Practical: Water Supply Engineering

Experiment No 1. PHYSICAL TESTS OF WATER SAMPLE

1(A): To Measure Temperature of Given Sample Using Thermometer

Required Apparatus: Calibrated Thermometer, 250ml beaker.

Procedure:
1. Pour about 200ml of water into the beaker.
2. Dip the thermometer into the water.
3. Allow enough time for the fluid in the thermometer to reach a steady reading.
4. Read the thermometer and note the reading to the nearest degree centigrade.

Results:

Conclusions: Compare this value with the WHO and Nepal standard

1 (B): To Measure Color of Water Sample Using Colorimeter

Required Apparatus: Colorimeter, Slides of standard color water.

Procedure:
1. Place the instrument in front of you with the red switch towards you.
2. Open the lid at the top of the instrument.
3. Insert the color measurement disc (Hazen disc).
4. Place an empty glass tube in the left hand slot.
5. Fill the other tube with the water sample and place it in the right hand slot.
6. Close the lid of the instrument.
7. Switch on the instrument.
8. Look through the eyepiece on top of the instrument and turn the disc until the
color on the disc matches the color of the water.
9. Read the color value from the aperture at the bottom.

Results: Given sample color unit is …. Hazen degree (oH)

Conclusions: Compare this value with the WHO and Nepal standard.

1 (C): To Measure the p(H) of Water Sample Using p(H) Meter.

Apparatus: pH meter with electrode, 100ml and 250 ml beakers

Procedure:
1. Pour some pH 4 buffer solution into one the the 100ml beakers.
2. Take the temperature of the solution.
3. Set this temperature on the dial of the meter.
4. Switch on the meter and set into “pH manual”.

IOE Pulchowk Campus, Pulchowk Lalitpur

 Practical: Water Supply Engineering

5. Remove the electrode form the beaker in which it is stored and wash it down
with de-ionised or distilled water.
6. Place the electrode in the buffer solution.
7. The meter should read pH 4.
8. If the meter does not read pH 4 use the knob marked “buffer to set the
reading to pH 4”.
9. Remove the electrode form the buffer and wash it down with deionised or
distilled water.
10. Pour some of the water sample into 250 ml beaker.
11. Wash down the electrode and place it in the sample.
12. Record the pH value.

Observation:

Results:

Conclusions: Compare this value with the WHO and Nepal standard.

1 (D): To measure the turbidity of a water sample using turbidity meter.

Procedure:
1. Turn on the instrument, allow 10 minutes for stabilization.
2. Pour about 25 ml of water sample into the sample cell.
3. Select the NTU standard and put the stand into sample holder and cover the
light shield.
4. Adjust the scale reading to 100 using the standard knob with the range switch
at 100.
5. Remove the standard solution and replace with sample cell and cover with
the light shield.
6. Read the scale and record the reading.
7. If the reading is greater than 10, standardize on 100 NTU. Record with 100
NTU standards.
8. Clean the cells after use.

NTU: Nepheleometric Turbidity Units.

Precaution: Avoid scratching or touching cells.

Observation:

Results:

Conclusions: Compare this value with the WHO and Nepal standard.

IOE Pulchowk Campus, Pulchowk Lalitpur

 Practical: Water Supply Engineering

Experiment No. 2: JAR TEST

Chemicals Required: Aluminum Sulphate (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O)

Apparatus: 2 nos1000ml beakers, flock tester, pipettes, magnet stirrers

Procedure:
1. Measure the pH, temperature, color and turbidity of sample water.
2. Take sample water in each of the two beakers up to 500ml.
3. Put the beakers in the flock tester; put the magnet stirrer bars in each beaker.
4. Place a dash mixture on the bench in front of each of the beakers. Switch on
the flock tester and set on 10 minutes.
5. Using 1 ml, 2 ml pipettes, put different doses of 1% alum into each of the six
dash missing trays:

Dose into dash mixture Volume of water sample (ml) Concentration of alum (mg/l)
0.5 ml 500 10
1.0 ml 500 20
1.5 ml 500 30
2.0 ml 500 40
2.5 ml 500 50
3.0 ml 500 60

6. Put the dash mixtures to the beakers and in the same time plunge it to nearly
the bottom of the beakers and withdraw the dash mixtures.
7. When the time has reached 30 minutes, stop the stirring and remove the stirrer
bars.
8 Allow mixtures standing for 30 minutes for the flock to settle
9. Observe all the beakers by taking sample water.
10. Measure turbidity, temperature, color and p(H)

Observations:
Sample Test No.
Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6
Turbidity (NTU)
Temperature (oC)
Color (oHazen)
p(H)

Results:

Conclusions:

IOE Pulchowk Campus, Pulchowk Lalitpur

 Practical: Water Supply Engineering

Experiment No. 3: TO MEASURE THE TOTAL SOLIDS OF SAMPLE

3 (a) To Measure the Suspended Solids in Sample of Sewage

Procedure:
1. Weigh the membrane filter circle accurately = A gm.
2. Fix the circle in the filter holder.
3. Measure the volume of the sample sewage. A volume of 50 ml to be
measured for raw sewage.
4. Transfer the sample to the funnel and vacuum the filter.
5. Carefully, transfer the filter circle to the drying oven and dry for 30 minutes at
105oC.
6. Remove the circle form the oven and cool it in a dessicator.
7. Re-weight = B gm.

Suspended solid content in

the original sample (mg/l) = (B-A) X 1000/Vol. of water used (50 ml)

3 (b) To Determine the Amount of Total Solids in Given Sample

Procedure:
1. Place a clean evaporating dish in the drying oven at 105oC, for 30 minutes.
2. Weigh the dish , W = A gm
3. Measure 50 ml of water sample with the help of a pipette and transfer to the
evaporating dish.
4. Put the dish on the burner and evaporate it to dryness.
5. Put it to the drying oven for 10 minutes.
6. Remove the dish from the oven and place in the desiccator to cool for 5
minutes.
7. Weigh the dish + residue, W = B gm
Total solids = 2 X (B – A) X 104 mg/l.
8. Compare your value with the WHO standards.

Observation:

Calculation:

Results

Conclusions:

IOE Pulchowk Campus, Pulchowk Lalitpur

 Practical: Water Supply Engineering

Experiment No.4: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.) TEST BY WINKLER’S METHOD

Procedure:
1. Pour the water into 300 ml BOD bottle and carefully insert the glass stopper
so that the air bubbles are tapped into the bottle.
2. Add 2 ml of manganese sulphate (MnSO4) well below the surface of the
liquid.
3. Immediately add 2 ml alkali-iodide azide to water surface.
4. Replace the bottle stopper and avoid tapping any air bubbles.
5. Invert the stoppered bottle several times to mix the contents.
6. Stand the bottle on the bench and allow to the precipitate to settle down at the
bottom of the bottle and mix it again as in #5.
7. Add 2 ml of conc. Sulfuric acid and stopper the bottle.
8. Fill the burette with N/80 sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)
9. Mix the contents of the bottle by inversion.
10. Pipette out 100 ml sample and transfer to the conical flask.
11. Titrate the sodium thiosulfate till the pale straw colors develop.
12. Add 2 ml starch indicator. Now the sample turns blue black.
13. Now continue the titration slowly, until the blue color disappears and becomes
colorless.
14. Record the burette readings.
15. Formula: V1S1 = V2S2.

Observation:
S.No. Initial Burette reading (ml) Final Burette Reading (ml) Titrated Volume (ml)
1
2
3

Calculation:

Results:

Conclusions:

IOE Pulchowk Campus, Pulchowk Lalitpur