Numbers-2

WORKSHOP-3
In this workshop: Numbers-2

1. You will build on your Conceptual Clarity and Application skills for the following
topics:
Properties of Numbers, Number behaviour, Number puzzles, Logarithms,
Recurrence relations.

2. You will solve questions based on the CAT papers of previous years.

3. You will assess your preparedness for the CAT on various parameters.

Structure of this workshop:

65 min
11
65 min 12

Important:
You will observe boxes against each of the questions in the CATch up and CAT Files sections.
After a question has been solved and discussed in the class, immediately enter your response
as R/S/T/U/V/W in the adjacent boxes based on the following flow chart:

WORKSHOP

Note that at the end of the workshop your responses will be used in CATmeter: a
SELF ASSESSMENT FORM to help you assess your CAT preparedness.
IMS-41-CT-O-B-W3 1
 Numbers-2

CATalyst-A

In this section:
l You will tune into the world of numbers with an interesting puzzle.

Instructions for this section:

l Solve the given puzzle taking not more than 3 minutes.
l After 3 minutes, participate in the class discussion to evaluate your approach and answer.

Dada bought a cat. He wanted his family members to guess what color it was.

Appa said, “I guess it is not white”.

Bhaiya said, “It is either black, or brown”.
Chacha said “I know it is black”.

Dada said, “At least one of you is right and at least one of you is wrong.”

Q. What is the color of Dada’s cat if the color is one of the above?
WORKSHOP

2 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

CATalog
In this section:
l You will find a list of concepts/formulae that you may need to solve questions in this workshop.
l REMEMBER: The lesser you need to refer this section the better it is!!

Properties o f numbers Factors and Multiples

1] For any positive integer n: 1] Factorization:

the product of any ‘n’ consecutive positive in- Any natural number N can be expressed as a m
tegers is divisible by n!. × b n × cp × .... where a, b, c, ... are all prime numbers.
Hence, n(n 2 – 1) is divisible by 6. e.g. 72 = 2 3 × 3 2
The number of divisors of N is equal t o
2] For a prime number ‘p’ and whole number ‘a’, (m + 1) × (n + 1) × (p + 1) × ....
a p – a is divisible by p. The sum of divisors of N is

3] Square of a number can neither end with an a m +1 - 1 b n +1 - 1 cp +1 - 1

. . .....
odd number of zeroes nor with 2, 3, 7 or 8. a -1 b -1 c-1
2] Relatively Prime Numbers: Two positive inte-
4] Product of two even numbers is even
gers are said to be relatively prime to each other
Product of two odd numbers is odd
if their highest common factor is 1, i.e., they
Product of odd and even numbers is even
do not have any prime factor in common.

Laws of Indices Ra tios and percentag es

1] a m × a n = a m + n a c
1] If = then
2] am × an × ap × ..... = a m + n + p + ... b b
a ±b c±d a +b c+d
3] (a ) = a
m n mn (i)
b
=
d
(ii)
a -b
=
c-d
4] a m ¸ a n = a m – n a c e
2] If = = = ...
p
b d f
q q a a + c + e + ...
5] a = a p where a and p are real numbers and then (i) =
b b + d + f + ...
q ¹ 0 . 1
a æ a n + c n + e n + ... ö n
1 (ii) = çç n n n
÷
÷
b è b + d + f + ... ø
6] an = n
a
1
a æ pa n + qc n + ren + ... ö n
1 (iii) = çç n n n
÷
÷
7] a –n = b è pb + qd + rf + ... ø
an
8] a 0 = 1 (where a ¹ 0) 3] If A µ B and B µ C then A µ C
(A = kB, B = mC Þ A = (km)C)
m
æaö am 4] If A µ C and B µ C, then A + B µ C
9] (a × b) m = a m × b m and ç ÷ =
èbø bm
and AB µ C
10 ] If a m = a n and a ¹ –1, 0, 1 then m = n. (A = kC; B = mC Þ A + B = (k + m)C)
WORKSHOP

11 ] If a m = b m and m ¹ 0 then 5] If a number is increased by x%, multiply the

i. a = +b for m even 100 + x
number by . If a number is decreased
100
ii. a = b for m odd
100 - x
by x%, multiply the number by
100
increase/d ecrease
6] % increase/decrease in a no. = original number
× 10 0

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 3
 Numbers-2

Conventio ns fo r representatio n Log arithms

1] Any prime number greater than 3 is of the form If a n = b, then log b = n
a
6k + 1.
2] Square of an even number is of the form 4k Conventionally, log b represents log 10b
and that of an odd number is of the form 4k 1] log b 1 = 0
+ 1.
3] Square of any natural number is of the form 2] log a a = 1
3k or 3k + 1.
(Note: The converse of the above statements is not 1
3] log a b = OR log a b ´ log b a = 1
true.) log b a
4] 3 consecutive numbers can be written as n, n
+ 1, n + 2 OR n – 1, n, n + 1 as per convenience.
4] log b (m ´ n) = log b m + log b n
5] 3 consecutive odd/even numbers can be written
as n, n + 2, n + 4 OR n – 2, n, n + 2 as æmö
per convenience. 5] log b ç ÷ = log b m - log b n
6] 4 consecutive odd/even numbers can be written ènø
as n, n + 2, n + 4, n + 6 OR n – 3, n – 1, 6] log b (m) n = n log b (m )
n + 1, n + 3 as per convenience.
7] Any 2-digit number can be represented as 10x log a m
7] log b m = = log a m ´ log b a
+ y (where ‘x’ is the ten’s place digit and ‘y’ log a b
is the unit’s place digit) a
8] Any 3 -d igit nu mber can be rep resented as 8] log b b ( a a ) = log b a
b
100x + 10y + z (where ‘x’ is the hundred’s place
digit, ‘y’ is the ten’s place digit and ‘z’ is the 9] log x a = log x b if and only if a = b
unit’s place digit)
10 ] log y x > 0 if both x, y > 1 or both x, y < 1
< 0 if x < 1 < y or y < 1 < x
B a se system Sequence, Series & Progressio n

The ‘Decimal Number System’ or the ‘Base 10 system’

1] For an Arithmetic Progression
uses the 10 digits from 0 to 9 to represent any number.
a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d
Similarly, the ‘Binary System’ or the ‘Base 2 system’ n n
uses 0 and 1 while the ‘Octal System’ or the ‘Base Sn = [2a 1 + (n – 1)d] = (a + a n )
2 2 1
8 system’ uses digits from 0 to 7.
(a 1 is the first term, d is the common difference)
Conventionally, (..XYZ) n is the representation of a
number in Base ‘n’ notation. (where X,Y,Z are the 2] If x, y and z are in A.P. then, y – x = z –
last 3 digits of the number) y and y is the Arithmetic Mean of x and z.
and (..XYZ) n = ... + X ´ (n) 2 + Y ´ (n) 1 + Z ´ (n) 0
3] For a Geometric Progression
For eg. (9276) 10 = 9(10) 3 + 2(10) 2 + 7(10) 1 + 6(10) 0
a n = a 1r n-1
(10110) 2 = 1(2) 4 + 0(2) 3 + 1(2) 2 + 1(2) 1 + 0(2) 0 é1 - r n ù
= 16 + 4 + 2 = (22) 10 Sn = a 1 ê ú
ë1 - r û
(712)8 = 7(8)2 + 1(8)1 + 2(8)0 = 448 + 8 + 2
a1
= (458) 10 S¥ = if |r| < 1
1-r
Conversion from Decimal to any base ‘X’ number (a 1 is the first term, r is the common ratio)
system:
e.g. Convert (21) 10 into binary system and 4] If x, y and z are in G.P. then, xz = y2 and
y is the Geometric Mean of x and z.
WORKSHOP

convert (1 34) 10 in to octal system

5] For the first ‘n’ natural numbers

n (n + 1)
® Their sum =
2
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
® Sum of their squares =
6
2
\ (21) 10 = (10101) 2 \ (134) 10 = (206) 8 é n(n + 1) ù
® Sum of their cubes = ê ú
ë 2 û

4 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

CATch up
In this section:
l You will start off with easy questions and gradually move to tougher ones, eventually getting
ready to take on the CAT files

Instructions for this section:

l Solve the given set of questions taking not more than 15 minutes.
l If you need help with concepts, refer the CATalog on page 3-4. The lesser you need to
refer the CATalog the better prepared you are.
l After 15 minutes, participate in the class discussion to evaluate your approach and answers
to each of the questions.
l REMEMBER to enter your responses in the CATmeter boxes (refer Page 1 for instructions)

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 5: State TRUE or FALSE

1. Any composite number can be written as a product of distinct

primes.

2. If A’s income is x% more than B’s income and B’s income is

y% less than A’s income, then x is less than y.

3. Any prime number greater than 2 can be written as the

difference between the squares of two consecutive integers.

4. 37 when written in base 7 notation will end in a 1.

WORKSHOP

5. The value of x log x n

(x > 0) depends on the value of x.

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 5
 Numbers-2
DIRECTIONS for questions 6 to 10: Complete the following If…then
statements.

6. If 5n is twice the square of a natural number, then

1] n is divisible by 4. 2] n is divisible by 25.
3] n is divisible by 10. 4] n is divisible by 20.
7. If n is a composite odd number less than 110 and n is relatively
prime to 63, then
1] n is divisible by 5. 2] n is divisible by 5 or 7.
3] n is divisible by 5 or 7 or 11. 4] n is divisible by 55.
8. If n2 – 1 is divisible by 12, then
1] n is of the form 3k + 1. 2] n is of the form 6k + 1.
3] n is of the form 13k. 4] n is of the form 4k + 1.
9. If 7 m × 8 n = 14 s where m, n and s are natural numbers, then
1] m = 2s 2] n = s 3] m = 3n 4] n3 = s

10. n is a 2 digit number. If (n + 1) has an odd number of factors then

which of the following is true of n?
1] n is odd
2] n has two factors which differ by 2
3] n is the square of a prime number
4] n2 + 2n + 1 has an even number of factors

DIRECTIONS for questions 11 to 15: Find the number of 2 digit numbers(n)

such that:

11. ‘n’ has both digits less than or equal to 6.

12. ‘n’ is a factor of 999.

13. ‘n’ leaves 2, 3, 4 as remainders when divided by 3, 4, 5

respectively.

14. ‘n’ has exactly 12 factors

WORKSHOP

é 13 ù
15. ên ú = 4, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than
ë û

or equal to x.

6 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

CAT Files - I
In this section:
l You will solve sets of questions, each set comprising variations of a single construct, thereby
helping you develop a thorough understanding of concepts.
l Relevant CAT questions follow each set to help you assess your learning in the workshop.

Instructions for each set of questions:

l For each question in the set:
o Try to solve it yourself in the least possible time.
o If you need help with concepts, refer the CATalog on page 3-4. The lesser you need
to refer the CATalog, the better prepared you are.
o Participate in the class discussion to evaluate your approach and answer.
o REMEMBER to enter your response in the CATmeter box (refer Page 1 for instructions).
l For the CAT question/s at the end of the set:
o AFTER the workshop, solve each question yourself taking not more than 3 minutes.
o Refer the explanatory answers provided on Page 21 to Page 24 to evaluate yourself.

SET 1

1.1 Find the number of 3 digit numbers having:

a. All 3 digits odd.

b. The ten’s place digit less than the unit’s place digit.

c. The ten’s place digit less than both the hundred’s place

and unit’s place digit.

1.2 Find the number of 3 digit numbers having:

a. Sum of digits = 4.

b. Product of digits = 4.
WORKSHOP

c. Product of digits = 24.

d. Sum of digits = product of digits.

e. Sum of ten’s place digit and thrice the unit’s place digit
= 20.
f. Sum of some digit and thrice some other digit = 20 &
lyingbetween 400 and 500.

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 7
 Numbers-2

1.3 Find the number of 3 digit numbers that are:

a. Divisible by 3.

b. Divisible by 3 but not by 5.

c. Divisible by 3 and have sum of digits divisible by 7.

d. Divisible by 3 and end with exactly 3 zeroes when written

in base 3 notation.
e. Divisible by 3 and end with a 1 when written in base 5
notation.

C1. How many even integers n, where 100 < n < 200, are divisible neither by seven
nor by nine?
1] 40 2] 37 3] 39 4] 38
– CAT 2003 (November)
C2. A positive whole number M less than 100 is represented in base 2 notation,
base 3 notation, and base 5 notation. It is found that in all three cases the
last digit is 1, while in exactly two out of the three cases the leading digit
is 1.Then M equals
1] 31 2] 63 3] 75 4] 91
– CAT 2003 (November)

C3. How many three digit positive integers, with digits x, y and z in the hundred’s,
ten’s and unit’s place respectively, exist such that x < y, z < y and x ¹ 0?
1] 245 2] 285 3] 240 4] 320
– CAT 2003 (November)

C4. What is the sum of all two-digit numbers that give a remainder of 3 when
they are divided by 7?
1] 666 2] 676 3] 683 4] 777
– CAT 2003 (February)
C5. For a positive integer n, let pn denote the product of the digits of n, and sn
denote the sum of the digits of n. The number of integers between 10 and
1000 for which pn + s n = n is:
1] 81 2] 16 3] 18 4] 9
WORKSHOP

– CAT 2005
C6. Let S be a set of positive integers such that every element n of S satisfies
the conditions
a) 1000 < n < 1200 b) every digit in n is odd
Then how many elements of S are divisible by 3?
1] 9 2] 10 3] 11 4] 12
– CAT 2005

8 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

C7. The number of solutions of the equation 2x + y = 40 where both x and y

are positive integers and x < y is:
1] 7 2] 13 3] 14 4] 18 5] 20
– CAT 2006

1.4 If the digits of all 3 digit numbers are reversed, (e.g. 123 becomes
321) then how many of the resulting numbers:

a. Are equal to the original number.

b. Are less than the original numbers by a multiple of 9.

c. Are more than the original numbers by a multiple of 7.

1.5 If all 3 digit numbers are increased by 2, then for how many of them:

a. The sum of the digits increases/decreases by 2.

b. The sum of the digits increases/decreases by 7.

c. All 3 digits are prime before and after the increase.

d. WHAT would be the answer to the previous question (c) if

all 3 digit numbers were increased by 5 instead of 2 ?

1.6 Let ‘S’ be the set of all 3-digit numbers.

a. What is the least number of terms that you will have to
remove from ‘S’ so that the sum of no two terms is a
multiple of 3?
WORKSHOP

b. A new set is created by shifting the hundreds digit of each

number in S to the unit’s place i.e., 123 becomes 231, 449
becomes 494, etc. How many of the original numbers are
absent in this set?

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W3 9
 Numbers-2

C8. Let T be the set of integers {3, 11, 19, 27, ...., 451, 459, 467} and S be
a subset of T such that the sum of no two elements of S is 470. The maximum
possible number of elements in S is
1] 32 2] 28 3] 29 4] 30
– CAT 2003 (November)
C9. The number of positive integers n in the range 12 < n < 40 such that the product
(n–1)(n–2)... 3.2.1 is not divisible by n is
1] 5 2] 7 3] 13 4] 14
– CAT 2003 (November)
C10. An intelligence agency forms a code of two distinct digits selected from 0,
1, 2, ..., 9 such that the first digit of the code is nonzero. The code, handwritten
on a slip, can however potentially create confusion when read upside down
– for example, the code 91 may appear as 16. How many codes are there for
which no such confusion can arise?
1] 80 2] 78 3] 71 4] 69
– CAT 2003 (February)
C11. Consider the sets Tn = {n , n+1, n+2, n+3, n+4}, where n = 1, 2, 3, ...,
96. How many of these sets contain 6 or any integral multiple thereof (i.e.
any one of the numbers 6, 12, 18, ...)?
1] 80 2] 81 3] 82 4] 83
– CAT 2003 (February)
C12. The digits of a three-digit number A are written in the reverse order to form
another three-digit number B. If B > A and B – A is perfectly divisible by 7,
then which of the following is necessarily true?
1] 100 < A < 299 2] 106 < A < 305
3] 112 < A < 311 4] 118 < A < 317
– CAT 2005
C13. The sum of four consecutive two-digit odd numbers, when divided by 10, becomes
a perfect square. Which of the following can possibly be one of these four
numbers?
1] 21 2] 25 3] 41 4] 67 5] 73
– CAT 2006
C14. Consider the set S = {1, 2, 3, ...., 1000}. How many arithmetic progressions
can be formed from the elements of S that start with 1 and end with 1000
and have at least 3 elements?
1] 3 2] 4 3] 6 4] 7 5] 8
– CAT 2006
C15. When you reverse the digits of the number 13, the number increases by 18.
How many other two-digit numbers increase by 18 when their digits are reversed?
1] 5 2] 6 3] 7 4] 8 5] 10
WORKSHOP

– CAT 2006

C16. How many integers, greater than 999 but not greater than 4000, can be formed
with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, if repetition of digits is allowed?
1] 499 2] 500 3] 375 4] 376 5] 501
– CAT 2008

10 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

CATalyst-B

In this section:
l You get a well deserved break (most of you would need one by now) in the form of a
numerical puzzle

Instructions for this section:

l Solve the given puzzle taking not more than 3 minutes.
l After 3 minutes, participate in the class discussion to evaluate your approach and answer

1. Fill in the digits 1-9 without repeating any of the digits:

× = = ×

2. Fill in the digits 1-9 without repeating any of the digits:

¸ = ¸ = ¸

3. Fill in the digits 1-9 without repeating any of the digits:

+ =
¸
– =
=
= ×

WORKSHOP

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 11
 Numbers-2

CAT Files - II
SET 2
2.1. Find the value of: (Given: log 2 = 0.3, log23 = 1.6)

a. log8 2

æ 1ö
b. log ç ÷
2
è 8ø

c. log0.2(2)

æ2ö æ3ö
d. log2 ç ÷ + log3 ç ÷
è3ø è2ø

e. log0.25(8) + log8(0.25)

f. log258

2.2. Solve the following:

a. Find x if log x
2 = 8

1
b. Find x if log = 8
2 x

c. Find x if log 1 (x2) = – 2 x

x

d. Find x if a 2 log a x = 49

e. Find logx2, if x3 = 128

f. Find x if logx 2 + log x

2 = log2 x
WORKSHOP

12 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

2.3. Fill in the boxes with any one of the signs ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘=’ or ‘ ’
where ‘ ’ denotes that the equality/inequality cannot be determined

a. log0.22 log0.33

æ2ö æ 3ö
b. log2 ç ÷ log3 ç ÷
è3ø è 2ø

c. y 2 xz Given: log x, log y, log z are in AP

d. logyx logxy Given: xy = 1

e. logyx logxy Given: 0 < x < 1 < y

f. 1 logyx Given: 0 < x < y < 1

g. 2 logyx + logx y Given: 0 < x < y < 1

2.4. Find the value of

a. log2100 + log 2
100 + log 3 2 100 + log 4 2 100 +... upto 20 terms

40 420
1] log 2 2] log 2

380
3] log 2 4] None of these WORKSHOP

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 13
 Numbers-2

1 1
b. + + ..... upto ‘n’ terms
log 2 10 log 3 10

æ n (n + 1) ö æ n (n - 1) ö
1] logç ÷ 2] logç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
3] log [(n + 1)!] 4] log 2n
c. log (tan 1°) × log (tan 2°) × ...... × log (tan 60°)
1] log (tan 1 o + tan 2 o + ...+ tan 60 o)
2] 1
3] log (tan 30 o)
4] None of these

d. log x(a) + log x 2 (a) + log x 4 (a) + log x 8 (a) ...... upto ¥

1] log x 2 a 2] log x
a 3] log 4 x a 4] log 8 x a

e. log x (a) + log x 2 (a 2) + log x 4 (a 3) + log x8 (a 4) ...upto ¥

1] log x 2 a 2] log x
a 3] log 4 x a 4] log 8 x a

f. log (a) + log (ar) + log (ar2) + log (ar3) ...... upto 20 terms

1] 20 log a + 190 log r 2] 20 log a + 210 log r

3] 20 log (ar) 4] log (ar 190)

2.5. Given log5 = 0.6990, how many digits does the number 2150
have?
1] 43 2] 44
3] 45 4] 46

C17. When the curves y = log 10 x and y = x –1 are drawn in the x – y plane, how
many times do they intersect for x > 1?
1] Never 2] Once 3] Twice 4] More than twice
– CAT 2003(November)
WORKSHOP

C18. If log 3 2, log 3 (2 x – 5), log 3 æç 2 x - ö÷ are in arithmetic progression, then the
7
è 2ø
value of x is equal to:
1] 5 2] 4 3] 2 4] 3
– CAT 2003(November)

14 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W3
 Numbers-2

1
C19. If log3 M + 3log3 N = 1 + log0.008 5, then:
3

9 9 3 3
1] M9 = 2] N9 = 3] M3 = 4] N9 =
N M N M
– CAT 2003(February)

C20. If log10x – log10 x = 2 logx10, then a possible value of x is given by:

1 1
1] 10 2] 3] 4] None of these
100 1000
– CAT 2003(February)

æ m2 ö æ m3 ö
C21. What is the sum of ‘n’ terms in the series: log m + log çç ÷÷ + log çç 2 ÷÷ +
è n ø èn ø

æ m4 ö
log çç 3 ÷÷ +...
èn ø

n n n n
é n ( n -1) ù 2 émm ù 2 é m (1- n ) ù 2 é m ( n +1) ù 2
1] log ê ( n +1) ú 2] log ê n ú 3] log ê (1- m ) ú 4] log ê ( n -1) ú
ëm û ën û ën û ën û
– CAT 2003(February)
C22. Let u = (log2x) 2 – 6 log2x + 12 where, x is a real number. Then the equation
xu = 256, has
1] No solution for x
2] Exactly one solution for x
3] Exactly two distinct solutions for x
4] Exactly three distinct solutions for x
– CAT 2004

æxö æ yö
C23. If x > y and y > 1, then the value of the expression log x çç ÷÷ + log y ç ÷ can never be:
èyø èxø
1] –1 2] –0.5 3] 0 4] 1
– CAT 2005
C24. If logy x = (a . logz y) = (b . logx z) = ab, then which of the following pairs
WORKSHOP

of values for (a, b) is not possible?

æ 1ö æ 1ö
1] ç - 2, ÷ 2] (1, 1) 3] (0.4, 2.5) 4] ç p, ÷ 5] (2, 2)
è 2ø è pø
– CAT 2006

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 15
 Numbers-2

SET 3

Data for 3.1:

a, b, c and d are real numbers such that:

2 < a < 3; 0 < b < 1; –1 < c < 0; –4 < d < –3

3.1. Find the range of:

a. ab

a
b.
b

a
c.
d

d. b – c

e. bd

f. a|d|

g. a2 – c2
WORKSHOP

16 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2

Data for 3.2:

a, b, c and d are real numbers such that:

2 < a < 3; 0 < b < 1; –1 < c < 0; –4 < d < –3

3.2. Fill in the boxes with any one of the signs ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘=’ or ‘ ’ where
‘ ’ denotes that the equality/inequality cannot be determined

ab db
a.
d a

1 1
b.
d c

c. ac bc

d. an bn for 0 < n < 1

e. bn cn for n > a

f. cn dn for n odd

3.3. Fill in the boxes with any one of the signs ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘=’ or ‘ ’ where
‘ ’ denotes that the equality/inequality cannot be determined

a. a2 b2 if –1 < a < b < 0

1 1
b. (a - 1) 2 if a > 1
a -1

a
c. ab if 0 < a < b < 1
b
WORKSHOP

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 17
 Numbers-2

d. |a – 2| 4 if |2a – 3| < 7

1 1
e. a + b + if –1 < a < b < 0
b a

1
f. a 1.25 if a < 1 + for every
n
positive integer ‘n’

C25. Given that –1 < v < 1, –2 < u < –0.5 and –2 < z < –0.5 and w = vz/u, then
which of the following is necessarily true?
1] –0.5 < w < 2 2] –4 < w < 4 3] –4 < w < 2 4] –2 < w < –0.5
– CAT 2003 (November)

C26. If |b| > 1 and x = – |a|b, then which of the following is necessarily true?
1] a – xb < 0 2] a – xb > 0 3] a – xb > 0 4] a – xb < 0
– CAT 2003 (February)
C27. A real number x satisfying

1 1
1- < x £ 3 + , for every positive integer n, is best described by:
n n
1] 1 < x < 4 2] 1 < x < 3 3] 0 < x < 4 4] 1 < x < 3
– CAT 2003 (February)

30 65 - 29 65
C28. If R = , then
3064 + 2964
1] 0 < R < 0.1 2] 0.1 < R < 0.5 3] 0.5 < R < 1.0 4] R > 1.0
– CAT 2005
WORKSHOP

18 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 CATmeter ... A self-assessment form
My Name :
Today’s Date (dd/mm/yyyy) : / /
Days to go for the CAT :

After the workshop, I feel that:

Based on your CATmeter responses in the various sections of this workshop, fill the number
of R’s, S’s… scored by you and compute their totals in the summary table below:

# Section #R #S #T #U #V #W # Qs
1 CATch UP 15
2 CAT Files I – Set 1 23
3 CAT Files II – Set 2 26
4 CAT Files II – Set 3 19
Overall Total 83

Using the ‘overall total’ values in the summary table, complete your PER below:

Refer to the next page for guidelines on how to interpret the PER and devise an action
plan.
 Guidelines on how to interpret the PER and devise an action plan

STEP 1:

An objective assessment of your overall performance

STEP 2:

Identify your area of improvement and devise your action plan.

 Numbers-2

Explanatory Answers
Refer to this section for explanatory answers to the CAT questions that follow each set in the CAT Files I and II.

For 3 digit numbers:

C1. 100 < n < 200
Let x, y and z be the digits of a three digit number
Number of even numbers divisible by 7 are 112, 126,
x + y + z + xyz = 100x + 10y + z
140, 154, 168, 182, 196, i.e., 7 numbers.
Number of even numbers divisible by 9 are 108, 126, \ x + y + xyz = 100x + 10y
144, 162, 180, 198, i.e., 6 numbers. \ 99x + 9y = xyz \ 9(11x + y) = xyz
Since the number “126” is repeated in both the Now, LHS = 99x + 9y > 99x and RHS = xyz < 81x
sets, the actual number of positive even numbers between \ LHS > RHS
100 & 200 divisible by 7 or 9 = 7 + 6 –1 = 12 So, no three digit number satisfies the given condition.
Number of even numbers between 100 & 200 = 51 Hence, there are only 9 two digit numbers that satisfy
(including 100 & 200) the given condition. Hence, [4].
So number of even numbers divisible neither by 7
nor 9 = 51 – 12 = 39. Hence, [3]. C6. According to conditions given.
1000 < n < 1200 and every digit should be odd. So,
C2. Of the four given options 63 and 75 are multiples first 2 digit should be 1 and next two digits should
of 3, thus, their remainder cannot be 1. add up to a number of the form 3k + 1.
Now, leading digit in base 2 is always 1. We get numbers at 1113, 1119, 1131, 1137, 1155,
To find the leading digit of a number in base 3 or 1173, 1179, 1191, 1197.
base 5, we only have to find the largest multiple of Thus, there are nine numbers. Hence, [1].
the largest power of 3 or 5 that is less than the
number. C7. 2x + y = 40 and x < y
31 = 1(3 3 ) + 4 = 1(5 2) + 7 \ y = 40 – 2x
Hence, both the leading digits are 1. For x = 1, y = 38
91 = 1(3 4) + 10 = 3(5 2) + 16. Hence, [4]. x = 2, y = 36
.
C3. x < y, y > z .
y = 9 we can have 8 × 9 = 72 ways x = 12, y = 16
y = 8 7 × 8 = 56 ways x = 13, y = 14
y = 7 7 × 6 = 42 ways x = 14, y = 12, which does not satisfy the condition
y = 6 5 × 6 = 30 ways x < y.
y = 5 4 × 5 = 20 ways \ There are 13 possible solutions. Hence, [2].
y = 4 4 × 3 = 12 ways
y = 3 3 × 2 = 6 ways C8. If we observe the set T, we see that the sum of
y = 2 2 × 1 = 2 ways the first and last term is 470, the sum of the second
Total ways = 72 + 56 + 42 + 30 + 20 + 12 + 6 and the second last term is 470 and so on.
+ 2 = 240. Hence, [3]. Hence, atmost one of those two terms will be in
S. (eg. either 3 or 467, either 4 or 466 and so on...)
C4. 7 × 1 + 3 = 10 Also, the terms in T are in A.P., where a = 3,
7 × 2 + 3 = 17
d = 8 Tn = a + (n – 1)d Þ 467 = 3 + (n – 1)8
....
7 × 13 + 3 = 94 Þ n = 59
And, in S we can have either 1 st or 59 th , either 2 n d
\ Sum = 7(1 + 2 + ... + 13) + 3 × 13 = 676 or 58 th ... either 29 th or 31 st terms and the 30 th term.
Hence, [2].
\ The maximum number of terms in S = 29 + 1 =
C5. For 2 digit numbers: 30. Hence, [4].
WORKSHOP

Let x and y be the two digits of a 2-digit number.

C9. The positive integers (n) in the range 12 < n < 40
\ x + y + xy = 10x + y or 10y + x such that the product (n – 1)(n – 2) ... 3.2.1 is
Consider x + y + xy = 10x + y
not divisible by n are the prime numbers in the given
\ xy = 10x Þ y = 9 OR x = 0 range
As x is the tens place digit, it cannot be 0. Those integers are 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 and 37
\ y = 9 i.e., 7 numbers. Hence, [2].
\ 10x + y = 19, 29, ... 99 ® 9 numbers.

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 21
 Numbers-2
C10. There are 81 possible codes with distinct digits.
160
There are five numbers 0, 1, 6, 8 and 9 which can \ m2 = 10 = 16 which is possible.
be read as some other digit when read upside down.
Out of these five digits, tens digit can be filled in So, 41 can be one of the numbers. Hence, [3].
4 ways (1, 6, 8 or 9) and then units digit can be
filled in 3 ways i.e., total 4 × 3 = 12 ways. C14. The first obvious arithmetic progression is:
(Note: 10 will be read as 01 and will not create confusion 1, 2, 3, ..... 1000
as there are no codes beginning with 0) Let the arithmetic progression have n terms and d
Among these 12 numbers, 69 and 96 do not create be the difference.
any confusion. \ 1000 = 1 + (n – 1)d
Hence, the codes for which no confusion arises = i.e., (n – 1)d = 999
81 – 12 + 2 = 71. Hence, [3]. 999 = 3 × 333 = 9 × 111 = 27 × 37
Note: In case of a digital code 5 and 2 would also For each of these three combinations, there are two
have created confusion. arithmetic progressions that can be formed.
For e.g. d = 3, n – 1 = 333 or d = 333,
C11. Tn will not contain an integral multiple of 6 if and n – 1 = 3
only if n is of the form 6k + 1. \ Total number of progressions with at least 3 elements
i.e., Tn = {6k + 1, 6k + 2, ... 6k + 5} = 1 + 2 × 3 = 7
\ T1, T7, T13, ... T91 are the only sets not containing Hence, [4].
an integral multiple of 6. Alternatively,
For each divisor(d) of 999 we can form an AP with
æ 96 ö common difference = d, namely 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d,
\ 96 – çè 6 ÷ø = 80 sets contain an integral multiple
999
of 6. Hence, [1]. ... 1 + kd = 1000 where k = .
d
Now, 999 = 3 3 × 37
C12. Let the digits of A be x, y, z
i.e., A = 100x + 10y + z \ Number of factors = (3 + 1)(1 + 1) = 8
B = 100z + 10y + x Out of which d = 999 will give an AP with only
B – A = [100z + 10y + x] – [100x + 10y + z] 2 terms
= 99z – 99x = 99(z – x) \ 8 – 1 = 7 AP’s are possible.
As 99(z – x) is perfectly divisible by 7,
z – x will be divisible by 7. C15. Let 10x + y be a two digit number
Then 10y + x – 10x – y = 18
\ z – x = 7
Also, B > A Þ z > x \ 9y – 9x = 18 \ (y – x) = 2
Two digit numbers, other than 13, which satisfy this
If z = 9, x = 2 and if z = 8, x = 1
condition are 24, 35, 46, 57, 68 and 79.
\ A can be 1y8 or 2y9
So, minimum value of A will be 108.
\ There are 6 such numbers. Hence, [2].
Maximum value of A will be 299.
C16. For numbers other than 4000:
108 and 299 are included only in [2]. Hence, [2].
1 st digit = 3 possibilities
2 nd digit = 5 possibilities
C13. Let x be the average of the numbers.
So, total possible numbers = 15k + 1
i.e., Let the numbers be x – 3, x – 1, x + 1, x
The only option satisfying this is 376
+3
Hence, [4].
\ 4x = 10m 2 \ 2x = 5m 2
\ 5 divides x and 2 divides x as 2 divides C17. The graphs of y =
m2 Þ 4 divides m2
1
So, x is of the form 10k. log10x and y =
So, each number is of the form x y = log10x
WORKSHOP

10k + 1 or 10k + 3. 1
Now, if 21 is one of the numbers, x = 20 meet at = log10x
x
4x
\ m2 = 10 = 8 which is not possible. 1
i.e., 10 x = x i.e.,
25 cannot be one of the numbers as it is not of xx = 10
the above form. This can happen for only one value of x greater
If 41 is one of the numbers, x = 40. than 0.
Also, looking at the graphs, we see that the graphs
have only 1 intersection point. Hence, [2].

22 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3
 Numbers-2
n
æ x 7ö
n n é m n +1 ù 2
C18. Since, log3(2), log3(2 x – 5) and log3 ç 2 - ÷ = log mn + 1 - log n n -1 = log ê n - 1 ú
è 2ø
2 2 êë n ûú
are in A.P., we can write
Hence, [4].
æ x 7ö
2 × log3(2 x – 5) = log3(2) + log3 ç 2 - ÷
è 2ø C22. xu = 256
\ log3 (2 x – 5) 2 = log3(2 x + 1 – 7) taking log on both sides we get,
\ (2 x – 5) 2 = 2 x + 1 – 7 u log2x = log2 256 = 8
x = 2 and x = 3 both satisfy the equation. But x Put log2x = m
= 2 cannot be the answer as 8 8
log3(2 x – 5) \ u = m \ m 2 – 6m + 12 = m
= log3(2 2 – 5) \ m 3 – 6m 2 + 12m – 8 = 0
= log3(4 – 5) \ (m – 2) 3 = 0 \ m = 2
= log3(–1) \ log2x = 2 \ x = 4
But logarithm is not defined for negative numbers. \ x has only one solution. Hence, [2].
Hence, [4].

æxö æyö
1 C23. log x çç ÷÷ + log y ç ÷
C19. log 3 M + 3 log3 N = 1 + log0.008 5 y
è ø èxø
3
= logx x – log x y + logy y – logy x
1 log3 5
log3 M3+ log3 N3 = 1 + 8
= 1 – log x y + 1 – log y x
log3 3
1 10 = 2 – (logx y + logy x)
log3 5
log3 M 3 N3 = 1+ For x > y, y > 1
log3 8 - log3 103
logy x > 1
log 3 5
= 1+
3 log 3 2 - 3 log 3 2 - 3 log 3 5 æ 1ö
For any positive ‘a’, ç a + ÷ > 2
è aø
1 2
= 1- = 1
3 3 \ logy x + logx y = logy x + log x > 2
y
1 2
M 3 N3 = 3 3 \ 2 – (logx y + logy x) < 2 – 2
Taking cube on both sides. \ 2 – (logx y + logy x) < 0
MN9 = 3 2 æxö æyö
Hence, log x çç ÷÷ + log y ç ÷ cannot be 1.
9 èyø èxø
N9 = . Hence, [2].
M Hence, [4].
1
C20. log10x – log 10x = 2 log x 10 C24. logy x = a logzy = b logx z = ab
2
1 2 a log y b log z
\ 2
log10x = \ (log 10x) 2 = 4 log z × log x = ab × ab
log10 x

1 log y 1
log10x = +2 \ x = 10 +2 = 100 or . Hence, [2]. ab × log x = (ab) 2 Þ = ab
100 log y x

m2 m3 mn [we need not consider the values a = 0 or b = 0

Let L = log m + log + log 2 + ..... + log n - 1
WORKSHOP

C21.
n n n as those values are not there in the options]
\ L = log m + log m2 + log m3 + ... + log mn Also, logy x = ab Þ 1 = (ab) 2 Þ ab = +1
– log n – log n 2 – log n 3 + ... + log n n –
1
Thus, (a, b) = (2, 2) is not possible. Hence, [5].
\ L = log(m × m 2 × m 3 × m 4 × . .... × m n )
– log(n × n 2 × n 3 × n 4 × ..... × n n–1)
n ( n + 1) (n - 1)( n )

\ L = log m 2 - log n 2

IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3 23
 Numbers-2
C25. –1 < v < 1 and –2 < z < –0.5 3065 - 29 65
C28. R=
30 64 + 2964
Minimum value of vz = (1)(–2) = –2 (30 - 29)(30 64 + 30 63 ´ 29 + 30 62 ´ 29 2 + ... + 29 64 )
=
30 64 + 29 64
Maximum value of vz = (–1)(–2) = 2 (30 64
+ 29 64
+ (30 ´ 29 + 3062 ´ 29 2 + ...)
63
=
3064 + 29 64
\ –2 < vz < 2 3063 ´ 29 + 3062 ´ 29 2 + ... + 30 ´ 29 63
= 1+
3064 + 2964
And –2 < u < –0.5
\ R > 1. Hence, [4].
vz 2
Minimum value of = = –4
u - 0.5
vz -2
Maximum value of = = 4
u - 0.5
vz
\ –4 < < 4. Hence, [2].
u

C26. a – xb = a – (–|a|b)b = a + |a|b 2

|a|b 2 > a ( Q |b| > 1) \ a + |a|b 2 > 0

If a = 0, a – xb = 0.

\ a – xb > 0

Hence, [2].

1
C27. Since x > 1 - for all ‘n’, we have x > 1
n
1
(we can choose ‘n’ large enough so that 1 - will
n
be very close to 1)

æ 1ö
Also, x < ç 3 + ÷ for all ‘n’ \ x < 3
è nø

\ 1 < x < 3. Hence, [4].

WORKSHOP

24 IMS-41-CT-O-B-W 3