FUNDAMENTALS OF AERODYNAMICS

CLASS PARTICIPATION (SEATWORK)

SEATWORK # 1: Bernoulli’s Principle

1. P1 = 2110 psf, V1 = 100 ft/s, ρ = 0.004 slugs/ft3, P2 = 2000 psf; What is V2=?
2. Water flows through a horizontal pipe at a velocity of 50 m/s. Flowing to the pipe that is
gradually expanding to the large size, the velocity decreases to 35 m/s. What is the difference
of pressure at two points?
3. Consider a converging duct with an inlet area A1 = 5 m2. Air enters this duct with a velocity V1
= 10 m/s, and leaves the duct exit with a velocity V2 = 30 m/s. What is the area of the exit
duct?

Seatwork #2: ISENTROPIC RELATIONSHIP

Consider a supersonic wind tunnel. The air temperature and pressure at the reservoir of the
wind tunnel are 1800 deg R and 299 inHg, respectively. The temperature at the throat is 1500
deg R. What is the density and pressure at the throat of the wind tunnel? Assume flow is
isentropic (and of course, compressible).

Seatwork #3: ENERGY EQUATION

Consider an airplane flying at a standard altitude of 5km with a velocity of 270 m/s. At a point
on the wing of an airplane, the velocity is 330 m/s. Calculate the pressure at this point.

Seatwork #4: SPEED OF SOUND

Determine the temperature of the atmosphere at which an airplane is flying if its speed of
sound is 390 ft/s.

QUIZ

QUIZ #1

I. True or False. Write FALSE if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, write
the CORRECT ANSWER for the underlined word. CAPITAL LETTERS. STRICTLY NO
ERASURES AND ANY FORM OF ALTERATIONS.
1. Altimeter is a device used to measure pressure in a low speed wind tunnel.
2. As pressure increases, velocity will decrease.
 3. As area increases, velocity will decrease.
4. Aircraft’s flight is based on the principle of gravity.
5. Nozzle is another term for settling chamber.
6. Nozzle is a part of a low-speed wind tunnel in which area is decreasing.
7. Density is the volume of fluid which passes per unit of time.
8. Expansion ratio is the ratio of the cross-sectional area for gas flow at the nozzle inlet
to that of the throat.
9. At reservoir, the velocity is constant.
10. Test section is a part of the wind tunnel in which the model (airfoil) is placed, has the
smallest cross-sectional area and the lowest velocity in the wind tunnel.
II. Computation. Box your final answer with its corresponding unit.

Water flows through a horizontal pipe at a rate of 0.4 m3/s. At point 1, the
diameter, pressure and volume flow rate are 0.35 m, 71 kPa and 0.4 m3/s, respectively.
Determine the velocity of the water at point 2 if the area is 6.5 x 10-3 m2 and pressure is
37kPa.

QUIZ #2

I. Identification: Write the correct answer in CAPITAL LETTERS. STRICTLY NO ERASURES AND
ANY FORM OF ALTERATIONS.
1. It is the flow of fluid that is both adiabatic and reversible process.
2. It is the degree of disorder and randomness in the system.
3. What is the value of specific heat for constant pressure of air?
4. It is the denoted variable for the ratio of specific heat.
5. Speed of sound is ___________ proportional to temperature.
6. It is the process w/ no heat transfer, in which work can be done other than the use of
heat.
7. It is a flow wherein the entropy is constant.
8. It is a process whose direction can be returned to its original position by inducing
infinitesimal change to some property of the system via its surroundings.
9. It is the unit in metric for specific heats.
10. _________________ is a parameter of speed of sound.
II. Essay.

Differentiate compressible and incompressible flow.

QUIZ #3

1. Determine the speed of sound of an airplane flying at 25,000 ft in standard atmosphere.

2. An airplane is flying at a velocity of 130 mph at a standard altitude of 5000 ft. At a point on
the wing, the pressure is 1750 psf. Calculate the velocity at that point. Assuming
incompressible flow.
3. The mass flow of air through a supersonic nozzle is 0.047 slugs/sec. The exit velocity is 1500
ft/s, and the reservoir temperature and pressure are 1000 deg R and 7 atm, respectively. For
air, Cp = 6006 lb/slug*R and k = 1.4.
a. Calculate for the density at the exit.
b. Calculate for the area of the nozzle exit.
4. Illustrate and identify the 5 basic parts of a low-speed wind tunnel.