TRACE College

El Danda Street, Batong Malake,

Los Banos, Laguna

ADVANCE STATISTIC
AND
PROBABILITY

Submitted by:
Numata, Izumi C.
BS Psychology

Submitted to:
Sir. John Marvin S. Canari
PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION AND COEFFICIENT

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is a measure of the strength of the linear
relationship between two variables. It is referred to as Pearson's correlation or simply as the
correlation coefficient. If the relationship between the variables is not linear, then the correlation
coefficient does not adequately represent the strength of the relationship between the variables.

The symbol for Pearson's correlation is "ρ" when it is measured in the population and "r" when
it is measured in a sample. Because we will be dealing almost exclusively with samples, we will
use r to represent Pearson's correlation unless otherwise noted.

Pearson's r can range from -1 to 1. An r of -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship

between variables, an r of 0 indicates no linear relationship between variables, and an r of 1
indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between variables. Figure 1 shows a scatter plot
for which r = 1.

In order to determine how strong the relationship is between two variables, a formula must be
followed to produce what is referred to as the coefficient value. The coefficient value can range
between -1.00 and 1.00. If the coefficient value is in the negative range, then that means the
relationship between the variables is negatively correlated, or as one value increases, the other
decreases. If the value is in the positive range, then that means the relationship between the
variables is positively correlated, or both values increase or decrease together. Let's look at the
formula for conducting the Pearson correlation coefficient value.
Problem number 1

Below are the data of age and weekly income of the students at Trace College Los banos.. use α
= 0.01

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Age Weekly Income (s) x2 y2 xy
21 13,000 441 169000000 273000
16 7,000 256 49000000 272000
18 11,000 324 121000000 198000
14 4,000 196 16000000 56000
19 14,000 361 196000000 266000
23 15,000 529 225000000 345000
12 3,000 144 9000000 36000

Step 1

H O=¿ ¿There is a significant relationship between the age and weekly income of the students at trace
¿

college los banos.

H a ≠ There is no significant relationship between age and weekly income of the students at trace college
los banos.

Step 2

α = 0.01

Step 3

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

Step 4

 n=7

• Σx = 123

• Σy = 6700

• Σxy = 1146000

• Σx2 = 2251

• Σy2 = 785000000

r= n ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
√ ¿¿ ¿

7−( 1146000 )−( 123 ) (6700)

r= √¿¿¿
 8022000−824100
r= √ [ 15757−15129 ][ 5495000000−44890000 ]

7197900
r= √( 628 ) (5450110000)

7197900
r=
√ 3.42266908 x 10 12
7197900
r=
√ 469.7043232
r =1.53 -> Perfect

Step 5

r tabular = 0.750 (α= 0.01)

Step 6

Since the computed value is greater than the tabular value accept the alternative hypothesis,
reject the null hypothesis.

Step 7

Since the r computed value of 1.53 is greater than the r tabular value of 0.750 accept the
alternative hypothesis reject the null hypothesis, regardless of sign at 0.01 level of significance
the research confirms that there is a significant relationship between the age and weekly income of
the students at trace college los banos.

.
 900

800

700

600

500 Sleep 6 hours

Sleep 289
400 Sleep 36
xy 102
300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Problem number 2

Below are the data of data of students asking if there a relationship of how many hours they
studied and their exam grade. use α = 0.01

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Hours Studied Exam Grade x2 y2 xy
 11 83 121 6889 913
6 93 36 8649 558
14 72 196 5184 1008
9 75 81 5625 675
7 80
49 6400 560
3 98 9 9604 294
15 87 225 7569 1305

Step 1

H O=¿ ¿There is a significant relationship between the hours they studied and their exam grade.
¿

H a ≠ There is no significant relationship between the hours they studied and their exam grade.

Step 2

α = 0.01

Step 3

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

Step 4

 n=7

• Σx = 65

• Σy = 588

• Σxy = 5313

• Σx2 = 717

• Σy2 = 49920

Formula :

r= n ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
√ ¿¿ ¿

Computation :

7−(5313)−( 65 ) (588)
r= √¿¿¿

37191−38220
r= √ [ 5019−4225 ] [ 349440−345744 ]

−1029
r= √( 794 ) (3696)
 −1029
r=
√ 2934624
−1029
r=
√ 1713.074429
r =−0.06 -> Very low correlation

Step 5

r tabular = 0.750 (α= 0.01)

Step 6

Since the computed value is greater than the tabular value reject the alternative hypothesis,
accept the null hypothesis.

Step 7

Since the r computed value of 0.06 is less than the r tabular value of 0.750 accept the null
hypothesis reject the alternative hypothesis, regardless of sign at 0.01 level of significance the
research confirms that there is a significant relationship between the hours they studied and their
exam grade
 900

800

700

600

500 Sleep

400
xy
300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Problem number 3

Below are the data of 7 persons asking if there is a significant relationship between Stress and
work hour in their workplace.

Use α= 001

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Stress Work Hour x2 y2 xy
4 8 16 64 32
2 4 4 16 8
 5 7 25 49 35
7 3 49 9 21
8 6 64 36 48
3 2 9 4 6
9 5 81 25 45

Step 1

H O=¿ ¿There is a significant relationship between Stress and work hour in their workplace.
¿

H a ≠ There is no significant relationship between Stress and work hour in their workplace.

Step 2

α = 0.01

Step 3

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

Step 4

Formula :

r= n ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
√ ¿¿ ¿

 n=7

• Σx = 38

• Σy = 35

• Σxy =195

• Σx2 = 248

• Σy2 = 233

Computation :

7−(195)−( 38 ) (35)
r= √¿¿¿
 1365−1330
r= √ [ 1736−1444 ][ 1631−1225 ]

35
r= √( 292 ) ( 406)

35
r=
√ 118552
35
r=
√ 344.3138104
r =0.10 -> Very low correlation

Step 5

r tabular = 0.750 (α= 0.01)

Step 6

Since the computed value is less the tabular value reject the alternative hypothesis, accept the
null hypothesis.

Step 7

Since the r computed value of 0.10 is less than the r tabular value of 0.750 reject the alternative
hypothesis accept the null hypothesis, regardless of sign at 0.01 level of significance the research
confirms that there is no significant relationship between the Stress and work hour in their
workplace.

900

800

700

600

500 Sleep

400
xy
300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Problem number 4

Boys tend to have an older girlfriend while the girls tend to have a young boyfriend. Let’s ask 7couples
that in a relationship with this situation. Is there a significant relationship between having an old and
young relationship couple? Use α = 0.01

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Young Boyfriend Older Girlfriend x2 y 2❑ xy

36 35
1296 1225 1260
72 67
5184 4489 4324
37 33
1369 1089 1221
36 35
1296 1225 1260
51 47
2601 2209 2397
50 32
2500 1024 1600
41 36
1681 1296 1476

Step 1

H O=¿ ¿There is a significant relationship between having an old and young relationship couple
¿
H a ≠ There is no significant relationship between having an old and young relationship couple

Step 2

α= 0.01

Step 3

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

Step 4

Formula :

r= n ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
√ ¿¿ ¿

 n=7

• Σx = 323

• Σy = 285

• Σxy = 13538

• Σx2 = 15927

• Σy2 = 12557

Computation :

7−(13538)−( 323 ) (285)

r= √ ¿ ¿¿

94766−92055
r= √ [ 111489−104329 ][ 87899−81225 ]

2711
r= √( 7160 )( 6674 6)

2711
r=
√ 477901360
 2711
r=
√ 21860.95515
r =0.13 -> Very low correlation

Step 5

r tabular = 0.750 (α= 0.01)

Step 6

Since the computed value is less the tabular value reject the alternative hypothesis, accept the
null hypothesis.

Step 7

Since the r computed value of 0.13 is less than the r tabular value of 0..750 reject the alternative
hypothesis accept the null hypothesis, regardless of sign at 0.05 level of significance the research
confirms that there is no significant relationship between having an old and young relationship
couple.

900

800

700

600

500 Sleep

400
xy
300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Problem number 5

I’m a gamer and also a sleepy head. I want to sleep as long as I want but I want to play too nonstop. The
hours that I;m playing and awake is long than my sleep.

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Awake and Sleep x2 y 2❑ xy
playing
17 hours 6 hours 289 36 102
13 hours 2 hours 169 4 26
19 hours 3 hours 361 9 57
28 hours 9 hours 784 81 252
22 hours 1 hour 484 1 22
24 hours 4 hours 576 16 96
16 hours 10 hours 256 100 160

Step 1

H O=¿ ¿There is a significant relationship between the hours that I’m playing and hours of my sleep.
¿

H a ≠ There is no significant relationship between the hours that I’m playing and hours of my sleep.

Step 2

α= 0.01

Step 3

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

Step 4

Formula :

r= n ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
√ ¿¿ ¿

 n=7

• Σx = 139

• Σy = 35

• Σxy = 715

• Σx2 = 2919

• Σy2 = 247

Computation :

7−(715)−( 139 ) (35)

r= √ ¿ ¿¿

5005−4865
r= √ [ 20433−19321 ][ 1729−1225 ]

140
r= √( 1112 ) (504)

140
r=
√ 560448
1 40
r=
√ 748.630701
r =0.18 -> Very low correlation

Step 5

r tabular = 0.750 (α= 0.01)

Step 6
Since the computed value is less than the tabular value rejects the alternative hypothesis, accept
the null hypothesis.

Step 7

Since the r computed value of 0.18is less than the r tabular value of 0..750 accept the null
hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis, regardless of sign at 0.01 level of significance
the research confirms that there is no significant relationship between the hours that I’m playing
and hours of my sleep.

12

10

6
xy
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12