Ultimate Moment Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Section to EN 1992-2 - Clause 6.

Member: Span 6 Beam & Slab

Units: N & mm
Section
Design Assumptions:
1) Use parabolic-rectangular stress/strain diagram (Fig.3.3) for concrete.
2) Use Fig. 3.8 stress/strain diagram for steel with horizontal top branch

Concrete Section Goemetry

btop bbottom dc fck gC acc ec2 ecu2 n
1 1700 1700 300 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2
2 650 650 100 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2
3 650 300 175 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2
4 300 300 346 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2
5 300 650 303 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2
6 650 650 376 35 1.5 0.85 0.002 0.0035 2

Steel Reinforcement Layout

Ast ds fyk gs Es k euk eud / euk
1 4021 1404 500 1.15 200000 1.08 0.05 0.9
2 6283 1504 500 1.15 200000 1.08 0.05 0.9

The Ultimate Moment of Resistance of the Section is determined by using the strain compatibility method by an
iterative approach. The strains in the tension and compression reinforcement are determined assuming a linear
strain distribution. The depth to the neutral axis is adjusted until the total compressive forces equal the
total tensile forces. The Moment of Resistance is then obtained by taking moments of the forces about the neutral
axis. The following results are obtained:

Total Depth of Section = 1600

Depth to Neutral axis = 164.14

Compression Tension
Force(kN) La Force(kN) La Force(kN) La
Section1 4480 95.861 Layer1 1748.3 1239.9
Layer2 2731.7 1339.9

Total Force in Compression = 4480 kN

Total Force in Tension = 4480 kN
Lever arm z = 1396.7 mm
Ultimate Moment Capacity = 6257.2 kNm

Ductility Check
Area of Reinforcement in Tension Zone = 10304 mm2
Depth to Centroid of Reinforcement in Tension Zone = 1465 mm
Strain at Centroid of Tension Reinforcement = 0.0277 Strain at Yield = 0.0022
(Reinforcement will yield at ULS)

The calculated ultimate moment 6257kNm will ensure reinforcement is yielding.

Section Outline
Serviceability Limit State & Crack Control to EN 1992-2 Section 7
(Clauses 7.2 and 7.3)
Member : Span 6 Beam & Slab
SLS Characteristic Factored Moment due to Permanent Actions = Mqp = 2420 kNm
SLS Characteristic Factored Moment due to Variable Actions = Mst = 1975 kNm

Stress Limitations (Clause 7.2)

For uncracked section: Ztop = 504.2922911 x106mm3 stop = 8.715 N/mm2
Zbottom = 323.0772601 x106mm3 sbottom = 13.604 N/mm2
Allowable concrete stress in tension = fctm = 3.2 N/mm2 Hence Section is Cracked
For cracked section:
a) at age when bridge first opens (Ec,eff = Ecm) Ecm = 34.077 kN/mm2
Depth to Neutral Axis = 289.224 mm
INA in steel units = 16604.653 x106mm4
Max. Comp. Conc. Stress at top of Section = 13.044 N/mm2 k1fck = 21 Hence OK
Max. Tensile Steel Stress in Layer = 321.533 N/mm 2 k3fyk = 400 Hence OK
b) at age after all creep has taken place (Ec,eff = [(Mqp + Mst)Ecm] / [Mst + (1 + f)Mqp])
fcm = fck + 8 = 43
From Annex B: a1 = 0.866 (Expression B.8c)
a2 = 0.960 (Expression B.8c)
Relative Humidity RH = 80 %
Ac = 1150250 u = 6239 h0 = 368.72896
fRH = 1.191 (Expression B.3b)
b(fcm) = 2.562 (Expression B.4)
t0 = 10 b(t0) = 0.594 (Expression B.5)
f0 = fRH.b(fcm).b(t0) = 1.812 (Expression B.2)
Ec,eff = [(Mqp + Mst)Ecm] / [Mst + (1 + f)Mqp] = 17.060 kN/mm2
Depth to Neutral Axis = 396.974 mm
INA in steel units = 14774.164 x106mm4
Max. Comp. Conc. Stress at top of Section = 10.073 N/mm2 k1fck = 21 Hence OK
Steel Stress in Bottom Layer = 329.317 N/mm 2 k3fyk = 400 Hence OK

Note: Stresses due to differential temperature should be added to the concrete and steel stresses.

Crack Control (Clause 7.3.4) wk = sr,max(esm - ecm) (Expression 7.8)

SLS Quasi-Permanent Factored Moment due to Permanent Actions = Mqp = 2420 kNm
SLS Quasi-Permanent Factored Moment due to Variable Actions = Mst = 260 kNm
Cover to bars cnom = 60 mm Depth to Neutral Axis = 451.9846 mm
Bar dia. = 40 mm INA in steel units = 13900.78 x106mm4
Bar Spacing c/c = 115 mm Steel Stress in Bottom Layer = 202.8233 N/mm2
rp,eff = As / Ac,eff (Expression 7.10)
As = 10927 mm2/m
Ac,eff = bhc,ef
where hc,ef is the lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2 h = 1600 mm
1) hc,ef = 200 mm d = 1520 mm
2) hc,ef = 382.672 mm
 3) hc,ef = 800.000 mm
Hence hc,ef = 200.000 mm
Ac,eff = 200.000 x 103 mm2/m
rp,eff = 0.05464

sr,max = k3c + k1k2k4f/rp,eff (Expression 7.11)

k1 = 0.8 k2 = 0.5 k3 = 3.4 k4 = 0.425
sr,max = 328.459 mm

(Expression 7.9) (esm - ecm) = [ss - kt fct,eff /rp,eff (1 + aerp,eff)] / Es > 0.6ss/Es
ss = 202.823 N/mm2 Es = 200000 N/mm2
0.6ss/Es = 0.6084698 x 10-3
kt = 0.490
fct,eff = fctm = 3.21 N/mm2 (Table 3.1)
ae = Es/Ecm = 5.869
(esm - ecm) = 0.8240675 x 10-3
Hence (esm - ecm) = 0.8240675 x 10-3

wk = sr,max(esm - ecm) (Expression 7.8)

wk = 0.271 mm < 0.3 Hence OK
Ultimate Limit State Shear Design to EN 1992-2 Section 6.2
(Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 & UK National Annex)
Member: Span 6 Beam & Slab Distance av of Section from Support = 2500 mm
Clause 6.2.2 Check shear capacity VRd,c with no shear reinforcement
Area of longitudinal tensile reinforcement = Asl = 10304 mm2
Depth to Centroid of Reinforcement in Tension Zone = d = 1464.976 mm
Depth to Neutral axis = 164.136 mm
bw = smallest width in tensile area = 300.0 mm
Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement = r1 = Asl/(bwd) = 0.023445 >0.02 Hence use 0.02
gc = 1.5
CRd,c = 0.18/gc x 2d/av = 0.141
k = 1 + (200/d)0.5 = 1.369
fck = 35
VRd,c = CRd,ck(100r1fck) bwd = 348.855 kN
1/3

VEd = 1950 VEd > VRd,c therefore design shear reinforcement required.
MEd = 4875
Angle between shear reinforcement and beam longitudinal axis = a = 90
Angle between conc. compression strut and beam longitudinal axis = q = 45
Cl.6.2.2(6) u = 0.6(1 - fck/250) = 0.516
Cl.6.2.3(103N.A.) u1 = 0.54(1 - 0.5 cos a) = 0.54 (Stirrups 80% stressed)
Lever arm z = 1396.701 mm
Design compressive strength fcd = fck/gc = 23.3 N/mm2
Cl. 6.2.3(103) Note 4: acw = 1 (for non-prestressed structures)
Cl. 6.2.3(4) VRd,max = acwbwzu1fcd(cotq + cota)/(1 + cot q) = 2639.8
2
kN > 1950kN ... OK

Let VRd,s = VEd = 1950 kN

fywd = 80%fyw/gs = 0.8 x 500 / 1.15 = 347.8 N/mm2
Cl. 6.2.3(4) Asw/s > VRd,s / [zfywd(cotq + cota)sina] = 4.014 mm2/mm
Use 2 legs of 16 f stirrups (Asw = 402mm2)
Spacing of stirrups to be less than s = 100 mm

Cl. 6.2.3(107) Additional tensile force DFtd = 0.5VEd(cotq - cota) = 975 kN

Ultimate moment of resistance at section = 6257.2 kNm
Hence spare force = (6257.2 - 4875) x 1000 / 1396.7 = 990 kN
990 > 975 Hence no additional longitudinal reinforcement required.