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Consol Sivakugan - Pps
Consol Sivakugan - Pps
Consol Sivakugan - Pps
N. Sivakugan
Duration: 17 minutes
1
What is Consolidation?
GL
saturated clay
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What is Consolidation?
time
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In granular soils…
time
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During consolidation…
q kPa
..and, they vary
GL
with time.
u
A
’
saturated clay
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During consolidation…
remains the same (=q) during consolidation.
u decreases (due to drainage) while ’ increases,
transferring the load from water to the soil.
q kPa
u
GL
’
u
A
’
saturated clay q
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One Dimensional Consolidation
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H -e Relation
H
average vertical strain =
Ho
q kPa
GL q kPa
H
GL
Ho
saturated clay
saturated clay
e = eo
e = eo - e
Time = 0+ Time =
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H -e Relation
e
eo
Time = 0+ Time =
e
average vertical strain =
1 eo
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H -e Relation
Equating the two expressions for average
vertical strain,
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Coefficient of volume compressibility
~ denoted by mv
change in volume
original volume V
i.e.,
mv V
kPa-1 or MPa-1 kPa or MPa
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Consolidation Test
GL
porous stone
undisturbed soil
specimen metal ring
Dia = 50-75 mm (oedometer)
Height = 20-30 mm
field lab
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Consolidation Test
loading in increments
allowing full consolidation before next increment
q1 q2
H1
Ho e o eo- e1
H1
e1 (1 eo ) e2
Ho
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Consolidation Test
unloading
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e – log v’ plot
- from the above data
loading
void ratio
log v’
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Compression and recompression indices
Cr
1
void ratio
Cc ~ compression index
Cc
Cr ~ recompression index 1
(or swelling index)
Cr
1
log v’
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Preconsolidation pressure
is the maximum
vertical effective
stress the soil
void ratio
element has
ever been
subjected to
p’ log v’
preconsolidation pressure
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Virgin Consolidation Line
original
state
virgin consolidation line
eo
void ratio
eo, vo’
original
state
virgin consolidation line
eo
void ratio
vo’
p'
OCR
vo '
Field
vo’ p’ log v’
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Overconsolidation ratio (OCR)
VCL
OCR=13
Heavily
overconsolidated clay OCR=2
Slightly
overconsolidated clay
log v’
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More to come…
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Settlement computations
initial
eo
vo ' '
e Cc log
e
vo '
vo’ vo’+
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Settlement computations
~ computing e using e-log v’ plot
e
note the use of Cr
VCL
vo’ vo’+
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Settlement computations
~ computing e using e-log v’ plot
e
VCL
vo’ p’ vo’+
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Preloading
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Preloading
Installation
Installation of PVDs
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