carrier power is 2 an given byPy = Pe(—E5)-13.2«( We observed that, P. can be increased from 10 kW to 11.73with a total power limit of 13.2 kW when m=50% or 0.5 Scanned with CamScannerWebsite: www.himuacademy.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/himusp Facebook Page: https://vww.facehook.com/himuacademv17, Cell; 01722-53567 DIGEST, EEE Job Preparation, BCS Technical, M.Sc Admission (Communications) Himu Academy, EEE Job Preparation & M.Sc Admission Test Rana Nirob 10. What is the modulation index of an FM carrier having a carrier swing 100 kHz a modulating signal of 5 kHz? Solution: We know that, Carrier Swing is C,=20f jpe£e— 200 kttz = 50 kHz 2 4 katz 4 Modulation Index= —"/——52 4g ‘m(max) 5 kHz 11. An FM transmission has a frequency derivation of 18.75 kHz. Calculate the percent modulation if it is to broadcast (a) in the 88 MHz-108 MHz band (b) As same portion a TV broadcast. Sol For transmission band, A finax=75 kHz Actual Afacruat=18.75 kHz Afgerual_18.75, So, modulation index m= sel = 100=25% When sound portion on TV broadcast than Afinax=25 kHz pee ++ Modulation index =m="stsl=* %100=75% 12.An FM signal has a resting frequency of 105 MHz and highest frequency of 105.03 MHz when modulated by a signal of frequency 5 kHz. Determine (a) frequency deviation, (b) Carrier Swing, (c) Modulation Index, (d) Percent Modulation, (e) Lowest frequency of the FM wave. Scanned with CamScanner® ] auston: Signal Am SinJunt and casniet is Ae sin (anie*?) Find the pso, AM signal and draw the vpn and WUwer Sideband fraquncy Speetwum BPDP-2041- Sal" Fralty equation, ant [eos Crfet +-dmmt) - Cos (rfet 43+ 5er] AmAe Pf “oe = on te+0- Sm we anfeto-t dnt ee 1, aoe oD wee Figures Frequency Spectrum Scanned with CamScanneroF Question! NWPacL- 2015! Draw the spectrum of XL) ay the system below [Amity ltastiet__(Q) [Lor } [pe mace] — 0/p t toswet ‘a a : arose Now ance “ Tad m (4) Costuct x toswet HELA +m] [At Gs2nct] [Ta at ’may] [it Ws2ve9 Ap At Af b Cosruct + Vomet) + A/a tt) loge t " = IAhkt If ™ (4) = Ay m4) Scanned with CamScanner5 3 @ Qustion s “pope 2044 The Spectnum of a madokting signal W Shown in figuer- Draw tr spectnum of psg-se, SSBte and Vee modulated signals fun this modulati"g] Signal ansumingy @ canton signal of ¢@ (4) = pc cosnatet- Fig) $SB-c CLSB) —We-W “We 5 tie { W Figs Vse eo ——— Scanned with CamScannerfey GtceAt shared a group. see * @ Admin + 14 Apr at 15:14- @ #Honrerarrgferara!!! aterata APU fro atept fBcetrat 8 Rant acsrreing eet fafa Bra-araicrs Himu Academy pc Invite fra Gag ACA WAI AICS ARWot Pea | Himu Academy HAA SHAAN ACT UWB SPUSATANS GT afors Saftarfis 43 Wo Gl) M.Sc Admission Test (EEE, CSE, ICT, ECE, ETE, ME, Civil, Physics, Math) 44 Gayl... See more rm Biel fulsisli SC = Baise §=614 444 MEMBERS = Himu Academy i Scanned with CamScannera a 4 HIMU ACADEMY Online Class & EEE,CSE,&Non Dept “Bret a aeae OF BRPTICA AIT afcH ATE WTS Conta SPAS” Facebook Group:- Himu Academy Scanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner