Micro Lathe Upgrade - 7 Steps - Instructables

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Micro Lathe Upgrade


By dresch (/member/dresch/) in Workshop (/workshop/) > Metalworking (/workshop/metalworking/projects/) 666 5 5

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If you peruse this type of thing, you have probably seen a number and variety of small "mini"
(more like Micro) lathes and machine tools for sale on eBay and websites like Banggood. They
are sold under brand names such as Raitool, The One Tool or Zhouyu. They basically all use the
same headstock and motor but some versions are built mostly from aluminum (cross slides and
handwheels) while others go the injection molded plastic route. I bought an aluminum version,
seen above, from an eBay vendor for ~$100.

The rst two short comings you notice is that they are wildly under powered and that there is
very little usable swing. Other than that, the construction is not that bad. You won't be boring
out engine blocks with these, but with a couple of mods, you can make a passable little hobbyist
metal lathe.
/
In this
Micro Lathe Upgrade Instructable
by dresch I will leadFollow
(/member/dresch/) you thru upgrading the spindle motor and building some
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the headstock, tailstock and toolholder. Most of the mods are 3D printed in ABS. Two parts will
be required from eBay, Amazon, Banggood, Aliexpress or an equivalent site (Google "3420 DC
Motor"):

Motor:

https://www.banggood.com/XD-3420-DC-1224V-30W-Perm... (https://www.banggood.com/XD-
3420-DC-1224V-30W-Permanent-Magnet-DC-Motor-CWCCW-Motor-p-1223406.html?
rmmds=search&ID=49554&cur_warehouse=CN)

https://www.banggood.com/Machi t-3420-Motor-24V-6...
(https://www.banggood.com/Machi t-3420-Motor-24V-6000rpm-Permanent-Magnet-Motor-
DC-Motor-for-DIY-Generator-p-1301226.html?rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

https://www.banggood.com/High-Speed-Adjustable-DIY... (https://www.ebay.com/itm/12-24V-
30W-High-Speed-CW-CCW-Permanent-Magnet-DC-Motor-For-DIY-Generator-
DH/232505586309?
_trkparms=aid%3D555018%26algo%3DPL.SIM%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D40719%26meid%3D36
8350bf3b9c49999ab778c849481f3b%26pid%3D100005%26rk%3D1%26rkt%3D12%26mehot%
3Dco%26sd%3D392573026604%26itm%3D232505586309%26pmt%3D1%26noa%3D0%26pg
%3D2047675&_trksid=p2047675.c100005.m1851)

and Pulley:

https://www.banggood.com/2016-Teeth-Timing-Pulley-... (https://www.banggood.com/2016-
Teeth-Timing-Pulley-Bore-56_358mm-For-Belt-Wide-10mm-2GT-Pulley-p-1148505.html?
utm_design=41&utm_source=emarsys&utm_medium=Shipoutinform171129&utm_campaign=
trigger-
emarsys&utm_content=Winna&sc_src=email_2671705&sc_eh=22b56abe6b91fc2b1&sc_llid=87
69575&sc_lid=104858042&sc_uid=oZwnDido9u&ID=514178&cur_warehouse=CN)

The "3420" or "marshmallow" motors run anywhere from $14 to $25 depending on the deal you
can get. They are permanent magnet with ball bearings and are quite nice torquey motors. They
come in 12V or 24V, with typical ratings of 12V-3000RPM and 24V-6000RPM.

For some other parts that will t this lathe:

https://www.banggood.com/search/zhouyu.html?from=n...
(https://www.banggood.com/search/zhouyu.html?from=nav)

https://www.banggood.com/200mm-Metal-Cross-Slide-L...
(https://www.banggood.com/200mm-Metal-Cross-Slide-Longitudinal-Slide-Block-Z010M-For-
Lathe-Feeding-Relieving-Axis-XYZ-p-1378066.html?rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

https://www.banggood.com/118mm-Metal-Cross-Slide-L...
(https://www.banggood.com/118mm-Metal-Cross-Slide-Longitudinal-Slide-Block-Z008M-For-
Mini-Lathe-Feeding-Relieving-Axis-YZ-p-1377297.html?rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

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Step 1: Step 1: the Pitiful Motor

(https://cdn instructables
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com/FCH/X42F/JQGYM6ZY/FCHX42FJQGY

2 More Images
(https://cdn instructables
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com/FGV/M2XP/JQGYLSFL/FGVM2XPJQGYLSFL LARGE jpg? (https://cdn instructables
auto=webp&frame=1&height=1024&fit=bounds)
com/FUG/BM5B/JQGYLS5I/FUGBM5BJQGY

When you remove the belt cover (one Philips head screw) you will see the two pulleys that make
up the headstock belt drive train. The top, tiny pulley is press t to a tiny (toy) motor mounted in
a plastic enclosure above the headstock. The motor enclosure is mounted to the headstock and
the headstock to the lathe bed with an interesting two piece screw wedge (more on this later).
When you disassemble the motor mount enclosure (3 screws), you will end up with the motor

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Micro Lathe Upgrade to the(/member/dresch/)
by dresch right in the second
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photo. We are going to replace thatDownload
small fry withFavorite
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the motorI Made
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its left: a motor known on eBay and Banggood as a Marshmallow motor or a 3420 motor. This is
a hefty and powerful (30W!) DC brush, ball-bearing motor. For $14-$25, it is quite the bargain!

So how do we use this motor on the lathe headstock? I have attached an STL le of a part I
designed using OnShape. I printed this at 100% in ll, at side down with ABS on a Qidi printer. It
took a little over two hours on my printer.

Note that the screws used to attach this mount to the headstock are the same as are used to
attach the bearing cover plate: wood or sheet metal screws. (See the illustration above.) I used 2
inch long, at head #6 screws. Remove the four original screws and attach the motor mount as
shown. I used a little candle wax on the screw threads before I screwed them in, to help with the
thread forming and to prevent galling. Alternately, you could (carefully!) tap the holes in the
back side of the headstock to be 6-32 and use 6-32 at head machine screws. The wax lubricated
wood or sheet metal screws work just ne.

In my experience these motors run cool for extended periods of time, so no worries that the ABS
mount will soften.

NOTE: I HAVE ADDED TWO REGENS OF THE MOTOR MOUNT STL BECAUSE THERE HAVE BEEN
PROBLEMS THAT SOME READERS HAVE ENCOUNTERED IN LOADING THE ORIGINAL FILE INTO
THEIR SLICERS. ONE IS LABELLED MM AND THE OTHER IS LABELED INCH.

MotorMnt3.stl
Download (https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/FTM/CXUC/JQGYM6NH/FTMCXUCJQGYM6NH.stl)
View in 3D
(https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/FTM/CXUC/JQGYM6NH/FTMCXUCJQGYM6NH.stl)

MotorMntmm.stl
Download (https://content.instructables.com/ORIG/FQ2/TEJE/KA2EFX9R/FQ2TEJEKA2EFX9R.stl)
View in 3D
(https://content.instructables.com/ORIG/FQ2/TEJE/KA2EFX9R/FQ2TEJEKA2EFX9R.stl)

MotorMntInch.stl
Download (https://content.instructables.com/ORIG/FVH/Q1L6/KA2EFX9Z/FVHQ1L6KA2EFX9Z.stl)
View in 3D
(https://content.instructables.com/ORIG/FVH/Q1L6/KA2EFX9Z/FVHQ1L6KA2EFX9Z.stl)

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Step 2: Step 2: Add the New Motor to the Mount

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Micro Lathe Upgrade by dresch (/member/dresch/) Follow Download Favorite w I Made It

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com/FVW/I90T/JQGYLS9V/FVWI90TJQGYLS9V LARGE jp

Mount the pulley on the motor shaft. Use the existing hole thru the shaft to locate the set screw
in the pulley. Tighten both set screws in the pulley.

The motor attaches to the mount using the two M4 x 0.7 screws that stick out from the motor
face. These are nearly an 8-32 thread but not quite. I did have an M4 tap so I just retapped some
8-32 stainless nuts to metric.

(https://www.banggood.com/1pcs-HSS-Metric-Spiral-Point-Machine-Screw-Tap-Drill-M3-M4-
M5-M6-M8-p-974682.html?rmmds=search&ID=514215&cur_warehouse=CN)But if you do not
have small size metric taps, you will need to nd the M4 nuts. #6 or #8 washers can be used to
thermally insulate the motor from the mount. Both Lowes and Home Depot carry M4 nuts in
their metric hardware drawers.

Slip the motor screws into the M4 size hole and slot on the mount. Add another washer and nut
to the other side of both screws.

And the mount was designed so that the original lathe belt is still used! Note that the mount
was designed for adjustable tensioning of the belt. Finger tension the motor and then tighten
the nuts on the M4 screws. Amazon carries a replacement belt:

https://www.amazon.com/Motor-Drive-Transimission-Z... (https://www.amazon.com/Motor-
Drive-Transimission-Zhouyu-Machine/dp/B076JF66W8)

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1982136095.html?sp...
(https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1982136095.html?
spm=a2g0o.detail.100009.4.4a2f6a99mkvTCS&gps-
id=pcDetailLeftTopSell&scm=1007.13482.95643.0&scm_id=1007.13482.95643.0&scm-
url=1007.13482.95643.0&pvid=7ce87581-4d48-4967-b973-10c1ccb09de7)

/
One by
Micro Lathe Upgrade other thing
dresch you may want
(/member/dresch/) to
Follow try, which should help reduce motor vibration would
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rubber washers between the motor and the mount. So far this has not been a major problem on
my lathe as the combination of the ABS mount and the Z031 gear belt run decently smooth.

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Step 3: Step 3: Making the Offset Blocks

(https://cdn instructables
auto=webp&frame=1&height=1024&fit=bounds)
com/F62/2LYC/JQMOFXQT/F622LYCJQMOFXQT LARGE jpg? (https://content instructables com/F5O/65AA/K4PBA38D/F5O65AAK4PBA38D
auto=webp&frame=1&fit=bounds) LARGE jpg?

A 24mm tall o set block was designed in OnShape to be printed and provide a boost for both
the headstock and tailstock. Attached is the STL you can print. Make a copy in your slicer
program so that you can print two at once. Again, I used ABS at 100% in ll. Two of these take six
plus hours to print.

Note these blocks clamp on both sides with the existing wedge clamp. Extra wedge clamps are
available from Banggood:

https://www.banggood.com/Z013M-Metal-Dovetail-Conn...
(https://www.banggood.com/Z013M-Metal-Dovetail-Connection-Block-Zhouyu-The-First-Tool-
Multipurpose-Machinery-Parts-p-1377296.html?rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

Another approach may be just to purchase a riser block:

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32621470033.html?s...
(https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32621470033.html?
spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.2bc77bebixO4kn&algo_pvid=94851601-8950-41aa-9e63-

/
24303f00b878&algo_expid=94851601-8950-41aa-9e63-24303f00b878-16&btsid=b3b5bead-
Micro Lathe Upgrade by dresch (/member/dresch/) Follow Download Favorite I Made It w
11cc-4abd-8bf6-
61ad2694d538&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_7,searchweb201603_53)

https://www.amazon.com/Z030MA-Heighten-50x50x60mm-...
(https://www.amazon.com/Z030MA-Heighten-50x50x60mm-Zhouyu-
Accessory/dp/B076JFTM4T)

An addition you may want to add to the o set headstock is another side clamping plate so the
headstock is clamped from both sides. Here is one from Aliexpress:

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32622047803.html?s...
(https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32622047803.html?
spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.2bc77bebH7NQLD&algo_pvid=36e198ca-e1a3-4e3e-8a4f-
638565d8258b&algo_expid=36e198ca-e1a3-4e3e-8a4f-638565d8258b-6&btsid=e2478984-
9057-44b5-8175-
58841fac27dc&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_7,searchweb201603_53)

Block.stl Download (https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/F48/539C/JQGYM8AT/F48539CJQGYM8AT.stl)


View in 3D
(https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/F48/539C/JQGYM8AT/F48539CJQGYM8AT.stl)

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Step 4: Step 4. Building Wedges

(https://content instructables com/FAM/XNI5/K4PB9XU1/FAMXNI5K4PB9XU1 LARGE jpg?auto=webp&frame=1&width=1024&fit=bounds)

Attaching the o set blocks to both the headstock and tailstock require one more wedge clamp
than we have. Again Onshape was used for the initial design. I believe the screws I used were 6-
32 by 2 inch long with a standard nut (I used brass.) As mentioned in the previous section you
can also just purchase these wedges at Banggood for a reasonable cost.

/
Micro Lathe Upgrade by dresch (/member/dresch/) Follow
clamp1.stl
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I Made It
View in 3D

(https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/F2A/V0U7/JQGYM8CJ/F2AV0U7JQGYM8CJ.stl)

clamp2.stl Download (https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/FST/5GI0/JQGYM8CK/FST5GI0JQGYM8CK.stl)


View in 3D
(https://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/FST/5GI0/JQGYM8CK/FST5GI0JQGYM8CK.stl)

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Step 5: Step 5: Prepping the Motor

(https://content instructables
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com/FYL/CZ5Z/K4PB9Y0H/FYLCZ5ZK4PB9Y0H LARGE jpg? (https://content instructables
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com/F5T/QFFO/K4PB9YDP/F5TQFFOK4PB9YDP LARGE

Get out your soldering iron and desolder the cable from the original motor. We will solder this to
the new motor.

So take the cable o the old motor. Put some heatshrink tubing (1/8 inch diameter) on the
motor cable to use to insulate after we solder the wires on. Solder the wires from the 3420 motor
to the wires to the original connector. There were not any markers on the connector wire to
orient the the motor red and black wires to. At this stage, plug in the motor to the power supply
and make sure the spindle on the headstock turns in the proper direction. If it doesn't, unsolder
and reverse the wires.

The power supply that came with my lathe seems adequate to drive the new motor.
There is an adjustable power supply upgrade that is inexpensive and allows you to run the lathe
motor at di erent speeds.

https://www.amazon.com/YUNBO-Adapter-Voltage-Adjus... (https://www.amazon.com/YUNBO-
Adapter-Voltage-Adjustable-Transformers/dp/B07JZNPM3W/ref=sr_1_4?
crid=3HAC1NOUHRDBS&keywords=24v+adjustable+power+supply&qid=1577822546&s=hi&sp
re x=24V+adjustable+power+supp%2Ctools%2C314&sr=1-4)

https://www.ebay.com/itm/9-24V-3A-72W-Adjustable-P... (https://www.ebay.com/itm/9-24V-3A-
72W-Adjustable-Power-Adapter-Speed-Control-Volt-AC-DC-Supply-Display-US/372819320261?
_trkparms=ispr%3D1&hash=item56cdc35dc5:g:x-8AAOSw-
qldtpru&enc=AQAEAAACUBPxNw%2BVj6nta7CKEs3N0qWYSHRVzpR3C%2BYuYeOOLwpyVxRLc
LNJhy%2FcdzxUrF63l4JXB4vr6auKhs7Z7Y65gCpTvsPhXWwAw68miEFOSlCZr0m64OtfwpY4iXVy
iq8lfAnktuQFZjm%2BSNG7ahDkQNoXnX1iy5CxjiEOLCkndVz6rsyywmSlRZZjlwIp9YQpvtQTW81t
r69ut8Y6ZndDem7AJ7uI2rNWemR79pvh5yPIkuafwUPv8KBVDFV%2F7W%2FzjNctYu8sXD74xD8
VkKoqBP4MMwR7HyvO6UqgA5wJAwrI4MV%2FIa3d5zrm9clX%2FMSlt9rY6fzOtLm4Qvrjhy5V0C /
x22wywju2UYgyJO%2BYQHuUtsMaI47suF65xImmhoON2k4IC%2BVOo9QKSlfpGAJH8A0irdkNN
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MLz6Q8DTYzCPjwxHOaQeHnPQFyYV92FQFJhQvof%2BzKpktoIKmxebatTDakKzSijWCQ5MKO6z
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BdOlBrcCqaw9X2io9vzfcwY4cUbdJFpJED3AW0dwdjau%2BMvAuf%2FgJfhPHMxySuogAUsaSHE
PAgjIy0LrxBEW3lxAkiul9QBIjdJH27p8R3oGIK3HbaHE3zA48QDnfHBeJ7VLLZZzudI1HrDFpWgEVh
iAwErvlPrY0iBCM%2BAVQ%3D&checksum=37281932026131e446b5d95e445bb85f7da5700cb7
96&enc=AQAEAAACUBPxNw%2BVj6nta7CKEs3N0qWYSHRVzpR3C%2BYuYeOOLwpyVxRLcLNJh
y%2FcdzxUrF63l4JXB4vr6auKhs7Z7Y65gCpTvsPhXWwAw68miEFOSlCZr0m64OtfwpY4iXVyiq8lf
AnktuQFZjm%2BSNG7ahDkQNoXnX1iy5CxjiEOLCkndVz6rsyywmSlRZZjlwIp9YQpvtQTW81tr69u
t8Y6ZndDem7AJ7uI2rNWemR79pvh5yPIkuafwUPv8KBVDFV%2F7W%2FzjNctYu8sXD74xD8VkK
oqBP4MMwR7HyvO6UqgA5wJAwrI4MV%2FIa3d5zrm9clX%2FMSlt9rY6fzOtLm4Qvrjhy5V0Cx22
wywju2UYgyJO%2BYQHuUtsMaI47suF65xImmhoON2k4IC%2BVOo9QKSlfpGAJH8A0irdkNNMLz
6Q8DTYzCPjwxHOaQeHnPQFyYV92FQFJhQvof%2BzKpktoIKmxebatTDakKzSijWCQ5MKO6zmzV
hb5la1a%2FGkD7WfHJL70z5XU5j2A%2Fq2p5ZuwFv%2BJXxWmPJ0IBvfm0gb1xmBryVd9doZjIe
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lBrcCqaw9X2io9vzfcwY4cUbdJFpJED3AW0dwdjau%2BMvAuf%2FgJfhPHMxySuogAUsaSHEPAgjI
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rvlPrY0iBCM%2BAVQ%3D&checksum=37281932026131e446b5d95e445bb85f7da5700cb796)

Of course, like the motor, you will have to swap the connector from the original power supply to
the new adjustable power. The instructions above should su ce for this also.

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Step 6: Step 6: Mount the Lathe

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Micro Lathe Upgrade by dresch (/member/dresch/) Follow Download Favorite w I Made It

(https://content instructables
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com/FOU/Y7V2/K4PBA3YL/FOUY7V2K4PBA3YL LARGE jpg? (https://content instructables
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com/FNH/SKMP/K4PBA8E2/FNHSKMPK4PBA8E2 LARG

Any lathe is pretty useless without stability to use it. If your lathe came with a mounting board
and you can gure out the mounting scheme, by all means use it.

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32586174398.html?s...
(https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32586174398.html?
spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.2bc77bebH7NQLD&algo_pvid=7a1757c8-14d9-4574-804b-
92dfe9384ac4&algo_expid=7a1757c8-14d9-4574-804b-92dfe9384ac4-8&btsid=6c218079-f867-
456a-996b-
8e9de9b14a10&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_7,searchweb201603_53)

I found that by mounting my lathe to a plastic cutting board (Walmart, Sam's Club, Target) and
then clamping the cutting board to whatever desk or table I was working at, you could actually
do useful things. Note that based on the thickness of the cutting board you purchase, you will
/
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Micro Lathe Upgrade adjust your mounting
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length. I used athead screws and countersunk
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of the cutting board. I also used these:

https://www.banggood.com/Machi t-10pcs-Z042M-Slot...
(https://www.banggood.com/Machi t-10pcs-Z042M-Slot-Sliding-Nut-Zhouyu-The-First-Tool-
Mini-Multipurpose-Machine-Accesory-p-1562447.html?rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

For the mounting to the bottom of the lathe bed.

One of the side bene ts of using a cutting board is that it makes it easy to pick up the lathe to
brush it o into a garbage can for clean up.

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Step 7: Step 7: Add an Adjustable Tool Post

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instructables com/F4S/J4YS/K4PBA5UN/F4SJ4YSK4PBA5UN LARG

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com/F4M/LOKM/K4PBA5M1/F4MLOKMK4PBA5M1 LARGE jpg? (https://content instructables com/FQS/FW5L/K4PBA7K4/FQSFW5LK4PBA7K4
auto=webp&frame=1&fit=bounds) LARG

One of the last things is to add an adjustable quick change tool post (QCTP) to the lathe. These
are available pretty cheap, I got mine for less than $30 with a boring bar. Here are some
examples:

https://www.ebay.com/itm/Tooling-Package-For-Mini-... (https://www.ebay.com/itm/Tooling-
Package-For-Mini-Lathe-Quick-Change-Tool-Post-Holders-Tool/124017088401?
hash=item1cd e9791:g:n5UAAOSw4DVd~Doo)

/
https://www.banggood.com/Mini-Quick-Change-Tool-Po...
Micro Lathe Upgrade by dresch (/member/dresch/) Follow Download Favorite w
(https://www.banggood.com/Mini-
I Made It
Quick-Change-Tool-Post-Holder-Kit-Set-For-TableHobby-Lathes-p-983345.html?
rmmds=search&cur_warehouse=CN)

To mount the QCTP on the microlathe, I used a 5/16 hex head bolt and nut to mount it to the
cross slide. (I do not have the lathe with me at the moment to check dimensions. So perhaps
wait for the next revision in two weeks...) I ended up grinding the head of the bolt to match the
tapered groove of the cross slide. Again, I will post photos the next time I am where the lathe is.
You will need to make a riser block to put under the QCTP to get the tool to the right level versus
the spindle center. As you can see from the photos I cut some 0.25 thick aluminum to the rough
outline of the QCTP base and drilled a 5/16 hole thru the center. This part could probably be 3D
printed but the aluminum adds some nice stability.

There are some other things you may want, including a drill chuck for the tailstock:

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32627218421.html
(https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32627218421.html?
spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.5cbf1915BEWVy5&algo_pvid=60a6f789-27a3-4564-aa8f-
1a635dfba82c&algo_expid=60a6f789-27a3-4564-aa8f-1a635dfba82c-0&btsid=06e1307b-a03b-
42e7-8892-
6e7d58d3674a&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_7,searchweb201603_53)

I will try to add to this as I have more time, lling in some of the gaps and making new
accessories. Things like indexing heads, using calipers as digital travel indicators or
improvements to the accuracy. One of things I did run across was this CNC version... just adding
the photo as food for thought.

Of course, you could just buy a used Unimat or Sherline or Taig or even a 7 inch Chinese
minilathe. But if you already have one of these Zhouyu machines, a better motor, some risers
and a QCTP will really allow you to turn parts from brass, aluminum, engineering plastics, wood,
etc. And sometimes all you need is a micro lathe.

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(/member/cbarciajacob/) cbarciajacob (/member/cbarciajacob/) 2 months ago on Step 1


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Thanks for new stl

now is ok

(/member/cbarciajacob/) cbarciajacob (/member/cbarciajacob/) 2 months ago


Reply / Upvote
Thanks for reply
fit to inches, same result,
I attach a photo

Thank you

(https://content.instructables.com/F7C/BRWA/KA2GMMH1/F7CBRWAKA2GMMH1.LARGE.jpg?
fit=bounds&width=1024)

1 reply F

(/member/cbarciajacob/) cbarciajacob (/member/cbarciajacob/) Question 2 months ago on Step 1

Answer / Upvote
Hello
I have downloaded the stl files, but the measurements listed are incorrect, could you please tell me the
actual measurements for mounting?

Thank you

bjacob@wanadoo.es (mailto:bjacob@wanadoo.es)

/
(https://content.instructables.com/F29/FRGV/K9YKWKCP/F29FRGVK9YKWKCP.LARGE.jpg?
Micro Lathe Upgrade fit=bounds&width=1024)
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