Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics
Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics
Workbook Answers: Aqa Gcse Physics
ANSWERS
AQA GCSE
Physics
• Paper 1
• Paper 2
This ‘document provides suggestions for some of the possible answers that might be
given for the questions asked in the workbook. They are not exhaustive and other
answers may be acceptable – they are intended as a guide to give teachers and
students feedback.
Energy
Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after
such changes
Energy stores and systems
1
What would increase the
Process Example
energy change?
Heating Using a Bunsen flame to heat a Heating for longer; higher
beaker of water [1] temperature flame [1]
Work being Lifting an object upwards with your Increasing the height lifted
done by a force arms [1] through, increasing the weight
of the object [1
Work being When an electric current powers an Increasing the height the object is
done by an electric motor that lifts an object lifted through or the weight of the
electric current object lifted
2
Description of energy store Equation
The energy stored by an object off the ground in a 1
gravitational field Ek = mv 2
2
The energy stored by a moving object Ep = mgh
Changes in energy
3
Original
Rearrangements
equation
Ep Ep
Ep = mgh h = Epmg h= m=
mg hg
DE m DE
ΔE = mcΔθ Dq = Dq = c=
mc DEc mDq
1 2Ek 2Ek 2Ek
Ek = mv 2 v2 = v= v=
2 m m m
[1] for each correctly crossed out answer – deduct marks for correct
equations crossed out
mass J e
speed N/kg k
energy °C m
temperature change kg g
spring constant m v
extension N/m Δθ
6
A small metal block with a temperature of
200°C is placed in a large bowl of water An ice cube is placed into a warm beaker
with a temperature of 10°C
• The temperature of the metal block • The temperate of the ice cube
decreases increases (causing it to melt)
• The temperature of the water • The temperature of the glass
increases decreases
• The amount of thermal energy in the • The thermal energy of the ice/water
metal block decreases increases
• The amount of thermal energy in the • The thermal energy of the glass
water decreases decreases
• The increase matches the decrease • They change by the same amount
Power
7 joule (J); [1] second (s); [1] watt (W) [1]
8
Rank: 3 Rank: 1 Rank: 2 Rank: 4
Work done: 4000 J Work done: 3000 J Work done: 13 000 J Work done: 15 kJ
Time taken: 20 s Time taken: 10 s Time taken: 1 minute Time taken: 2 minutes
9
Work done Time taken (s) Power (W)
(J)
12 20 0.6
10 10 1.0
800 40 20
600 20 30
11 Table:
Total energy Useful energy
Efficiency Efficiency %
input output
500 J 325 J 0.65 65%
4.0 kJ 1.6 kJ 0.40 40%
Wind
R E U Visually unpleasant, sometimes noisy
power
Hydro-
R E R Floods large amounts of land
electricity
Only works in certain areas where
Geothermal R EH R rocks are hot near the Earth’s
surface
Exam-style questions
13 gravitational potential; [1] kinetic; [1] elastic potential; [1] (allow thermal)
1
b Ek = mv 2 = 0.5 ´ 0.80 ´ 252 [1] = 250 J [1]
2
b 0.8 J [1]
2E
c Rearrangement such as k = [1] to give k = 40 [1] N/m [1]; allow any
e2
valid method to reach the answer
b Selection of equation from data sheet ΔE = mcΔθ [1] giving E = 1000 [1]
J [1] or 1 [1] kJ [1]
DE
b Dq = [1] = 0.4(3)°C [1]; allow valid alternative techniques
mc
18 a Ep = mgh [1] = 400 × 9.8 × 30 = 118 kJ [1]; allow 117 600 J or 117.6 kJ
E 118
b P= [1] = =1.97 [1] kW [1] ; allow e.c.f. or 1970 W
t 60
1970
c Recall and use the equation efficiency = [1] = 0.78(9) [1]
2500
E 17.6
19 a Ep = mgh [1] = 600 × 9.8 × 3.0 = 17.6 kJ [1]; t = = = 4.40 s [1]
P 4.0
b The lift is heavier so more work needs to be done [1] but the power
rating is the same so a longer time is needed [1]
4
Charge Current Time
52.5 C 3.5 A 15 s
1.2 C 20 mA 1 min
32 C 0.27 A 120 s
300 μC 0.75 mA 0.40 s
7 The resistance of the wire is directly proportional to the length; [1] each 10
cm has a resistance of 2.0 ohms [1]
Resistors
8 Wire: A, B, F; Lamp: A, B, C; Diode: D, E
[1] for each correctly placed letter
correct thermistor symbol; [1] ammeter in series; [1] voltmeter in parallel [1]
10, 11
Stage
1 Pour some boiling water from a kettle into a beaker
7 Repeat from stage 5
5 Record the temperature, the current in the resistor and the potential difference across
it
3 Place the thermistor in the beaker of water
4 Wait for 1 minute until the thermistor reaches the same temperature as the water
2 Connect the thermistor into the circuit
6 Allow the water to cool for three minutes
8 Calculate the resistance for each temperature
9 Plot a graph of resistance against temperature
[1] for each stage number; [1] for each stage description
AQA GCSE Workbook 7
© Darren Forbes 2018 Hodder Education
12 The mains power supply can be dangerous with water [1]
14
[1] for correct lamp symbol; [1] for ammeter; [1] for voltmeter;
[1] for variable resistor]
16
Statement S/P Statement S/P
The potential difference across The total resistance is less than the
P P
the components is the same resistance of the smallest resistor
The total potential difference of the
The total current in the circuit is
power supply is the same as the sum
the sum of the current through P S
of the potential differences of the two
the two components
components
The same current passes The total resistance is the sum of all
S S
through each component the resistors
Mains electricity
20
21 a Live: [1] carries the alternating pd from the supply to the device [1]
b Neutral: [1] completes the circuit [1]
c Earth: [1] acts as a safety wire to prevent the device becoming live [1]
Energy transfers
Power
23
Power Potential Current Resistance
12 W difference
6.0 V 2.0 A 3.0 Ω
30 W 9.0 V 3.3 A 2.7 Ω
9.0 mW 1.5 V 6.0 mA 250 Ω
5.2 kW 230 V 22.6 A 10.2 Ω
26
Device pd Current Time used Energy
Battery power torch 9.0 V 1.2 A 30 seconds transferred
324 J
Microwave oven 230 V 3.2 A 8 minutes 353 kJ
Television 230 V 2.25 A 2 hours 3.73 MJ
Games console USA 110 V 3.5 A 3 hours 4.16 MJ
27 A battery would not be able to store enough energy to keep the oven
working for a long enough period of time [1]
28 The power of the kettle from the USA is much lower than the UK kettle; so
it would need a longer time to transfer the same amount of energy to the
water [1]
30 increase; [1] high; [1] low/small; [1] currents; [1] reduce [1]
Static electricity
Static charge
31
Electric fields
33
[1] for evenly spaced arrows; [1] for arrows pointing outwards
Exam-style questions
34 a
V
b R= [1] to give 88.5 Ω and 0.40 Ω [1]
I
c There would be no (very low) current [1] because the resistance is very
high [1]
V 3.0
35 a R = [1] = = 2.0 W [1]
I 1.5
36 a Series [1]
b 20 + 8 + 8 = 36 Ω [1]
V 12
c I= = = 0.33 A [1]
R 36
V 230
b I= = = 3.48 A [1]
R 66
P = IV = 3.48 × 230 = 800 W [1]
38 a The frictional force between the foot/shoe and carpet causes the person
to become charged; [1] when the hand is near the handle the electric
field caused by the charge is large [1] and this allows a current [1] to
cross the small air gap
Density of materials
1
2 a The particles are much closer together in the solid than in the liquid; [1]
there will be more particles in the same volume [1]
b The forces between the particles in a solid are much stronger than those
in a liquid or a gas; [1] so the particles in a solid cannot move from their
fixed positions [1]
9
Change in thermal Specific heat Temperature change
Mass (kg)
energy capacity (J/kg °C) (°C)
23.4 kJ 1.3 1200 15
400 J 0.83 120 4.0
30 kJ 0.50 4200 14
2.50 kJ 1.40 893 2.0
11
13
constant 10
15 p = = = 67 kPa [1]
V 0.15
16 Doing mechanical work by compressing the gas quickly [1]; heating the gas
[1]
Exam-style questions
17 a Mass of ice melted = 0.45 − 0.33 = 0.12 kg [1]
E 3600
E = mL so L = = = 30 [1] kJ/kg [1] (30 000 g)
m 0.12
b Some of the ice melted due to heating from the room [1]
119
c Volume = 3
= 119 × 10−4 m3 [1]
100
m = ρ × V = 1000 kg/m3 × 119 × 10−4 m3 [1] = 0.119 kg [1]
b The pressure will be higher; [1] because work has been done on the gas
increasing the temperature and the speed of the particles; [1] which
means more collisions with the container [1]
Atomic structure
The structure of the atom
1 a 1 × 10−10 m [1]
1
b [1]
10000
c neutral [1]
2 a 13 [1]
b 27 [1]
3 a
16 12 238 13 14 235
Isotope 8 O 6 C 92 U 8 O 6 C 92 U
Number of protons 8 6 92 8 6 92
Number of neutrons 8 6 146 5 8 143
Number of electrons 8 6 92 8 6 92
4 a
b The nucleus and alpha particles are both positively charged so they
repel; [1] The repulsion is larger the closer they are to each other [1]
185
79 Au ® 181
77 Ir + 42 He 8
3 Li ® 48 Be + 0
-1 e
208
84 Po ® 204
82 Pb + 42 He 201
79 Au ® 201
80Hg + 0
-1 e
8 a 3 hours [1]
b i A quarter [1]
ii One sixteenth [1]
Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation
9 a N: rocks; [1] cosmic rays; [1] food [1]
MM: medical treatment; [1] nuclear weapon fallout; [1] nuclear power
fallout [1]
10 a
Isotope Plutonium-241 Uranium-238 Carbon-12 Oxygen-13 Lithium-12
8 −3
Half-life 14 years 4.5 × 10 years 5730 years 8.6 × 10 s 12 × 10−9 s
Rank 3 1 2 4 5
b Cobalt-60 [1]
11 non-toxic [1]; a half-life of several hours [1]; emits only gamma rays [1]
Showing further fusions; [1] showing more neutrons ejected; [1] increasing
number of neutrons at each stage [1]
15 joining; [1] small; [1] larger; [1] mass; [1] radiation [1]
Exam-style questions
16 a Sample A [1]
b 90
38Sr ® 9039Y + -1e
0
Gravity
3
Weight (N) Mass (kg) Gravitational field strength (N/kg)
118 12.0 9.8
1960 200 9.8
220 55 4.0
Resultant forces
4 a
5 a
6 a
c The stretching is no longer linear because the spring has been stretched
beyond its limit of proportionality [1]
10 a
[1]
13 a For 30 s it rises quickly; [1] it stops for 20 s; [1] and then rises again but
more slowly [1]
s 20 ´ 1012
14 a v = = [1] = 2.6 ´ 106 m/s [1] ( 2600km/s )
t 900 ´ 24 ´ 60 ´ 60
b The speed is constant [1] but the velocity is always changing because it
is always changing direction [1]
v - u 15.0 - 6.0
16 a = = = 2.25 [1] m/s2
t 4.0
17 a i accelerating [1]
ii constant speed [1]
iii decelerating [1]
v -u 6-0
b a= = = 0.4 [1] m/s2
t 15
18
Final Initial
Acceleration Distance
velocity velocity
(m/s2) travelled (m)
(m/s) (m/s)
36 0 8 81
8 2 0.15 200
9.4 0 9.8 4.5
c
Immediately Several seconds
Stage after jumping out after jumping out At terminal velocity
of plane of plane
Free body
diagram
21 a proportional to [1]
d
Mass (kg) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Acceleration (m/s2) 4.00 2.67 2.00 1.60 1.33 1.14
1 -1
kg 1.00 0.67 0.50 0.40 0.33 0.29
m
[2] for all the answers; [1] for at least three
The graph should be a straight line; [1] that passes through the origin; [1]
1
f aµ [1]
m
23
Condition of tyres BD Wet road BD Alcohol consumption TD
Tiredness TD Speed of vehicle T&B Damaged brake disks BD
c 20 m [1]
Momentum
Momentum as a property of moving objects
26 a 12 kg m/s to the right [1]
c 0 kg m/s [1]
Conservation of momentum
27 a 28 kg m/s [1]
b 28 kg m/s [1]
c 16 kg m/s [1]
Changes in momentum
28 a 48 kg m/s [1]
b 96 N [1]
c Increasing the time reduces the force required to change the momentum
[1]
c The gradient is a straight line [1] so the spring didn't go beyond its elastic
limit [1]
extension
e The gradient of the graph is . So to work out the spring
force
force 1
constant, use , which is
extension gradient
1
k= = 0.33 N/mm [1]
gradient
F 9000
30 a F = ma so a = = = 3.0 [1] m/s2 [1]
m 3000
b 600 m [1]
31 a A = C; [1] B = D [1]
b 15 m [1]
c v2 − u2 = 2as
0 − 252 = 2 × a × 50 [1]
Waves
Waves in air, fluids and solids
Transverse and longitudinal waves
1 a, b
Amplitud Compressio
Feature Wavelength Crest Trough Rarefaction
e n
Letter(s) C; E B K I F G
3
Wave speed Wavelength Frequency Period
80 m/s 0.20 m 400 Hz 2.5 × 10−3 s
3.00 × 108 s 2.00 × 105 Hz 1.50 kHz 6.7 × 10−4 s
3.00 × 108 s 1.50 × 108 Hz 2.00 × 1016 Hz 3.00 × 10−9 s
Reflection of waves
4
[1]
7 a
Electromagnetic waves
Types of electromagnetic waves
8 a same velocity (in a vacuum) [1]
transverse [1]
b
long wavelength short wavelength
radio microwaves infrared visible infrared X-rays gamma
waves rays
low frequency high frequency
11 X-rays/gamma rays; ionise molecules/ cells (can kill them / cause cancer)
Infrared; cause burns
Ultraviolet; cause ionisation/ skin damage leading to burns / cancer
[2] for types of radiation; [2] for each damage
Lenses
13
Visible light
15
[1] for each new ray set; [1] for each new label
17 a
b H [1]
Exam-style questions
19 a Transverse waves [1]
b 0.5 m [1]
• ray from top of the object passing straight through the centre of the lens [1]
• ray parallel to the optical axis to the lens refracting through the focal point on
the other side [1]
• dashed ray extended back to meet the first ray [1]
image height 30
c magnification = = = 2.5 [1]
object height 12
[1]
4 Sprinkle iron filings around the magnet; [1] or use a plotting compass
6 a Use a larger current; [1] more/tighter turns on the coil; [1] use an iron
core [1]
8
Force
tesla (T)
11 The current passes through the coil producing a magnetic field. [1] This
interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. [1] The induces
forces on both sides of the coil; [1] which act in opposite directions; [1] to
produce a turning effect around the axis [1]
12 To allow the coil to rotate freely while maintaining electrical contact [1]
To keep the current flowing in the same direction through the coil [1]
13 Use a larger current; [1] a stronger magnetic field; [1] and more turns of
wire [1]
Loudspeakers
14
b To allow the coil to rotate freely by connecting to the external circuit [1]
Microphones
19 coil; [1] permanent; [1] potential difference [1]
Transformers
20 2; [1] 4; [1] 3; [1] 1 [1]
21
Number of Step-up (U)
Primary Number of Secondary
turns on Step-down (D)
potential turns on potential
secondary
difference primary coil difference
coil
Vp Np Vs Ns —
230 V 2000 11.5 V 100 D
110 V 30 11 V 300 D
500 V 4000 2.5 kV 800 U
630 V 50 42 V 750 D
22 a Ns ´ Is = Np ´ Ip [1]
Np ´ Ip 200 ´ 35
Is = = = 5.83 [1] mA
Ns 1200
Exam-style questions
Vp Np
23 a = [1]
Vs Ns
Np ´ Vs 500 ´ 250000
Ns = = = 6250 turns [1]
Vp 20000
b Vs ´ Is = Vp ´ Ip [1]
Vp ´ Ip 20000 ´ 150
Is = = = 1.2 [1] A
Vs 250000
24 a The current causes a magnetic field around the wire; [1] which interacts
with the permanent magnetic field; [1] causing a (downward) force on the
wire and so an upwards force on the magnets [1]
b A to B [1]
c F = B ´ I ´ [1]
F 0.02
B= = [1] = 55 mT [1] ( 0.055 T )
I´ 2.4 ´ 0.15
d Increase:
• the current [1]
• the number of loops in the coil [1]
• the magnetic field strength [1]
2 gas; [1] nebula; [1] gravitational; [1] pressure; [1] fusion; [1] balances; [1],
stable [1]
b Moon X [1]
5
Name of stage Description
Protostar The star is hot, but no fusion reactions are happening yet
All reactions in the star have stopped. The star no longer gives
Black dwarf
out radiation
Main Fusion reactions produce a pressure that balances the
sequence gravitational attraction
The outer layers of the star have escaped leaving the incredible
White dwarf
hot core
Red giant Fusion reactions in the core release more energy and the
Red supergiant star expands. The outer surface cools
The star collapses and then explodes releasing a large
Supernova
amount of energy and producing heavy elements
The star has collapsed and become so dense that the
Black hole
gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape
The core of the star collapses so that electrons are forces into
Neutron star protons leaving only a very dense material made of only
neutrons
[1[ for each box
Red-shift
7 universe; [1] hot; [1] expanded; [1] density; [1] red-shift; [1] faster; [1]
matter; [1]
8 a The higher their velocity the further away the galaxies are [1]
b Six of :
• The Sun will stay in its current phase for several billion years [1]
• The Sun will expand to form a red giant star [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the core temperature increases [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the outer layers are pushed away from
the core [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the surface temperature decreases [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the fusion of heavier elements begins in
the core [1]
• (During the change to a red giant) the outer layers are lost to space [1]
• A white dwarf forms [1]
• (During the change to a white dwarf) the core becomes exposed [1]
• The core cools over many billions of years [1]
• A black dwarf forms [1]
10 a The lower spectrum shows a red-shift [1] because the wavelength of the
(characteristic/absorption) lines has increased; [1] This shows that the
galaxy is moving away from us [1]
b small; [1] hot [1[ expanded [1[ faster [1[ billions [1]