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Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 2
Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 2
Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 2
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Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Lesson 1 and 2
Mathematics- Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: (Lesson 1-2)
First Edition, 2020
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Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
5
Lesson 1 - 2
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Table of Contents
What I Know......................................................................................................................................iii
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What This Module is About
This module is intended for the Grade 5 learners. This is written to respond the needs
of the time. The learners are expected to completely study this module on the second week
after the opening of the School Year. The activities of this module will help you discover the
rules and concepts of the PMDS and GMDAS.
Your parents or elder brothers and sisters play a very important role in learning the
activities. If there are instructions or activities which are not very clear for you, please ask
them to help you.
This module comprises of two lessons that cover the following areas namely;
• lesson 1 will help you state, explain, and interpret Parenthesis, Multiplication,
Division, Addition, Subtraction (PMDAS) or Grouping, Multiplication, Division,
Addition, Subtraction (GMDAS) rule.
• lesson 2 shall sharpen your ability to simplify a series of operations on whole
numbers involving more than two operations using the PMDAS or GMDAS rule.
After seriously but with enjoyment doing the activities of this module, you are
expected to state, explain, and interpret PMDAS or GMDAS rule.
The goals in Mathematics education is to help you become a critical thinker and a
problem solver individual. The activities of this module are written to further
improve your critical thinking and problem solving skills. These acquired skills
would soon be applied in your everyday lives.
So, find time to study this module because learning amidst COVID 19 pandemic
depends on you.
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5|Page
Stating, Explaining and
Interpreting Parentheses,
Multiplication, Division,
Addition, Subtraction
(PMDAS), or Grouping,
Lesson Multiplication, Division,
Addition, Subtraction
(GMDAS) Rules
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What’s In
The absence of any operation signs directly before or after parentheses or any
similar grouping symbols is implied that it involves multiplying the numbers or group of
numbers adjacent to them. For example, the expression 3 x (8 - 2) = 18 can also be stated as
3 (8 - 2) = 18.
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What I need to know
For this lesson, try to recall your knowledge on four basic operations of
arithmetic, namely, multiplication, division, addition and subtraction. They are called
binary operators (meaning relating to, composed of or involving two numbers or
groups of numbers) because they take two numbers or groups of numbers to produce
a third number.
It is hoped that at the end of this lesson, you will know how to state, explain
and interpret the operations of whole numbers and/or groups of whole numbers in
numerical expressions under the rules of PMDAS/GMDAS.
What’s New
Pupils have been taught that multiplication and division take precedence
over addition and subtraction. Furthermore, they were taught that multiplication takes
precedence over division as addition precedes over subtraction, notwithstanding their
order of occurrence in a numerical expression. Old mnemonics like My Dear Aunt
Sally were coined in the past to help us recall the order of precedence. However, this
was confusing especially in dealing with complex operations and is not consistent with
the Order of Operations as discussed in this lesson.
RULE 1 = First, perform the operations within each pair of grouping symbols. In
expressions with nested parentheses, begin with the innermost pair, moving outward.
RULE 2 = Perform multiplication and division as they occur from left to right.
RULE 3 = Perform addition and subtraction as they appear from left to right.
*Important Note: For more advance lessons, another RULE is added whenever
exponents (or powers) or roots are included.
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PMDAS does not mean multiplication before division, and addition before
subtraction even though it may appear that way. These two sets of operations have
equal priority. With RULES 2 and 3 above, this has been clarified that the order should
be based on whichever symbol appears first from left to right. In other words, PMDAS
should really be presented as P- MD - AS.
(2 + 3) × 4
= (5) x 4
= 20
In the similar case of the expression: (8 - 2) ÷ 2 = 3, the parentheses force
the subtraction of 8 by 2 to precede over dividing the sum by 2 to get the correct
quotient of 3. If we divide 2 by 2 before subtracting it from 8, we will end up with
the wrong answer of 7. This is numerically laid down as:
(8 - 2) ÷ 2
= (6) ÷ 2
=3
What Is It
1) 25 ÷ 5 x 3 + 6 - 2 = 19
Solution Guide
Only Rules 2 and 3 apply in this case.
25 ÷ 5 x 3 + 6 – 2
Apply Rule 2 first by dividing 25 by 5 to get the
=5x3+6–2 quotient of 5.
Then, multiply 5 by 3 for a product of 15.
= 15 + 6 – 2
Applying Rule 3, add 15 and 6 for a sum of 21.
= 21 – 2
Finally, subtract 2 from 21 to get a difference of 19.
= 19
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2) 12 ÷ (4 x 3) + 7 - 5 = 3
Solution Guide
REMINDER: Work from left to right when there are only multiplications and
divisions. If a division comes before multiplication in an expression,
do that first. Similarly, if a multiplication comes first, do it first. The
same is true for the final two operations, addition and subtraction.
Perform subtractions before additions if the former come first in the
expression and vice versa.
What’s More
1) My brother bought 4 large cavendish bananas for 10 pesos each and 1 green mango
for 5 pesos. Write a numerical expression to represent this situation and then find
the total cost in pesos.
Solution: 4 × 10 + (1 x 5) - parentheses
= 4 x 10 + 5 - multiply
= 40 + 5 - add
= 45 pesos
Therefore, we are able to repack garlic in a total of 360 smaller plastic bags.
What I Can Do
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Simplifying Series of
Operations on Whole Numbers
Lesson
Involving More than Two
Operations using PMDAS or
GMDAS Rules
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What’s In
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What’s New
As mentioned in Lesson 1, brackets and braces are used alternatively with parentheses
to avoid confusion in numerical expressions with multiple operators. Typically,
parentheses enclose the innermost grouping of numbers first, then brackets, followed
by braces like in this example: 2 x {1 + [4 x (2 + 1) + 3]} = 32.
The same equation can also be written as 2{1 + [4(2 + 1) + 3]} and should derive the
same product of 32. The absence of any sign before or after the grouping symbols
denotes multiplication.
Expression Guide
Note that after completing the operations of numbers inside the parentheses, brackets
or braces, the grouping symbols may be removed to simplify the remaining elements
of the expression.
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What Is It
1) 4 [6 - 1 x (12 - 7) + 12 ÷ 6 x 2] = 20
Expression Guide
Solution:
= 1{2 x 17 + 3} ÷ 1
= 1{34 + 3} ÷ 1
= 1 x 37 ÷ 1
= 37
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What’s More
To test our retention of the knowledge on PMDAS or GMDAS rules, we apply them
in stating and analyzing the sample case described below:
Situation: The school principal asked a group of pupils to join the welcoming team for
5 officials from a regional government office who are visiting the school.
The team was tasked to buy 5 boxes of dried candied squid which will
be apportioned as tokens.
Each box contains 20 small individual packs with each pack weighing 10 grams. The
principal donated 2 additional boxes of dried candied squid that contain
the same number of packs with each pack also weighing 10 grams.
However, at the last minute, the pupils are told to set 1 box aside for other
persons who might be joining the visitors.
If the pupils divide the remaining lot equally to the 5 visitors, how much dried candied
squid expressed in grams will each person receive? State the equivalent
numerical expression.
Solution: First, the pupils need to know the total weight of all the boxes. Initially, there
are a total of 7 boxes, 5 of which I bought plus 2 donated boxes. But they
have to set aside 1 box as instructed so only 6 are made available.
Since there are 20 10-gram packs of dried candied squid inside each box, they have
to multiply 20 by 10 to derive the total weight per box. Then, they
multiply that by 6 to get the total weight of all boxes. Lastly, they have
to divide the total weight by 5.
= [(7 – 1) x 200] ÷ 5
= [6 x 200] ÷ 5
= 1,200 ÷ 5
= 240
Therefore, each visitor will receive 240 grams of dried candied squid.
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What I Have Learned
You have learned that the PMDAS/GMDAS rules are even more useful in
simplifying complex expressions.
What I Can Do
Summary
2. Multiplication and Division: Once parentheses have been dealt with, solve any
multiplication and division in order from left to right.
If any of these elements are missing (for example, we have a math problem without
parentheses), simply skip that step and move on to the next one. We should always
review our work afterwards.
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Assessment: (Post-Test)
I. Let us perform the given operations and find their final values.
a. 4 + 2 – 3 + 5 = __________
b. 15 ÷ 3 – 2 x 2 = __________
c. 84 – 3 x 5 x 2 = __________
d. 69 + 4 - 11 x 6 ÷ 3 = __________
e. 40 x 6 ÷ (9 + 21) = __________
f. 15 – 3 x 12 ÷ (3 + 1) = __________
a. Gina pays 20 pesos for materials to make ice candy. She makes 10 ice
candies and sells 7 for 5 pesos and 3 for 2 pesos. Write a numerical
expression to represent this problem and then find out how much is Gina’s
total profits.
b. John’s father buys him a shirt. The price is 100 pesos but the store gives a
discount of 50 pesos. John’s uncle buys 4 shirts and then share the cost
equally with his brother. Write a numerical expression to represent this
situation and then find the price paid by each brother.
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Key to Answers
Compare our responses in the assessment tools with the correct ones indicated below.
b. (100 - 50) × 4 ÷ 2
= 50 × 4 ÷ 2
= 200 ÷ 2
= 100
The actual price paid by each brother is 100 pesos. This is a trick situation.
References:
Ursua, Alvin C., et, al. 21st Century MATHletes 5. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Group, Inc., 2016.
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