Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

EXPT. No:
DATE:

RETARDATION TEST ON DC MACHINE

AIM: To separate stray losses in a DC machine by performing retardation test.

APPARATUS:
Ammeter (MC) 0–1A 1 No.
Voltmeter 0 – 300 V 1 No.
Rheostats 18 Ohm 2 No.
220 Ohm 1 No.
Double Pole Double 1 No.
Through switch
Tachometer

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
CASE 1:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With 18 Ohm rheostat connected in the armature circuit in cut – in position, 200
Ohm rheostat connected in field circuit in cut – out position, DPDT switch S2
closed on to supply side, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. The motor is run at a speed around 1800 rpm first by cutting out 18 Ohm
rheostat and then cutting in 200 Ohm rheostat. The voltmeter connected across the
armature reads voltage applied to it.
Note down the speed and the voltage.
4. Keeping the DPDT switch S2 closed on to supply side, open the supply switch
S1.
5. Since there is no supply to the motor armature, the speed of the motor gradually
decreases and the induced voltage in the armature decreases. The reading of the
voltmeter connected across the armature also decreases. At the time of opening the
supply switch, start the stop watch. At regular intervals of time the speed of the
motor and the time should be noted down in the tabular column 1.

CASE 2:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

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2. With 18 Ohm rheostat connected in the armature circuit in cut – in position, 200
Ohm rheostat connected in field circuit in cut – out position, DPDT switch S2
closed on to supply side, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. The motor is run at a speed around 1800 rpm first by cutting out 18 Ohm
rheostat and then cutting in 200 Ohm rheostat. The voltmeter connected across the
armature reads voltage applied to it. Note down the speed and the voltage.
4. The DPDT switch S2 and the supply switch S1 .both should open simultaneously.
5. Since there is no supply to the motor, the speed of the motor gradually decreases
and the induced voltage in the armature decreases. The reading of the voltmeter
connected across the armature also decreases. At the time of opening the supply
switches, start the stop watch. At regular intervals of time the speed of the motor
and the time should be noted down in the tabular column 2.

CASE 3:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With 18 Ohm rheostat connected in the armature circuit in cut – in position, 200
Ohm rheostat connected in field circuit in cut – out position, DPDT switch S2
closed on to supply side, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. The motor is run at a speed around 1800 rpm first by cutting out 18 Ohm
rheostat and then cutting in 200 Ohm rheostat. The voltmeter connected across the
armature reads voltage applied to it. Note down the speed and the voltage.
4. With supply switch S1 in the closed position, the DPDT switch S2 should be
closed on to the 750 Ohm rheostat connected in series with the ammeter..
5. Since there is no supply to the motor, the speed of the motor gradually decreases
and the induced voltage in the armature decreases. The reading of the voltmeter
connected across the armature also decreases. At the time of opening the supply
switches, start the stop watch. At regular intervals of time the speed of the motor,
the voltmeter reading, the ammeter reading and the time should be noted down in
the tabular column 3.

OBSERVATIONS:
NAME PLATE DETAILS
Rated voltage :
Rated Current :
Field Current :
Rated Speed :
Rating :

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

TABULAR COLUMNS:
CASE 1: S1 CLOSED, S2 OPEN: The supply to the field winding is still
present. Rate of change of kinetic energy dissipation = iron loss + friction and
windage loss

S. Speed in Time in
No. RPM Seconds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
CASE 2: S1 OPEN, S2 OPEN: (OPENING SWITCH S1 IS SUFFICIENT):
Rate of change of kinetic energy dissipation = friction and windage loss

S. Speed in Time in
No. RPM Seconds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
CASE 3: S1 CLOSED, S2 CLOSED ON 750 OHM REHOSTAT: Rate of
change of kinetic energy dissipation = Iron loss + friction and windage loss +
Additional loss in the resistance.

S. Speed in Time in Voltmeter Ammete Power

No. RPM Seconds reading r reading
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Average Power =

GRAPHS:
Plot three spate graphs one for each case.
SPEED Vs TIME characteristics to be plotted.
A tangent should be drawn to each curve at point corresponding to rated speed ( =
1500 rpm)
The slope of the tangent should be calculated for each curve.

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

The expected shape of the graph:

Speed, N rpm
Slope = dN/dt
= OA / OB

Time in Seconds

CALCULATIONS:

CASE 1: Rate of change of Kinetic energy = Iron loss in the core + Friction and
windage loss
2 π 2 dN
Ps ( )
= 60 ∈ dt
1
----- (1)
dN
dt 1
= time taken by the speed to drop down by a given rpm (say 50 rpm)

CASE 2: Rate of change of Kinetic energy = Friction and windage loss

2 π 2 dN
Pf = ( )
60
∈
dt 2
----- (2)
dN
dt 2
= time taken by the speed to drop down by a given rpm (say 50 rpm)

CASE 3: Rate of change of Kinetic energy = Iron loss in the core + Friction and
windage loss + Average power dissipated in the 18 Ohm rheostat
2 π 2 dN
Ps + P AV = ( )
60
∈
dt 3
------ (3)

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

dN
dt 3
= time taken by the speed to drop down by a given rpm (say 50 rpm)

For the motor: t 1< t2 and t 3 has to be lesser than t 2∧t 1

Compute t 1 , t 2 and t 3 from the graphs drawn.

Dividing Eq. (1) by Eq. (3)

PS t1
=
P s + P AV t 3
P AV being known, we can compute Ps

Using Eq. (1) and the values of Ps , and the speed N, we can compute the moment
of inertia, I

Using the value of I, at rated speed N, we can compute the friction and windage
loss Pf (rotational loss) in the machine.

Subtracting friction and windage loss from the stray losses, we get iron loss in the
machine.

RESULT: Student should give the values of the losses computed from the
experiment and should discuss about the losses.
.

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

I 220 Ohm
+ - 18 Ohm Cut-Out
Cut-In

A
+ 0–1A
MC Z
Z
- +
S1 S2
750Ohm M V
V
Cut-In 0 – 300V MC
230 Volt,
DC Supply -
ZZ
Z

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE RETARDATION TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

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