VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Subject : Pavement Analysis, Design & Evaluation.

Subject Code : 13CED038
Academic Year : 2016 – 17
Number of Weeks : {8 + 8} = 16
Number of Hours / week : 3+1=4
Total number of periods planned : 64
Name of the Faculty Member : Dr. A. Ramesh

Course Objectives
 Understand the basic modeling concepts used to analyze flexible and rigid
pavements.
 Appreciate the variables used in the design of rigid pavements.
 Understand the various types materials used for construction of pavement layers.
 Learn to failures of pavements and its treatment measures.

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
CO – 1: The student should appreciate the stress used in designing flexible pavements
CO – 2: Student should explain the design process & its methods involved for analysis of
rigid pavement.
CO – 3: Students shall judge the properties of different materials used for construction of
Pavements.
CO – 4 : Student shall describe the measures to be considered for different failure types
that occur in pavement layers.
UNIT: I
Syllabus:
Some Fundamental of Pavements:
Functions and desirable characteristics of pavements. Types of pavement, Compare
pavement types - flexible & rigid pavements, functions of individual layers, factors
affecting design of pavements – wheel loads – ESWL concept - tyre pressure, contact
pressure, material characteristics - Environmental and other related factors.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:
 Pavement functions & desirable characteristics.
 Types of pavement
 Distinguish of flexible and rigid pavements
 Calculate various design inputs of pavement.
 Identify the characteristics of pavement
 Concept of EWSL, material characteristics & environmental factors.
Lecture Plan

Period
Name of Topic Method of Teaching
No.
1. Introduction to pavement PPT & Black board
2. Pavement functions & desirable characteristics PPT & Black board
3. Types of pavement http://www.pavementinterac
tive.org/category/pavement/
4. Distinguish between flexible and rigid Black Board
pavements

5. Functions of pavement layers Black Board

6. Factors affecting design of pavements – ESWL https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/t
concept vm/1100_LnTse/401_lnTse/
plain/plain.html
7. Problems with ESWL & EAL Black Board
http://www.pavementinterac
tive.org/article/equivalent-
single-axle-load/
8. Contact Pressure – Tyre Pressure Black Board
9. Problems for contact pressure Black Board
10. Material Characteristics PPT
11. Environmental Factors Black Board

Assignment – 1
1) Two closely separated wheels of load 20.5 KN each and tyre pressure 0.7 MPa are
acting on a pavement section. If the two wheels are replaced by a single wheel
with the same tyre pressure, calculate the radius of the tyre imprint (idealized as
circle) of the single wheel.

2) The radius of a tyre imprint is approximated to a circle of 150 mm. What is the
maximum loading duration on a particular point of pavement by a truck moving at
a speed of 60 kmph?

3) Explain the factors affecting design of pavements.

4) Discuss the various types of pavements with neat sketches.

5) Find ESWL at depths of 5cm, 20cm and 40cm for a dual wheel carrying 2044 kg
each. The center to center tyre spacing is 20cm and distance between the walls of
the two tyres is 10cm.
 UNIT: II

Syllabus:
Design of Flexible Pavements– Stress in Flexible pavements – Visco elastic theory and
assumptions. Layered system concepts, Stress solutions for one layer and two layered
systems. Fundamental design concepts, Methods of design of flexible pavements,
AASHTO and IRC method of Pavement design.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Stress in flexible pavement.

 Visco-elastic Theory –layer analysis
 Design of pavements –methods
 IRC & AASHTO method of pavement design
Period
Name of Topic Method of Teaching
No.
12. Stresses in flexible pavement Black board
http://www.pavementinteractive
.org/article/flexible-pavement-
response/
13. Visco- elastic theory and assumptions Black Board & PPT
14. Layered system concepts. Black Board
www.pavementinteractive.org/a
rticle/flexible-pavement-
mechanistic-models/
15. Stress solutions for one layers Black Board
16. Problems on one layer theory
17. Stress solutions for Two & Three layer Black Board
https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~kv
krao/uploads/5/9/3/7/59372049/
ce742lec4.pdf
18. Numerical problems for two layer Black Board
19. Numerical problems for three layers
20. Methods of flexible pavement design PPT
21. IRC approach of flexible pavement design Black Board
22. Numerical problem on pavement design – IRC Black Board
23. AASHTO method of pavement design Black Board & PPT
24. Numerical problem on pavement design –
Black Board
ASSHTO method
25. Compare IRC & AASHTO method of
Black Board & PPT
pavement design
Assignment – 2
1. Explain the stress in flexible pavements
2. Explain the concepts of visco elastic theory
3. A plate bearing test using 750 mm diameter rigid plate was made on a sub-grade
as well as on 254 mm of gravel base course. The unit load required to cause
settlement of 5 mm was 69 kPa and 276 kPa, respectively. Determine the required
thickness of base course to sustain a 222.5 kN tyre, 690 kPa pressure and maintain
a deflection of 5 mm.
4. Given the three layer system shown in figure, determine all the stresses and
strains at the two interfaces on the axis of symmetry.

5. Explain design procedure of IRC & AASHTO method of flexible pavement.

6. It is proposed to widen an existing 2-lane National Highway section to 4-lane
divided road. Design the pavement for new carriageway with the following data
as per IRC: 37-2001
i) Initial traffic in each direction in the year of
Completion of construction = 5000 CV/day.
ii) Design life = 10 years /15 years
iii) Design CBR of sub-grade soil = 4.5%
iv)Traffic growth rate = 8%
v) Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) = 4.0 (standard axles per CV)

UNIT: III
Syllabus:
Design of Rigid Pavement:
Stress in rigid pavements - Radius of relative stiffness of slab, modulus of sub-grade
reaction – stresses due to warping, stresses due to loads, stresses due to friction-
westergard’s theory of stress- IRC method of rigid pavement design - Importance of
joints; Types of joints – use of tie bar and dowel bars - AASHTO method of design.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Calculate stresses in rigid pavement at three critical locations due to wheel load,
friction and temperature effect.
 Importance of joints in rigid pavement,
 Design of rigid pavement based on IRC and AASHTO method.
Period
Name of Topic Method of Teaching
No.
26. Stress in rigid pavement Black board
https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~
kvkrao/uploads/5/9/3/7/5937
2049/ce742lec_8_11.pdf
27. Radius of Relative stiffness of slab Black Board & PPT
28. Modulus of sub-grade reaction Black Board

29. Westergard’s theory & assumptions Black Board

30. Concept of stresses due to wrapping, due to http://www.pavementinterac
load and due to friction tive.org/article/rigid-
pavement-response/
31. Numerical problems for stresses in rigid Black Board
pavement

32. IRC method rigid pavement Black Board

https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/t
vm/1100_LnTse/411_lnTse/
plain/plain.html
33. Numerical problems of IRC method Black Board
34. Types of joints in rigid pavement Black Board
35. Use of dowel & tie bar Black Board & PPT
36. Numerical problems in dowel & tie bar Black Board & PPT
37. Numerical problems in dowel & tie bar Black Board
38. AASHTO method of rigid pavement Black Board & PPT
http://www.pavementinterac
39. AASHTO method of rigid pavement
tive.org/article/1993-aashto-
rigid-pavement-structural-
design/

Assignment -3

1) Explain Westergaard’s analysis of stresses for rigid pavement

2) A concrete slab 7.62 m long, 3.66 m wide and 203 mm thick, is subjected to a
temperature differential of 11.1 oC. Assuming that k = 54.2 MN/m3 and a t =
9×10-6 /oC. Determine the maximum curling stress in the interior, edge and
corner of the slab. Take the radius of contact as a = 152 mm.

3) Compute the radius of relative stiffness of 20 cm thick cement concrete slab from
the following data
 Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 2.1X 105 kg/cm2
Poisson’s ration for concrete = 0.13
Modulus of subgrade reaction = 3.0 kg/cm3; 8.0 kg/cm3

3) Design size and spacing of dowel bars at an expansion joint of concrete pavement
of thickness 20 cm. Given the radius of relative stiffness of 90 cm. design wheel
load 4000 kg. Load capacity of the dowel system is 40 percent of design wheel
load. Joint width is 3.0 cm and the permissible stress in shear, bending and
bearing stress in dowel bars are 1000,1500 and 100 kg / cm2 respectively.

4) Design the length and spacing of tie bars given that the pavement thickness is
20cm and width of the road is 7m with one longitudinal joint. The unit weight of
concrete is 2400 Kg / m3, the coefficient of friction is 1.5, allowable working
tensile stress in steel is 1750 kg / cm2 , and bond stress of deformed bars is 24.6
kg / cm2

5) Describe IRC guide lines for rigid pavement design.

6) Find the allowable joint spacing of dowelled and undowelled contraction joints
for the following data based on joint opening criteria: Allowable joint opening for
dowelled joints: 6.4 mm Allowable joint opening for undowelled joints: 1.3 mm
DT = 33 oC; a t = 9.9 ×10-6 /oC; e = 1.0×10-4; C = 0.65

7) Design a dowel bar system for cement concrete slab for the following conditions:
i) Design wheel load = 4100 kg
ii) Design load transfer = 40%
iii) Slab thickness = 20 cm
iv) Joint width = 2.0 cm
v) Permissible flexural stress in dowel bar = 1400 kg/cm2
vi) Permissible shear stress in dowel bar = 1000 kg/cm2
vii) Permissible bearing stress in concrete = 100 kg/cm2
viii) Modulus of subgrade reaction = 8 kg/cm3
ix) Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 2.1X 105 kg/cm2
x) Poisson’s ration for concrete = 0.15

8) Explain the design process of continuously reinforced cement concrete pavement

UNIT: IV
Syllabus:
Highway Material Construction Aspects:
Highway Materials - Soil, Aggregate and bitumen, Aggregate Properties and their
importance - test on bitumen- Bitumen Concrete –Requirements of marshal method of
mix design – blending of aggregates, Bituminous mixes, highway construction-
Construction of Earth roads – Gravel Roads – WBM Roads- Bituminous Pavement.
Cement Concrete Pavements- Steps in Construction – Reinforced Concrete Pavements –
Soil – cement stabilization and soil – lime stabilization.
Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Soil, Aggregate and Bitumen.

 Quality Test on bituminous materials.
 Importance of Highway materials.
 Bituminous mixes
 Earth, Gravel, WBM & Bitumen Roads.
 Construction steps in Cement concrete and bitumen roads.
 Reinforced Concrete Pavements
 Cement stabilization and soil lime stabilization.

Lecture Plan
Period
Name of Topic Method of Teaching
No.
40. Importance of highway materials Black board
41. Physical properties of aggregate & importance Black Board
https://www.google.co.in/?g
fe_rd=cr&ei=bIdTWOGyE7
TT8gfv17T4Dw#q=highwa
y+materials+aggregates+test
+
42. Bitumen Properties and grading Black Board

43. Marshal Method of mix design Black Board

http://www.pavementinterac
tive.org/article/marshall-
mix-design/
44. Marshal Method of mix design https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/t
vm/1100_LnTse/404_lnTse/
plain/plain.html
45. Numerical problems for Marshal Method of Black Board
mix design

46. Highway constructions importance Black Board

47. Construction of WBM, earth roads Black Board & PPT
48. Construction of Bituminous pavements
Black Board
49. Construction of cement concrete pavement Black Board & PPT
50. Reinforcement of cement concrete pavement Black Board & PPT
www.fhwa.dot.gov/paveme
nt/concrete/pubs/hif12039/
hif12039.pdf
51. Methods of soil stabilization Black Board
 52. Soil – cement stabilization
Black Board & PPT
53. Soil – lime stabilization

Assignment -4

1) What are the various tests for judging the suitability of road stones? Discuss the
objects of carrying out each of these tests and their advantages and limitations.

2) Discuss the desirable properties of bitumen. Compare Bitumen and Tar.

3) Give the standards prescribed by the IRC and MORTH for aggregate tests and
also for bitumen tests.

4) Explain the test procedure of marshal method of mix design.

5) Explain how resilient modulus test is conducted on bounded mixes

6) Explain the test on CBR & modulus of sub-grade reaction of soil

7) Explain how soil – cement stabilization is performed on sub-grade layers.

UNIT: V
Syllabus:
Pavement Evaluation:
Need for highway maintenance – pavement failures in flexible pavements – types and
causes – rigid pavement failures – types and causes – pavement evaluation – Benkleman
Beam method –strengthening of existing pavements –Overlays, IRC method of overlay
design, importance of profile correction course.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Need for highway maintenance.

 Flexible pavement failures – Types and causes.
 Rigid pavement failures – Types and causes.
 Overlay Design- concepts.
 Benkleman Beam method.
 Importance of profile correction course.
Lecture Plan
Period
Name of Topic Method of Teaching
No.
54. Failures in flexible pavements Black board
55. Causes and treatment measures in flexible Black Board
pavements http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10
5101087/19-
Ltexhtml/p7/p.html
56. Types and causes in rigid pavement failures Black Board
http://www.asphaltinstitute.
org/asphalt-pavement-
distress-summary/
57. Pavement evaluation techniques Black Board
58. Importance of strengthening of pavements Black Board
http://www.pavementinterac
tive.org/article/existing-
surface-preparation-for-
overlays/
59. Concept of overlays Black Board
https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~
kvkrao/uploads/5/9/3/7/5937
2049/ce742lec_21.pdf
60. Benkelman Beam deflection method – Overlay
Black Board
design
61. Benkelman Beam deflection method – Overlay
Black Board & PPT
design
62. IRC method for overlay design Black Board
63. Numerical problem on overlay design Black Board
64. Importance of profile corrective course Black Board & PPT
Extra Topics
65. Fatigue life determination for flexible Black Board & PPT
pavements http://www.pavementinterac
66. Rutting & Stripping importance in pavements tive.org/article/flexible-m-e-
failure-criteria/

Assignment -5
1. Explain the need for highway maintenance.
2. Explain the types and causes of flexible and rigid pavements.
3. Explain the procedure of BBD test as per IRC 81
4. Explain the importance of profile correction course.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Highway Engineering by S. K. Khanna & C. E. G. Justo; Nemchand & Brothers,
Roorkee (2000)
2. Principles & Practices of Highway Engineering by L.R. Kadiyali & Dr. N.B.Lal
– Khanna Publishers (2003)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Transportation Engineering by Partha Chakroborty & Aminesh
Das; Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. Principles of Pavement Design – Yoder & Wit Zorac – Jhonwilley & Sons
3. Principles of Pavement Design Yang H. Huang second edition Pearson hall
publications

REFERENCE CODES:
1. IRC: 37 – 2001 Guidelines for Design of Flexible Pavements (Second Revision).
The Indian Road Congress 2001
2. IRC: 58 – 2002 Guidelines for Design of Plain & Jointed Cement Concrete
Pavements. The Indian Road Congress
3. IRC: 81 – 1984 Guidelines for Design of Overlays by Benkelman Beam
Deflection method. The Indian Road Congress
4. Ministry of Surface Road Transport (MOST): Specifications for Road and Bridge
Works (Third Revision). Published by Indian Road Congress 2000.
5. All Relevant ASTM & IRC specifications of Mix Design & Test on Road
materials.
6. Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot-Mix Types. Manual
Series No. 2 (MS-2). Asphalt Institute
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IV B. Tech (Civil Engineering) II – Semester

Subject : Construction Technology and Project
Management
Subject Code : 13CED040
Academic Year : 2016 – 17
Number of Weeks : {7 + 6} = 13
Number of Hours / week :5
Total number of periods planned : 65
Name of the Faculty Member : T.SrinivasaRao

UNIT: I

Syllabus:
Fundamentals of construction Technology – Construction activities – process –
construction schedule – construction records – documents – quality – safety – codes and
regulations

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Understand what is construction technology

 Explain what are different construction activities and processes
 Understand what is construction schedule
 Learn how to prepare construction records and documents
 Understand the importance of quality, safety in construction.

Period Title of topic Method of teaching

No
1 Overview of syllabus Black board, Video, PPT

2 Fundamentals of construction technology Blackboard, PPT

3 Fundamentals of construction technology Blackboard, PPT

4 Construction activities Blackboard, PPT

 5 Construction process Blackboard, , PPT
6 Construction Schedule Blackboard

7 Construction records, documents PPT

8 Quality safety codes and regulations Power point

9 Quality safety codes and regulations Power point

Assignment – 1

1. Explain the fundamentals of construction technology?

2. What are various construction activities?
3. What are construction documents?
4. Explain how construction schedule is prepared?
5. Explain about safety, rules and regulations in construction.

UNIT II

Construction method – earthwork – piling – concrete and concreting – formwork –

fabrication and erection - Mechanised construction – construction equipment – equipment
economics – excavators – Rollers – Dozers – Scrapers – Handling equipment – concrete
equipment – cranes – draglines and clamshalls
Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:
 Explain what are different construction methods
1. Explain what is mechanized construction
2. Explain what are various construction equipment
 Explain what are various handling equipment

Lecture Plan

Period Title of the topic Method of teaching

No
10 Construction method PPT
11 Earth work PPT
12 Piling PPT
13 Concrete and concreting PPT
14 Form work PPT
15 Fabrication and erection PPT
16 Mechanized construction PPT
17 Construction equipment PPT
18 Equipment economics PPT
19 Excavators PPT
20 Rollers PPT
21 Dozers PPT
22 Scrapers PPT
23 Handling equipment PPT
24 Concrete equipment PPT
25 Cranes PPT
26 Draglines and clamshells PPT

Assignment - 2

1. Explain clearly about earth work and piling processes?

2. Explain in detail about construction equipment?

3. Explain about different handling equipment?

4. Write a note on fabrication and erection?

UNIT: III

Quality control, Assurance and safety – ISO – 9000 – quality systems – principles on
safety – personnel, fire and electrical safety – environment protection – concept of green
building.
Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Understand what is quality control

 Understand about assurance and safety
 Know what are different IRS quality systems and principles of safety
 Understand the concept of green building and environment protection

Lecture Plan

Period Title of the topic Method of teaching

No

27 Quality control Black board, PPT

28 Quality control PPT
29 Assurance and safety –ISO 900 Black board, PPT
30 ISO 900, Quality systems Black board
31 Principles on safety Black board
32 Personnel PPT
33 Fire and electrical safety PPT
34 Environmental protection Black board, PPT

35 Concept of green building PPT

36 Concept of green building PPT
37 Revision Discussion Session

Assignment – 3

1. What is Quality control? Explain

2. What are different principles of safety?
3. Write a note on green building?
4. Write in detail about ISO 900 and safety systems?
5. Explain the importance of environment protection in construction management?
 UNIT: IV

Contract management – project estimation – types of estimation – contract document –

classification – bidding – procurement process - Construction planning – project planning
techniques – planning of manpower, material, equipment and finance

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to
 Understand what is construction management
 Should be able to perform estimation of projects
 Understand what are contract documents and bidding
 Explain different project planning techniques
 Plan material, manpower and equipment and finance

Lecture Plan:
Period Title of the Topic Teaching method
No
38 Contract management Black board
39 Project estimation Black board
40 Project estimation Black board
41 Types of estimation Black board, PPT
42 Contract document –classification Black board
43 Bidding Black board
44 Procurement process PPT
45 Construction planning PPT
46 Project planning techniques PPT
47 Planning of man power, material PPT
48 Planning of man equipment, finance PPT, Black board
49. Planning of man equipment, finance PPT

Assignment – 4:
1. What a contract document? Give classification
2. Explain process of bidding.
3. Explain how material and manpower are managed
4. Explain the process of project estimation?

UNIT - V
Project scheduling – PERT – CPM, Resource leveling - Construction claims, Dispute and
project closure – source of claim – claim management – Dispute Resolution – Arbitration
– Construction Closure – Contract Closure – Documentation

Learning Objectives:

After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

 Understand what is project scheduling

 Understand CPM and PERT concepts
 Understand Resource leveling is done
 Understand disputes are resolved
 Explain about arbitration, contract and construction closure

Lecture Plan

Period Title of the topic Teaching Method

No
50 Project Scheduling PPT

51 PERT PPT

52 CPM PPT

53 Problems PPT
54 Resource leveling PPT

55 Construction claims PPT

56 Dispute and project closure PPT

57 source of claim PPT

58 claim management PPT

59 Dispute Resolution PPT

60 Arbitration PPT

61 Construction Closure PPT

62 Contract Closure PPT

63 Documentation PPT

64 Revison PPT

65 Revision PPT

Assignment – V

1. What are is project scheduling? Explain

2. Write in detail about PERT and CPM?

3. How disputes are resolved in construction management?
4. Write about contract closure and documentation?
5. Explain how resource leveling is done in construction management

TEXT BOOK:
1. Construction Technology by Subir K.Sarkar, Subhajit Saraswati / Oxford
University Press
2. Construction Project Management – Theory and Practice, Niraj kumar jha,
Pearson Education
REFERENCE BOOKS:
4. Construction Planning Equipment and Methods by Peurifacy, Schexnayder,
Sharpira TMH
5. Project Planning and Control with PERT and CPM – B.C. Punmia,
K.K.Khandelwala – Laxmi Publication.of GIS by Mechanical designs John Wiley
& Sons
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Academic Plan : 2016- 2017
Class & Semester : IV B.Tech - I Semester
Branch : Civil Engineering
Subject : Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings
Subject Code : 13CED044
Number of Weeks : 16
Number of Hours / week :5
Number of periods planned : 60
Name of the Faculty : A.Jyothirmai

UNIT – I
Syllabus :
Engineering Seismology : Earthquake phenomenon - Causes of earthquakes – Theories
on Earthquake causes - Plate tectonics – Seismic waves – Magnitude and Intensity of an
earthquake – Energy released – Earthquake measuring instruments – Seismograph,
Accelerograph – Seismic zones of India.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of unit, the student will be able to
 Understand what is an earthquake
 Know the causes and effects of Earthquake
 Know the various terms associated with earthquakes
 Distinguish between Magnitude and Intensity of an earthquake
 Know the earthquake measuring instruments
 Know the seismic zonation map of India

Lecture Plan:
Period Description of the Topic No. of Method of
Hrs. Teaching
1 Introduction to Engineering Seismology 1 Black Board,
PPT, Video
2 Earthquake phenomenon, Causes and effects of 1 PPT, Black
earthquakes Board
3,4 Theories on earthquake causes, Plate Tectonics , Seismic 2 PPT, Video
waves
5 Epicenter, Hypocenter, Magnitude and Intensity of 1 Black Board
earthquakes
 6 Energy released, Classification of earthquakes 1 Black Board
7,8 Earthquake measuring instruments, Seismic zones of 2 PPT, Black
India Board
9 Revision of UNIT-1 1 Black Board

Video links:
 http://www.history.com/topics/1906-san-francisco-earthquake/videos/mega-
disasters-san-francisco-earthquake
 http://www.earthquakereduction.com/earthquakes-plate-tectonics.html
 https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/developing.html
 http://www.powershow.com/view/11d30d-
ZGFkY/Seismic_Waves_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0AEtX-uPLA

Assignment:
1) What is intensity and magnitude of earthquakes?
2) What are the various causes of Earthquakes? Explain in detail.
3) What are the characteristics of seismic waves? Sketch these waves.
4) Explain the “Elastic rebound theory” of earthquake generation.
5) What are Plate Tectonics? List the major plates of the world.
UNIT – II
Syllabus:
Theory of Vibrations : Elements of a vibrating system – Degrees of Freedom –
Continuous system – Lumped mass idealization – Oscillatory motion – Free vibration of
single degree of freedom (SDOF) system – undamped, damped and critical damping –
Logarithmic decrement – Forced vibrations of SDOF- harmonic loading.
Learning Objectives:
After the completion of unit the student will be able to
 Know about d.o.f.
 Know the various methods of idealization
 Understand the concept of SHM
 Derive equations of motion for undamped free vibrations
 Derive equations of motion for damped free vibrations
 Understand the concept of forced vibrations

Lecture Plan:
Period Description of the Topic No. of Method of
Hrs. Teaching
10 Introduction to Theory of vibrations 1 Black Board,
PPT
11 Elements of vibrating system, D.O.F ; Lumped 1 Black Board
mass system, Continuous mass system
12 Oscillatory motion, SHM 1 Black Board,
Video
13,14 Free vibration of SDOF system - Undamped 2 Black Board
15,16,17 Free vibration of SDOF system – Damped and 3 Black Board
Critical Damping, Logarithmic Decrement
18,19 Forced vibrations of SDOF- Harmonic Loading 2 Black Board
20 Revision of UNIT-2 1 Black Board

Video links:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jlzo8OzoZ_c&t=2601s

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMw6G0lwzIo

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZLikyueBUk&t=1634s

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_Y7a9K-XTA

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JtOjOolbMY

Assignment:
1) A vibrating system consists of weight 100N and a spring with stiffness 25N/mm is
viscously damped so that the ratio of two consecutive amplitudes is 1.00 to
0.85.Determine
(a) The natural frequency of the undamped system
(b) The logarithmic decrement
(c) Damping ratio
(d) The damping coefficient
(e) Damped natural frequency
2) Derive the equation of motion for undamped free vibrations of an SDOF system.
3) Derive the equation of motion for damped free vibrations of an SDOF system.
4) Write a short note on forced vibrations.

UNIT – III
Syllabus:
Conceptual Design : Introduction to functional planning – Continuous load path –
Overall form – simplicity and symmetry – elongated shapes – stiffness and strength –
Horizontal and vertical members – Twisting of buildings – Flexible buildings – framing
systems – unconfined concrete and confined concrete – reinforcing steel – lateral load
resisting systems-irregularities in buildings..
Learning Objectives:
After the completion of unit the student will be able to
 Understand the principles of planning
 Know the load transfer, form and shape
 Know why a building twists?
 Know the various types of construction materials
 Know the various types of lateral load resisting systems
 Understand various irregularities in buildings

Lecture Plan:

Period Description of the Topic No. of Method of

Hrs. Teaching
21 Introduction to Conceptual Design 1 PPT
22 Functional planning, Continuous load path 1 Black Board
23 Overall Form, Elongated Shape, Stiffness and 1 Black Board
Strength
24 Twisting of buildings, Flexible buildings, Framing 1 Black Board,
systems PPT, Video
25 Unconfined, Confined concrete, Reinforcing steel 1 PPT
26 Lateral load resisting systems 1 Black Board
27,28 Irregularities in buildings 2 Black Board,
PPT

29 Revision of UNIT-3 1 Black Board

Video links:
 http://www.slideshare.net/javeduet/module-2-53880998

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lPIa9zcCIk

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQQGHpAszNc&t=3s

 http://theconstructor.org/earthquake/how-buildings-twist-during-
earthquakes/2984/

 http://www.slideshare.net/javeduet/module-2-53880998
Assignment:
1. What are the various principles involved in functional planning?

2. How architectural features affect buildings during earthquakes?

3. How buildings twist during earthquakes?

4. Explain the various types of lateral load resisting systems.

5. Discuss the various irregularities in buildings.

UNIT- IV
Syllabus :
Basic assumptions, Principles in earthquake resistant designs – Permissible stresses –
Seismic methods of analysis based on IS: 1893 – Equivalent lateral force method –
Dynamic analysis – Response Spectrum Method – Time History Method.

Learning Objectives:
After completion of unit the student will be able to
 Know the assumptions made in the analysis
 Know the Principles involved in Seismic design
 Calculate the design earthquake loads, load combinations
 Understand seismic coefficient method based on IS:1893 codal procedures
 Understand Equivalent lateral force Method
 Understand response spectrum method and time-history analysis

Lecture Plan:

Period Description of the Topic No. of Method of

Hrs. Teaching
30 Basic Assumptions in Design, Permissible stresses 1 Black Board
31,32 Principles of earthquake resistant design of RC members 2 Black Board,
PPT
33 Design earthquake loads, Load combinations 1 Black Board
34 IS 1893 code based methods for seismic design 1 Black Board,
PPT
35,36,37 Seismic coefficient method 3 Black Board,
PPT
38,39 Equivalent force Method 2 Black Board,
 PPT
40,41,42 Response spectrum method 3 Black Board, PPT

43,44,45 Time History Method 3 Black Board, PPT

46 Revision of UNIT-4 1 Black Board

Video links:
 http://www.slideshare.net/Malay19/eqe-33323653

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7aG25MasNM

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQQGHpAszNc&t=146s

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIkjs5ikKMA&t=25s

Assignment :
1. What are the various principles of earthquake resistant design of RC members ?

2. Explain the various IS code based methods of analysis.

3. Explain the response spectrum method of analysis

4. Explain the seismic coefficient method of analysis.
5. Explain the Equivalent lateral force method.

UNIT – V
Syllabus:
Ductility Considerations : Earthquake resistant design of RC buildings – Impact of
ductility – Requirements for ductility – Assessment of ductility – Factors affecting
ductility – Ductile detailing considerations as per IS 13920 - Behaviour of beams,
columns and joints in RC buildings during earthquakes – Vulnerability of open ground
storey and short columns during earthquakes.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of unit the student will be able to
 Know ductility relations, factors affecting ductility
 Understand the ductile detailing provisions as per IS:13920
 Know how beams, columns behave during earthquakes
  Know why open ground storey and short columns are vulnerable to
earthquakes

Lecture Plan:

Period Description of the Topic No. of Method of

Hrs. Teaching
47,48 Ductility considerations in earthquake resistant design 2 PPT
of RC buildings

49 Impact of ductility, Requirements for ductility 1 PPT

50 Assessment of ductility, Factors affecting Ductility 1 Black Board,

PPT
51,52 Ductile detailing considerations as per IS 13920 2 Black Board

53,54,55 Behaviour of beams, columns and joints in RC buildings 3 PPT, Video

56,57 Vulnerability of open ground storey and short columns 2 PPT

58 Revision of UNIT – 5 1 Black Board

59,60 Overall Revision of all Units 2 Black Board

Video links:
 http://www.slideshare.net/VikrantSharma27/mittal-ppt

 http://www.slideshare.net/Malay19/eqe-33323653

 http://www.slideshare.net/binay2020/ductile-detailing-44834640-ductile detailing
of RC buildings

Assignment :
1. How do earthquakes affect RC buildings ?

2. How do beams, columns, beam-column joints in RC buildings resist earthquakes ?

3. Why are open ground storey buildings vulnerable in earthquakes ?

4. Why are short columns more damaged during earthquakes ?

TEXT BOOKS
1. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures-S.K.Duggal,Oxford University Press.

2. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures- Pankaj Agarwal and Manish

Shirkhande,Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings- T.Paulay and M.J.N
Pristly, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Earthquake tips- Learning Earthquake Design and Construction- C.V.R.Murthy

REFERENCE CODES
1. IS: 1893(Part-1)-2002,” Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”,
B.I.S., New Delhi.

2. IS: 13920-1993.”Ductile detailing of Concrete Structures subjected to seismic force”-

guidelines, B.I.S., New Delhi.
V.N.R. VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Bachupally, Nizampet (S.O.), Hyderabad-500 090
IV B.TECH. II SEMESTER
ACADEMIC PLAN
SUBJECT: TRAFFIC ENGINEERING; SUBJECT CODE: CED1133

Academic Year : 2016-17 No. Of weeks : 16

Branch : Civil Engineering Lecture Periods Per Week : 64
Faculty Member : Sadhu S L N Sarma

UNIT-I

Basic traffic characteristics - Speed, volume and concentration. Relationship between

Flow, Speed and Concentration Volume Studies - Objectives, Methods; Speed studies -
Objectives: Definition of Spot Speed, time mean speed and space mean speed; Methods
of conducting speed studies.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of all learning activities provided in the unit the student will be able to:
 Understand meanings of speed, volume and concentration
 Relate between Flow, Speed and Concentration
 List objectives of volume and speed studies and their importance
 Conduct volume and speed studies in different methods
 Differentiate between various speeds like spot speed, time mean speed and space
mean speed

Lecture plan:

Period Method of
Name of Topic
no. Teaching
1 PPT
Introduction of basic traffic characteristics like
2 Black Board
speed, volume and concentration
Relationship between Flow, Speed and Black Board &
3
Concentration PPT
Objectives of volume and speed studies and their Black Board &
4
importance PPT
Black Board &
5-8 Methods on conducting volume and speed studies
PPT
Spot speed, time mean speed and space mean Black Board &
9-11
speed PPT

Assignments:
1. Give the relation between basic traffic characteristics with a neat sketch.
2. Define spot speed.
3. Differentiate between time means speed and space mean speed.
 4. What are the various methods in conducting volume studies and explain them?

UNIT-II
Speed Studies: Methods of conducting speed studies; Presentation of speed study data;
Head ways and Gaps; Critical Gap; Gap acceptance studies. Highway Capacity and
Level of Service: Basic definitions related to capacity; Level of service concept; Factors
affecting capacity and level of service; Computation of capacity and level of service for
two lane highways Multilane highways and freeways.
Learning Objectives
After completion of all learning activities provided in the unit the student will be able to:
 Conduct speed studies in different methods
 Comprehend the principles of headways and gaps
 Understand the concept of level of service and factors affecting capacity and level
of service
 Compute capacity and level of service for two lane highways
 Compute capacity and level of service for multi-lane highways
 Compute capacity and level of service for freeways

Lecture plan:
Period Method of
Name of Topic
No. Teaching
12 Different methods of conducting speed studies Black Board
Black Board &
Video:
Headways and Gaps; Critical Gap; Gap
13-15 https://www.youtu
acceptance studies
be.com/watch?v=r
Ylz92wTK6c
16 Factors affecting capacity and level of service Black Board
Computation of capacity and level of service
17-18 Black Board
for two lane highways
Computation of capacity and level of service
19-20 Black Board
for multi-lane highways
Computation of capacity and level of service
20-21 Black Board
for freeways

Assignments:
1. Explain the various methods for conducting speed studies.
2. Explain the factors affecting capacity and level of service.
3. What are the steps to be followed while calculating the LOS for a multi-lane
highway?

UNIT-III

Parking Studies and Analysis: Types of parking facilities - on street parking and off
street Parking facilities; Parking studies and analysis. Traffic Safety: Accident studies
and analysis; Causes of accidents - The Road, The vehicle, The road user and the
Environment; Engineering, Enforcement and Education measures for the prevention of
accidents.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of all learning activities provided in the unit the student will be able to:
 Differentiate different types of parking facilities
 Will be able to understand the concepts of on-street and off-street parking
facilities
 Carry out parking studies and analysis
 Carry out accident studies and analysis
 Analyze the causes of accidents
 Comprehend the three EEE’s

Lecture plan:

Period No. Name of Topic Method of Teaching

22 Types of parking facilities Black Board
23 On street parking facilities Black Board &
Video Link:
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=YMu4
DHThi4Y
24-25 Off street parking facilities Black Board & Video
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=aRLA1
p5fGjQ
26-28 Parking studies and analysis Black Board
29 Accident studies and analysis Black Board
30 Causes of accidents Black Board
31-33 Three EEE’s Black Board & PPT
34 Measures for the prevention of accidents Black Board

Assignments:
a) Explain different types of parking facilities.
b) Explain different types of on-street parking facilities with neat sketches.
c) Explain different types of off-street parking facilities with neat sketches.
d) What are the different types of parking studies and tell how that can solve the
parking problems?
e) What is the importance of three EEE’s in accidents?
f) What are the different measures to be adopted for decreasing the accidents?

UNIT-IV
Traffic Control and Regulation: Traffic Signals - Design of Isolated Traffic Signal by
Webster method, Warrants for signalization, Signal Co-ordination methods,
Simultaneous, Alternate, Simple progression and Flexible progression Systems.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of all learning activities provided in the unit the student will be able to:
 Identify various types of traffic signals
 Design isolated traffic signal by Webster method
 Understand warrants for signalization
 Comprehend different types of signal co-ordination methods
Lecture plan:
Period No. Name of Topic Method of Teaching
35-36 Traffic Signals- Introduction Black Board & PPT
37-41 Design of Isolated Traffic Signal by Black Board
Webster method
42-44 Warrants for signalization Black Board
45-46 Signal Co-ordination methods PPT
47 Alternate systems PPT
48 Simple progression PPT
49 Flexible progression Systems PPT

Assignments:
a) Define traffic signal and explain different types of traffic signals.
b) At what situations we should go for traffic signals?
c) Write the design method for designing a traffic signal.
d) Give the warrants for signalization.
e) Explain different types of traffic signal coordination methods?

UNIT-V
Traffic and Environment: Detrimental effects of Traffic on Environment; Air pollution;
Noise Pollution; Measures to curtail environmental degradation due to traffic.

Learning Objectives:
After completion of all learning activities provided in the unit the student will be able to:
 Discern the detrimental effects of traffic on environment
 Understand the transport-related air pollution
 Understand the transport-related noise pollution
 Comprehend the measures to curtail environmental degradation due to traffic

Lecture plan:
Period No. Name of Topic Method of Teaching
Detrimental effects of Traffic on
50-51 Black Board
Environment
52 Air pollution Black Board & PPT
53 Noise Pollution PPT
54 Vibrations Black Board
55-57 Measures to curtail environmental PPT
degradation due to traffic
58-64 Doubts clarification and revision Black Board
Assignments:
a) What are the detrimental effects of Traffic on Environment?
b) Explain air pollution due to traffic.
c) Explain noise pollution due to traffic.
d) What are the measures to curtail environmental degradation due to traffic?

Text Books
1. Kadiyali L.R. “Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning” - Khanna
Publication, New Delhi
2. Salter RJ and Hounsell NB, “Highway, Traffic Analysis and Design” -
MacMillan Press Ltd., London.
3. Matson T M, Smith W S, Hurd F W, “Traffic Engineering, McGraw Hill
Book Co, NY, USA.
4. Drew D R, “Traffic Flow Theory and Control”, McGraw Hill Book Co, NY,
USA.
5. Wohl and Martin, “Traffic System Analysis of Engineers and Planners” -
Mcgraw Hill Book Co, New York, USA.

References
1. Pignataro , “Traffic Engineering”, John Wiley & sons
2. Nicholas J Garber, Lester A Hoel, “Traffic & Highway Engineering”- Third
edition, Bill Stenquist.
3. IRC: SP:41-1994, IRC SP:31-1992, IRC 43-1994, Indian Roads Congress
4. MoRTH “Type Designs for Intersections on National Highways” - Indian
Roads Congress
5. MORTH “Manual for Road Safety in Road Design”-Indian Roads Congress
6. IRC 3-1983, 9-1972, 62-1976, 64-1990, 65-1976, 66-1976, 67-2001, 69-1977,
70-1977, 73-1980, 79-1981, 80-1981, 86-1983, 92-1985, 93-1985, 99-1988,
102-1988, 103-1988, 106-1990, 110-1996 Indian Roads Congress
7. Khanna and Justo, “Highway Engineering”- Nem Chand and Bros., Roorkee
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IV B.TECH. – II Semester – Civil Engineering

(13CED047) AIR POLLUTION & CONTROL

ACADEMIC PLANNING FOR THE YEAR: 2016 - 17

No. of weeks : 16 Total

No. of periods planned: 60
No. of hrs. Per week: 4 Staff:
Chandana N

UNIT – I:
Air Pollution and its definition – Factors influencing air pollution – Classification of
pollutants particulates – Gases-Sources of pollution – Air qualities standards – effects–
Location of Industries.

Learning objectives:

On successful completion of the unit, the student will be able to

• What is Air pollution
• Realize importance of air pollution
• Factors affecting air pollution
• classification of air pollution
• Memorise air quality standards

TEACHING PLAN:

HOUR NAME OF Method Video links

NO(S) THE of
TOPIC Teachin
g
• Air PPT , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMEb5p
pollution video zY6wI
definition and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8QWzq
Interacti Ss3CU
on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRNPgP
• Factors Interacti BEzfM
influencing on and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nf8cuvl6
air Black 2Vc
pollution board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_sJzVe9
• Classificati Interacti P_8
on of air on and
pollutants Black
 board
• Gaseous Interacti
Air on and
pollutants Black
board
• Particulate Interacti
pollutant on and
Black
board
• Sources of Interacti
air on and
pollution Black
board
• Air quality Interacti
sources on and
Black
board
• Air quality Interacti
standards on and
Black
board
• Effects of Interacti
air polluton on and
Black
board
• Location of Interacti
Industries on and
effect on Black
air board

Assignment-1:
• Defination of Air pollution
• What are the Air quality standards set by the NAQS
• What are different classification and sources of air pollution
• Effect of industries on air pollution

UNIT – II:
Meteorology – Wind roses – lapses rates – mixing depth atmospheric dispersion –
plume behavior accumulation, estimation of pollutants – Effective stack height.

Learning objectives:

After completion of this unit the student will be able to

• Identify, list and explain the metrological parameters which affect air
 • Explain the windrose
• solving of problems on windrose diagram
• How to analyse lapses rate
• mixing depth atmospheric dispersion

TEACHING PLAN:

HOU NAME OF Method Video links

R THE of
NO(S) TOPIC Teaching
• Introduction PPT , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObnWb7yspxA
to video and
Meteorology Interactio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZXGV4NZc
parameters n MA
Definitions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyoVIqk9zpw
• Wind roses PPT , BB
and
Interactio
n
• lapses rates PPT +BB
• mixing PPT +BB
depth
atmospheric
dispersion
• Plume PPT +BB
behavior
accumulatio
n
• estimation PPT +BB
of pollutants
• Effective PPT +BB
stack height.
• Problems on PPT +BB
– Effective
stack height.
• Problems on PPT +BB
stack height

Assignment-2:
• Draw a Windrose diagram
• Design the dispersion model
• Define Adiabatic lapse rate
• How to analyse lapses rate
• Identify, list and explain the metrological parameters which affect air
 UNIT – III: Air Pollution effects on human beings, animals, plants and materials
,global conditions– Air Pollution Episodes in India and abroad.

Learning objectives:
After the completion of this unit, the student will be able to
• Effect of air pollution on human beings
• Effect of air pollution on animals
• Effect of air pollution on plants
• Effect of air pollution on materials
• Effect of air pollution on global conditions
• Episodes of air pollution

TEACHING PLAN:

HOUR NAME OF Method of Video links

NO(S) THE Teaching
TOPIC
• Air PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqxMzKLYrZ4
Pollution +Black https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mpcil0H5Pos
effects on Board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVQxws94Ob8
human https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt1FZSuJW1U
beings
• Air PPT
Pollution +Black
effects on Board
animals
• Air PPT
Pollution +Black
effects on Board
plants
• Air PPT
Pollution +Black
effects on Board
materials
• Air PPT
Pollution +Black
effects on Board
global
conditions
• Episodes of PPT
India +Black
Board
• Episodes of PPT
 other +Black
countries Board

Assignment-3
1. Define Air Pollution effects on human beings
2. Define Air Pollution effects on animals
3. Define Air Pollution effects on plants
4. Define Air Pollution effects on materials
5. Define Air Pollution effects on global conditions
6. Explain different air pollution episodes

UNIT – IV
Control of air pollution – Removal of pollutants – particulate and gaseous – Air
pollution control equipments (units) such as setting chamber, cyclones, wet
scrubbers/collectors, scrubbers, centrifugal scrubbers spary towers, packed beds,
electrostatic precipitators, after burners-absorption – adsorption – Diffusion.

Learning objectives

On completion of this unit, the student should be able to

• Differentiate types of Air pollution
• Understands sources of air pollution and its effect
• Understand the air pollution control methods and devices
• Understand PM
• What are gaseous pollution and control devices
TEACHING PLAN:

NAME OF THE Method Video links

HOU TOPIC of
R Teachin
NO(S) g
• Control of air PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdFpq_5vr
pollution +Black uQ
Board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUXHzYLg
• Removal of PPT rB0
pollutants +Black https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWElwZw
Board wmj0
• particulate and PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfTZUMq-
gaseous pollutants +Black LGI
Board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDC1RRHf
• Air pollution PPT A4g
control +Black
equipments (units) Board
 • setting chamber, PPT
+Black
Board
• cyclones, PPT
+Black
Board
• wet PPT
scrubbers/collecto +Black
rs, Board
• scrubbers, PPT
+Black
Board
• centrifugal PPT
scrubbers spary +Black
towers, Board
• packed beds, PPT
+Black
Board
• electrostatic PPT
precipitators, +Black
Board
• burners PPT
+Black
Board
• absorption PPT
+Black
Board
• adsorption PPT
+Black
Board
• Diffusion PPT
+Black
Board
Assignment: 4
• what are the Control of air pollution
• what are Air pollution control equipments (units)
• what are the controlling devices used for controlling of PM and gaseous

UNIT – V:
Ambient air quality monitoring and stack monitoring. General methods of control of
NO,SO emissions-in plant measures, wet and dry methods of removal and recycling
Learning objectives:

On completion of this unit, the student should be able to

• Differentiate types of Ambient air quality monitoring
 • Understands sources of stack monitoring
• Understand the general methods of control of NO,SO emissions-in plant
measures

TEACHING PLAN:

NAME OF Method Video links

HOU THE of
R TOPIC Teachin
NO(S) g
• Ambient PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZhzXYOUYS
air quality +Black 0
Board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo5WrnxNehI
monitorin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfHfqfcD9kY
g
• stack PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls1RVnS9UsU
monitorin +Black
Board
g

• General PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsR_P-14K0U

methods of +Black
control of Board
NO,SO
emissions-in
plant
measures
• wet and dry PPT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcZHpebRPcs
methods of +Black
removal and Board
recycling
Assignment: 5

• what are Ambient air quality monitoring

• what is stack monitoring
• what are the General methods of control of NO,SO emissions-in plant measures