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TRIANGLES
 TRIANGLES C

A plane figure bounded by three lines in a

plane is called a triangle. Every triangle have
three sides and three angels. If ABC is any
triangle then AB, BC & CA are three sides and
A, B and C are three angles A B
 Types of Triangles

On the basis of sides we have three types of triangles

1. Scalene triangle : A triangle whose no two sides are equal is

called a scalene triangle .

2. Isosceles triangle : A triangle having two sides are equal is

called a Isosceles triangle .
3. Equilateral triangle : A triangle in which all the sides are equal
is called a Equilateral triangle .
 Types of Triangles

On the basis of angles we have three types of triangles

1. Right triangle: A triangle in which any one angle is right

angle (=900) is called right triangle.

2. Acute triangle: A triangle in which all angles are acute

(>900) is called an acute triangle.

3. Obtuse triangle: A triangle in which any one angle is obtuse

(<900) is called an obtuse triangle
 CONGRUENT FIGURES
NatNumbers

The figures are called congruent if they have same shape and same
size. In other words, two figures are called congruent if they are
having equal length, width and height.
 Two triangles are congruent if and only if one of them can be made

Natural
to superimposed on the other, so an to cover it exactly.

Numbers A D

B C E F

If two triangles ABC and DEF are congruent then there exist a
one to one correspondence between their vertices and sides.
i.e. we get following six equalities.
∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F and AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF.
 Note: We can say that “two triangles are congruent if and only if
Natural there exists a one-one correspondence between their
Numbers vertices such that the corresponding sides and the
corresponding angles of the two triangles are equal.
 Sufficient Conditions for Congruence of two Triangles
Natural
Two triangles are congruent if two
Numbers
1 . SAS Congruence Criterion :
sides and the included angle of one
are equal to the corresponding
sides and the included angle of the
other triangle
A P

B C Q R
 2 . ASA Congruence Criterion : If any two angles and a non included
Natural side of one triangle are equal to the
Numbers corresponding angles and side of
another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent .

A P

C Q R
B
 3. SSS Congruence Criterion : Two triangles are congruent if the
Natural three sides of one triangle are
Numbers equal to the corresponding three
sides of the other triangle.

A P

B C Q R
4 . RHS Congruence Criterion : Two right triangles are congruent if
the hypotenuse and one side of one
triangle are respectively equal to the
hypotenuse and one side of the other
triangle .

A P

B C Q R
 Congruence Relation in the set of all triangles
Natural
Numbers
By the definition of congruence of two triangles, we have
following results.
(I) Every triangle is congruent to itself i.e. ΔABC ⩭ ΔABC

(II) If ΔABC⩭ ΔDEF then ΔDEF ⩭ ΔABC

(III) If ΔABC ⩭ ΔDEF and ΔDEF⩭ ΔPQR then ΔABC ⩭ ΔPQR

Note: If two triangles are congruent then their

corresponding sides and angles are also congruent by
cpctc (corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
also congruent).