6/15/2020 Human Ecology

Sociology assignment
Department: Mechanical Engineering
UCE&T, BZU Multan

2018-ME-19
MUDASAR SULTAN MEHMOOD
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Human Ecology

Human ecology is the man’s collective interaction with his

environment,
Human ecology examines the way in which human population resource
relationship affect the adoption of human populations to desert, arctic, and other
types of ecosystems.
Thus ecology in the social sciences is the study of the ways in which the social
structure adapts to the quality of natural resources and to the existence of other
human groups.
Human Ecology views the biological environment demographic and technical
conditions of the life of any people as an interrelated series of determinants of form
and functions in human culture and social systems.
 Ecological Consequences
Humans have direct effects on species that alters aspects of their population
structure from age distribution to overall abundance. Humans can indirectly
modify species’ population dynamics by increasing their evolution.
Scientists are most concerned about the effects of chemicals and other pollutants
on communities. Short term effects are easily measured than long term effects on
social communities.
1. Effect of spraying with an insecticide for agricultural purposes when bees
and other beneficial insects may be present and vulnerable to the toxicant.
This is both ecologically and economically unsound, since it would deprive
all plants in the area of pollinators. In this way human can face shortage of
food.
2. As population of human is increasing day by day. More population needs
more land and homes to live and more food and other facilities. It causes
shortage of facilities and destroys ecosystem by cultivating forests.
3.
 Ecological Effect on Human
Environment will always be a part of
human identity and it will always affect them in some shape or form.it
will lead people to be ardent towards their rituals in their lives.
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Rituals are a type of solution for people and will always be a strong
impact on them and the people around them either in a positive or
negative way.
1. Humans have a strong need for safety and security and look for those
attributions in their environment. We also look for physical comfort such
as an environment with right temperature.
2. The environment can facilitate or discourage interactions among people.
For example, an inviting space with comfortable chairs and privacy can
encourage a family to stay and visit with a patient.
3. The environment can influence peoples’ behavior and motivation to act.
For example, a dingy corridor filled with extra hospital equipment will
invite staff to leave another item in the hall, where as clean corridor will
encourage staff to take the time to put item away.
4. The environment can influence mood. For example, the result of several
research studies reveal that rooms with bright light, both natural and
artificial, can improve health outcomes such as depression, agitation, and
sleep.
5. Humans can be happy or anxious. For example, mostly in temperate
season people remain happy because of spring season but people remain
angry in very hot or cold weather.
 Human Impact on Ecology
Humans have direct and indirect impacts n ecology.
 Direct impacts
1. Land use changes causes deforestation and degradation
2. Construction and excavation
Like human activity, construction of dams, increased urbanization, water
temperature etc.
3. Agricultural practices
Use of pesticides and insecticides
4. Nuclear program
Nuclear weapons emit large amount of thermal radiations as visible,
infrared, and ultraviolet light causes anthropogenic changes. Chiefs
hazards are burns and eyes injuries.
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 Indirect impacts

1. Ozone Depletion
Ozone is the shield in the upper atmosphere that protects us from
ultraviolet radiations. Chlorofluorocarbons are a class of chemicals
involved in ozone destruction.

Depletion harms living organisms. Exposure to UV is linked to

disorders in humans, including cataracts, skin cancer and weakened
immune system. Effects on crops.

2. Acid Rain
Acid rain is a popular term referring to the deposition of the wet (rain,
snow, fog, dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gasses) acidic components.
Cause of acidic rain is Sulphur and nitrogen compounds from human
resources, such as electricity generations, factories, and motor vehicles.
Lakes, needless and leaves of trees, buildings, forests, animals are severely
suffered by acid rain.