Hōgen rebellion

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Hōgen rebellion

Part of Clan disputes of the Heian period

Hōgen no ran battle screen

Date July 28 – August 16, 1156

Location Kyōto, Japan
Result Victory for Emperor Go-Shirakawa;
establishment of Minamoto-Taira rivalry

Belligerents

Forces loyal to Emperor Go-Shirakawa Forces loyal to retired Emperor Sutoku

Commanders and leaders

Fujiwara no Tadamichi, Taira no Fujiwara no Yorinaga, Minamoto no

Kiyomori, Minamoto no Yoshitomo Tameyoshi, Taira no Tadamasa

Strength

Unknown Unknown, incl. 600 cavalry

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Conflicts of the Heian period

The Hōgen rebellion (保元の乱, Hōgen no ran, July 28 – August 16, 1156)[1] was a

short civil war fought in order to resolve a dispute about Japanese Imperial
succession.[2] The dispute was also about the degree of control exercised by
the Fujiwara clan who had become hereditary Imperial regents during the Heian
period.
Hōgen no ran produced a series of unanticipated consequences. It created a
foundation from which the dominance of the samurai clans would come to be
established. It is considered the beginning in a chain of events which would produce
the first of three samurai-led governments in the history of Japan.

Contents

 1Context
 2Battle
 3Outcome
o 3.1Legacy
 4Notes
 5References
o 5.1See also

Context[edit]
A simmering power struggle in the Imperial court was focused on three figures in
1155. After the former Emperor Toba and the former Emperor Sutoku abdicated,
each intended to continue to wield various kinds of power behind the throne during
the reign of Emperor Konoe; however, when young Konoe died, the dynamics of the
contending factions changed.

 August 23, 1155 (Kyūju 2, 24th day of the 7th month) :

In the 14th year of Konoe-tennō 's reign (近衛天皇 14
年), the emperor died; and despite an ensuing dispute
over who should follow him as sovereign, contemporary
scholars then construed that the succession (senso)
was received by a younger brother, the 4th son of
former-Emperor Toba. Shortly after that, Emperor Go-
Shirakawa is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).
[3]

When Go-Shirakawa ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne, a new phase of this

multi-faceted power struggle began to unfold. A bitter dispute between two of Toba's
sons was paralleled by divisions within the several kuge families and others. Toba
had forced one of his sons to abdicate in favor of the son of another consort; and
after 1142, former Emperor Sutoku harbored the expectation that his son would
follow Emperor Konoe on the throne. Sutoku's hopes were frustrated by the elevation
of another brother who would become known as Go-Shirakawa. [4]

 July 20, 1156 (Hōgen 1, 2nd day of the 7th month): The

former-Emperor Toba died at the age of 54.[5]
After the death of the Toba, forces loyal to reigning Emperor Go-Shirakawa and the
forces supporting retired former Emperor Sutoku disputed the accession of Go-
Shirakawa and his continued possession of the throne. [5] The opposing groups were
also contending over continuation of cloistered government.
Battle[edit]
Go-Shirakawa and Sutoku were rival sons of Toba. Fujiwara no Tadamichi, first son
of regent Fujiwara no Tadazane, sided with Go-Shirakawa while his younger
brother Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with Sutoku. Each rival side in turn beckoned
the Minamoto and Taira clans of samurai. Minamoto no Tameyoshi, head of the
Minamoto clan, and Taira no Tadamasa, head of the Taira contingent, sided with
Sutoku and Yorinaga. Minamoto no Yoshitomo, first son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi,
and Taira no Kiyomori, head of the Taira clan and nephew of Taira no Tadamasa,
sided with Go-Shirakawa and Tadamichi. [6]

 July 28, 1156 (Hōgen 1, 10th day of the 7th month):

Both forces faced each other in Kyōto. On the Sutoku
side, Minamoto no Tametomo (son of Minamoto no
Tameyoshi and younger brother of Yoshitomo!)
suggested a night attack on an enemy palace, but
Fujiwara no Yorinaga rejected this strategy. Meanwhile,
their enemy Minamoto no Yoshitomo suggested the
same, and followed through on it.[6]
 July 29, 1156 (Hōgen 1, 11th day of the 7th month): At
night, Kiyomori and Yoshitomo led 600 cavalry and
attacked Sutoku in the Siege of Shirakawa-den.
Kiyomori attacked the West gate where Tametomo
defended it. Tametomo repulsed Kiyomori's force with
his outstanding archery units.
Then Yoshitomo attacked Tametomo but he was also repulsed. Sutoku's samurai
fought hard, and a fierce battle continued. Yoshitomo suggested that they set the
enemy palace on fire. This was done and, fighting both the flames and Go-
Shirakawa's forces, Sutoku's samurai fled, leaving Go-Shirakawa's allies victorious
on the battlefield.[6]

Outcome[edit]
The forces of the reigning Emperor Go-Shirakawa went on to defeat the forces of the
former Emperor Sutoku. This made way for Go-Shirakawa to abdicate while still
continuing to exercise unfettered Imperial powers. Go-Shirakawa became the new
cloistered emperor in 1158, and he would continue to exercise power throughout the
reigns of five emperors: Emperor Nijō, Emperor Rokujō, Emperor Takakura, Emperor
Antoku, and Emperor Go-Toba. His influence only ceased with his death in 1192.
Sutoku was banished to Sanuki Province of Shikoku; Fujiwara no Yorinaga was
killed in battle, and Minamoto no Tameyoshi and Taira no Tadamasa were executed.
Tametomo survived the battle and was forced to flee.
Minamoto no Yoshitomo became head of his clan after the death of his father and
together with Taira no Kiyomori, succeeded in establishing the two samurai clans as
major new political powers in Kyoto.[7]
Legacy[edit]
The outcome of the Hōgen Rebellion and the rivalry established between the
Minamoto and Taira clans led to the Heiji Rebellion in 1159.[8]
The Kamakura period epic Tale of the Disturbance in Hōgen is about the exploits of
the samurai that participated in the Hōgen Rebellion. [5] Together with the Tale of the
Disturbance in Heiji and the Tale of Heike, these war stories (gunki monogatari)
describe the rise and fall of the Minamoto and Taira samurai clans. [9]

Notes[edit]
1. ^ Kitagawa, Hiroshi et al. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, p. 783
2. ^ In the name "Hōgen Rebellion," the noun "Hōgen" refers to
the nengō (Japanese era name) after "Kyūju" and before "Heiji." In
other words, the Hōgen Rebellion occurred during Hōgen, which
was a time period spanning the years from 1156 through 1159.
3. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon,  p.
189.  , p. 189, at Google Books; Brown, Delmer et
al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 326; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō
Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior
to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba,
and Fushimi have sensoand sokui in the same year until the reign
of Emperor Go-Murakami.
4. ^ Keene, Donald. (1999) Seeds in the Heart,  pp. 616–623.  , p.
616, at Google Books
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c Keene, p. 616.  , p. 616, at Google Books; Kitagawa,
p. 783.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c Turnbull, Stephen (1977).  The Samurai, A Military
History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 34–
37.  ISBN  0026205408.
7. ^ Sansom, George (1958).  A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford
University Press. p. 256.  ISBN  0804705232.
8. ^ In the name "Heiji Rebellion," the noun "Heiji" refers to
the nengō(Japanese era name) after "Hōgen" and before
"Eiryaku." In other words, the Heiji Rebellion occurred during
the Heiji period, which spanned the years 1159 through 1160.
9. ^ Sidensticker, Edward. (1975). The Tale of the
Heike (Kitagawa et al., editors). pp. xiv-xix.

References[edit]
 Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds.
(1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley:
University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-
0; OCLC 251325323
 Keene, Donald. (1999). Seeds in the Heart: Japanese
Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth
Century. New York: Columbia University
Press. ISBN 9780231114417; OCLC 246429887
 Kitagawa, Hiroshi and Bruce T. Tsuchida. (1975). The
Tale of the Heike. Tokyo: University of Tokyo
Press. OCLC 262297615
 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The
Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial
Society. OCLC 194887
  Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales
des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society,
Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and
Ireland. OCLC 5850691
 Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of
Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University
Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
See also[edit]

 Ōba Kagechika
hide

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1)

86)

dent (1905)

Coordinates:  35.0117°N 135.7680°E

Categories: 
 Rebellions in Japan
 1150s in Japan
 1156 in Asia
 Conflicts in 1156
 Emperor Sutoku
 Wars of succession
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