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Puppets of Oz
By Jody Williams

Why do people like puppets? Some people like the way they look.
Other people like the voices that they are given. There are puppet
shows. Puppets are on TV. Puppets are in movies. Puppets are brought
to life by people. A puppeteer is a person who makes puppets perform
for others.

There are many famous puppeteers. One is Frank Oz. Frank Oz was
born on May 25, 1944. He was born in England. England is a country
in Europe. He lived with two parents. They had a hobby. They were
puppeteers. Frank and his family moved to the U.S. when he was five
years old.

Frank became interested in puppets at a young age. He became a puppeteer when he was 11 years old. When
Frank was in high school, he went to a puppet convention. Jim Henson saw him perform. Jim Henson was a
famous puppeteer. He created many Sesame Street characters. He created the Muppets. Frank worked for Jim
during the summers. Frank finished high school. He went to college. He kept working for Jim Henson.

In 1963, Frank started working for Jim Henson full time. He began working with Muppets. A Muppet is a
puppet. It is also a marionette. Frank is most famous for bringing Miss Piggy to life. Miss Piggy is a Muppet. She
is a pig. She wants to be a star. She lets nothing stand in her way.

Frank also created Fozzie Bear. Fozzie is a Muppet bear. He is orange. He tells jokes. Most of the time, the
jokes are not funny. He ends each joke saying, "Wocka, wocka, wocka." Fozzie is very kind. He loves his friends.
Frank's first Fozzie Bear puppet is in a museum in England.

In 1969, Frank became part of Sesame Street. Cookie Monster was his puppet. Grover was his puppet. Bert
was his puppet. Frank worked on the show for many years. He loved entertaining children.

Frank also worked in movies. Star Wars was a famous film. Frank created a character for the movie series.
He was Yoda. Yoda was 26 inches tall. He was 900 years old. He was a Jedi master. A Jedi helped to keep peace.
Yoda was the wisest Jedi. He was the most powerful. He trained other Jedi. Yoda was funny at times.

Frank was also an actor. He has directed movies. He has won four awards for his TV work. He retired from
doing the Muppets in 2000.

Puppets of Oz

Questions
1. What is a puppeteer?

2. Frank Oz was born on May 25, 1944.


A. true
B. false

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3. How do you think that Frank Oz became interested in puppets?

4. Who did Frank meet when he was in high school at a puppet convention?
A. Miss Piggy
B. Jim Henson
C. Cookie Monster
D. his wife

5. What was Jim Henson most known for?

6. What is a Muppet?
A. a puppet
B. a marionette
C. both a and b
D. neither a nor b

7. What Muppet is Frank Oz best known for bringing to life?


A. Miss Piggy
B. Kermit the frog
C. Ernie
D. Animal
E. all of the above

8. Describe Miss Piggy.

9. Describe Fozzie Bear.

10. What movie puppet did Frank Oz bring to life?


A. Yoda
B. Big Bird
C. Bear in the Big Blue House
D. Clifford the Big Red Dog

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11. Describe Yoda.

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A White Christmas
By Colleen Messina

One well-known Christmas song is "White Christmas." The lyrics talk about
dreaming of a white Christmas. It was written in 1942. Soldiers in World War II
loved the song. Snow inspired that songwriter. Children dream of snowflakes,
too. They want to have a day off from school!

Places that get cold in winter can enjoy a white holiday. Snowflakes cover
the ground with a white blanket. They start in a cloud. They start when water
vapor cools in the air. The water condenses. It changes from a gas to a liquid.
Then the liquid freezes into an ice crystal. It starts out very small. Then the
crystal grows. It gets more complex. It blows around inside the cloud. Then it
falls to Earth.

Some people study snowflakes. They take photos of them. Snowflakes have
six sides or arms. Each flake is different. Close up, they look like clear glass.
Scientists learn about crystals from snow. Scientists use what they learn from
snowflake crystals in other areas of science. Snowflakes are not magical, but
they are amazing!

Snowflakes can create a magical white Christmas. Snow is fun to play in. One songwriter was inspired by
snowflakes. Scientists like snowflakes, too. Snowflakes are a part of many dreams!

A White Christmas

Questions
1. Soldiers in which war first enjoyed the song "White Christmas"?
A. World War II
B. the Iraq War
C. World War I
D. the Vietnam War

2. Where do snowflakes start to form?


A. in a rainbow
B. in a tree
C. in a snowflake factory
D. in a cloud

3. What does snow look like up close?


A. clear glass
B. solid white
C. multi-colored
D. none of the above

4. How many sides do snowflakes have?


A. four
B. eight
C. six
D. five

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Marcy Finds Help At School


By Joyce Furstenau

Marcy had become withdrawn at school. Her teacher began to worry about her. She used to be the first one to
raise her hand. Now she seemed tired all the time. Her homework was rarely done. Lately, she seemed to cry at
the drop of a hat. Mrs. Jenkins, her teacher, decided to have a heart-to-heart talk with Marcy.

"Marcy, can I see you for a minute after the rest of the class leaves for recess?"

Marcy nodded her head up and down. She waited silently at her seat. She didn't seem to have much energy
today, either.

Mrs. Jenkins sat down beside Marcy. She put her hand on Marcy's arm and said, "Honey, I've been worried
about you lately. You don't seem to be the bubbly Marcy that you were last fall. Is there something going on at
school that I need to know about?"

Marcy shook her head "no." Mrs. Jenkins could see she was on the verge of tears. "Is there something going on
at home, then?" she asked.

Marcy hesitated. Then she put her head down on her arms and began to sob. Mrs. Jenkins patted her on the
back. She waited until Marcy was calm enough again to talk.

"Is it something you can talk to me about, or would you like to go see Mr. Rogers?" asked Mrs. Jenkins. Mr.
Rogers was the school counselor.

Marcy looked at Mrs. Jenkins with tears in her eyes. "My parents are getting a divorce," she said. Then she
began to cry again.

"Oh, dear, dear, me. No wonder you are upset. I am so sorry to hear this. I'm so sorry, Marcy," she said. Marcy
regained her composure again.

"I'll be alright. Mommy will be getting married to her boyfriend after the divorce is final. It's just kinda hard
right now. I miss my daddy," said Marcy.

"Marcy, I think it might be helpful for you to talk to Mr. Rogers about this. I think there are other kids in Mr.
Rogers' friendship group who have gone through this. They might be able to help you. The friendship group
meets every week with Mr. Rogers. The kids talk about how to deal with changes in their lives like this. I know it
is hard on you. I think this might help you."

Marcy agreed. Mrs. Jenkins walked her to Mr. Rogers' office. She introduced Marcy and told Mr. Rogers
briefly what Marcy had shared. Mr. Rogers put his hand on Marcy's shoulder and told her that she would make a
great addition to his friendship group. They would be having a meeting during fifth period tomorrow. He would
send someone to Mrs. Jenkins' class to get Marcy.

Marcy felt better knowing she had someone to talk to about her feelings. She didn't want her mother to worry
about her. She didn't want her to know how much she missed her dad. She had seen her father only twice since he
moved out. Her older sister was involved with school activities. She seemed too busy to notice. Marcy wanted to
feel normal again. She was looking forward to the friendship group. She couldn't imagine that anyone else would
understand what she was feeling.

There were six other students who came to the friendship group the next day. They were all children of
divorced parents. Two were living in single parent families, and four were living in stepfamilies. Marcy was the
only one in the group who was going through the difficult time of change during the divorce. She wanted to ask
questions about divorce and remarriage. She wanted to know how she would fit in if she got a new step-father.
She wanted to know if her "real" father was going to quit seeing her after the divorce. She worried that he didn't
love her anymore because of the divorce. Marcy had many questions.

Mr. Rogers opened by having everyone introduce themselves. Each of them said hello to Marcy and shared a
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little about their family situation. Mr. Rogers started a discussion about changes. He said that some changes can
be really hard, especially at first.

"Remember when you went from kindergarten to first grade? Did you miss your kindergarten teacher? Was it
hard to learn a new way of doing things with a new teacher?

It didn't happen the first day, did it? It took time. Everyone needs time to get used to changes in our lives.
Sometimes it might even seem like there are too many changes. Remember, it wasn't easy to learn all the rules of
first grade, either. It took time, but here you are now in fourth grade. You've had to learn the rules of four other
teachers since kindergarten. You spent a whole year learning and growing together. It was hard, but you made it,
didn't you?

"In friendship group, we will talk about the changes each of you is going through right now. We will talk
about what helps and what doesn't help. We have all made a pact to never discuss what we talk about in our group
to other students, too. Will you agree to that, Marcy?"

Marcy said, "Yes, I promise." She heaved a big sigh. Marcy knew she would be able to get through these
changes with the help of her new friends.

Mrs. Jenkins could see the old Marcy slowly returning as the weeks went by. Marcy was learning how to deal
with the changes in her life one day at a time. Her friendship group was a big help to her. She was glad she
decided to talk to someone.

Marcy Finds Help At School

Questions
1. Why was Marcy having trouble concentrating in school?
A. Her parents were going through a divorce
B. She was eating too much candy.
C. She was living in a new house.
D. She had a new bed that was uncomfortable.

2. What did her classroom teacher do to help Marcy?


A. She moved her desk to a new spot.
B. She found her a new family to live with.
C. She scolded her.
D. She spoke to her privately out of concern.

3. What did Mrs. Jenkins suggest to help Marcy?


A. She suggested Marcy should take a walk.
B. She suggested Marcy might want to talk to the school counselor.
C. She suggested Marcy should move to a different school
D. She suggested Marcy should get over it.

4. Who was Mr. Rogers?


A. the principal
B. the bus driver
C. a fourth grade teacher
D. the school counselor

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5. Who was in the friendship group?


A. kids who had been through what Marcy was going through
B. kids in her classroom
C. kids who once were her best friends
D. kids who were much older than Marcy

6. Why did being in the friendship group help Marcy?


A. She was able to talk about her problems with kids who had been through similar problems.
B. She learned to jump rope in friendship class.
C. She got to play games with other kids.
D. She got out of science class.

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How Do I Make a Great Decision?


By Jennifer Kenny

Maria was the new kid on the block. She had just entered this high school and
was trying to make some friends. She was excited when a popular girl named Susie
invited her to go to the mall. The catch was that Susie was skipping class to go have
fun. What should Maria do?

Jeffrey was hanging out with his buddies on a Friday night. He was having a
great time until a friend's older brother brought over some beer. Jeffrey is only 17.
What should Jeffrey do?

Devon went to the movies with a new group of kids from school. After the
movie, the kids started pressuring him to smoke cigarettes with them. What should
Devon do?

Karen is so hungry! She stops for a quick bite to eat for lunch. She's been trying
to eat nutritious meals, but now she is very tempted. She really wants the
cheeseburger, but there is a salad available. What should Karen do?

You make decisions like these all the time. Some of them are small, and some of them are big. Some of them
are easy, and some of them are more difficult. All decisions have consequences, or results. Consequences can be
positive or negative, so it is important to think your decisions through. Choosing not to smoke a cigarette can lead
to a positive consequence - healthy lungs. Choosing to continually eat the burgers instead of the salads can lead to
weight gain and heart disease.

Consequences of your decisions can affect yourself. Consequences of your decisions can affect others, too.
How? Think about it. Your decision to smoke creates secondhand smoke for those around you. Drinking while
driving can harm innocent people. Choosing to recycle helps everyone around you.

When making big decisions, it is important to not be impulsive. You want to do your best not to regret
anything later. Give some thought to your situation. Review your options. Think about all your choices. Not many
things are black and white. You might have more choices than you realize.

Your choices or answers to the problem have consequences. Some might be short-term. For example, if Devon
says yes to the cigarette, he might feel sick. If he says no, he might feel embarrassed or pressured. The long-term
consequences exist as well, though. If Devon chooses to smoke, he will put himself in a situation where others
will consider him a smoker. If he becomes addicted, there will be serious health consequences.

After thinking over the pros and cons of all your choices, choose the best one. Make the choice that reflects
who you are and what your values are. Respect yourself.

After your decision is made, think it over. How did your decision make you feel? When Devon said no to the
cigarette, he felt relief. He didn't feel the pressure he thought he would after he clearly said no. He felt good about
himself because he had made a healthy decision for his body. He was also glad that his parents would feel proud
of him!

You may face situations in life where you feel completely unsure what to do by yourself. These, ironically, are
sometimes the really big problems with tough choices. That feeling of uncertainty is normal and natural. What is
a person to do? Get some advice. Find someone who you can talk to that understands you - a friend, a parent, or a
teacher. Sometimes when you are uncertain, you can't see things clearly. Someone else might. These individuals
can also support you. Collaborating, or working together with others, can also be helpful - if not essential.
Learning how to collaborate now will help you make great decisions.

If you happen to make a poor decision, you are not alone. EVERYONE MAKES MISTAKES. First, admit it
and take responsibility. Then think about and try to correct it. Learn from your mistakes.

Take your time. Make the best decision for you!


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How Do I Make a Great Decision?

Questions
1. Which word means a result of your decision?
A. humiliation
B. consequence
C. mistake
D. collaboration

2. Which word means working together with others?


A. collaborating
B. consequence
C. thought
D. assessment

3. Decisions can have short-term and long-term consequences.


A. true
B. false

4. Decisions should reflect your value system.


A. false
B. true

5. Which is NOT a good idea when making a decision?


A. Choose the best choice.
B. Give thought to your choices.
C. Reflect on your decision.
D. Be impulsive.

6. Everyone makes mistakes.


A. true
B. false

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A Whole Lot of Whole Grains


By Erin Horner

This morning for breakfast I had one slice of whole wheat toast with jelly, some fruit, and a
bowl of oatmeal. It was a great breakfast. It was also a tasty way to eat some of my recommended
daily grains. Grains are an important food group. They contain dietary fiber, iron, and B vitamins.
Foods made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, and barley are all grains. The USDA's MyPlate
suggests that kids ages 4-13 eat 5-6 ounces of grains each day. One slice of bread, one cup of
cereal, or 1/2 cup of cooked oatmeal or rice all equal a one ounce serving. At least half of the
grains I eat should be whole grains. Whole grains contain the entire grain kernel. They are the
healthiest grain choices. If I am trying to decide whether or not something contains whole grains, I can peek at its
packaging and look at its label. If "whole grain" or "whole wheat" is listed in the ingredients, then I know I've
grabbed the right kind of grain. I can look for the whole grains stamp on the package, too. I know that eating a lot
of grains each day is a good idea, but eating a whole lot of whole grains is an even better one!

A Whole Lot of Whole Grains

Questions
1. How many whole grains should kids ages 4-13 eat each day?
A. 5-6 ounces
B. 10-12 ounces
C. 2-3 ounces
D. 4-13 ounces

2. If I am trying to decide whether or not something contains whole grains, I can peek at its packaging
and look at its label. Which figurative language technique is being used in this sentence from the passage?

A. alliteration
B. metaphor
C. personification
D. simile

3. This article is written in the:


A. first person
B. third person
C. second person

4. How can you tell if something is made with whole grains?

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Physicists
By Cindy Grigg

Physicists are scientists who study the physical world. They study matter, the "stuff"
that makes up all things. They study forces and how things move. They study atoms.
They study stars and space. They also study energy and how it changes forms. Physicists
do experiments. They observe what happens. They use math to find the answers to
questions. They use computer models to study things. Some physicists study the universe
to find out how it began. Some try to solve practical problems right here on Earth. They
might invent new machines or new materials. Physicists often work in labs. Some may
teach at colleges. Some work for the government. Some work in hospitals or medical
services. If you'd like to be a physicist, you'll need to take many math and science
courses in high school and college. You should be good at solving problems. You'll need
curiosity, too!

Physicists

Questions
1. What does a physicist do?
A. invent
B. experiment
C. observe
D. all of the above

2. Physicists study the ______ world.

3. Physicists must study ______ in college.

4. Which of these things would a physicist probably NOT study?


A. energy
B. lions
C. atoms
D. stars

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5. The author's main purpose for writing this was to:


A. inform
B. persuade
C. entertain

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