Multiple-choice questions (10 points)

For each answer (scores):

Correct answer 1 point

No answer 0 point

Wrong answer -0.25 point

Which of these parameters is not used to calculate exposure?

1. distance travelled
2. time spent in traffic
3. vehicle length
4. number of trips

Which are the two main problems concerning accident data?

1. abundance and clarity

2. underreporting and misclassification
3. type of drivers and cars involved
4. cost of a gallon of gasoline and a litre of diesel

Which are the 2 basic techniques used to estimate road safety countermeasure effectiveness?

1. predictive models, before/after studies

2. road pricing and traffic calming
3. road alignment design and velocity evaluation
4. road section design and barrier analysis

Which of these factors influence the consequences of an accident?

1. road markings
2. speed
3. road length
4. number of tunnels
Which are the 3 parameters used in the descriptive approach of a traffic safety problem?

1. speed – driver age – number of trips

2. vehicle dimensions – ABS - Airbag
3. hours in traffic – number of vehicles - Meteo data
4. exposure – risk - consequences

Which are the most common risk evaluation approach for road tunnels?

1. Geometric data evaluation – Meteo information

2. Scenario-based approach - System-based approach
3. Speed evaluation approach – Traffic estimation approach
4. Drivers’ behaviour data – Pavement and/or road data

What is a Road Safety Audit?

1. an independent detailed systematic and technical safety check

2. a review of the technical guidelines used during the design phase
3. an accident data review
4. a cost/benefit analysis

Generally, which are the two main information sources used in traffic safety analysis?

1. Geometric data – Meteo information

2. Speed data – Drivers’ age
3. Accident and/or casualty data - Exposure data
4. Drivers’ behaviour data – Pavement and/or road data

Which is the official main source of accident data?

1. Official accident registration by the police

2. Newspaper
3. Scientific papers
4. Insurance company data

Which is the meaning of “V85” in road safety analysis?

1. variance of the design speed

2. average design speed
3. mean operating speed
4. 85th percentile operating speed
 Open question (1) – 4 points

A road safety problem can be described in 3 principal dimensions: the exposure, the risk and the
consequences.

Describe the meaning of each dimension

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Open question (2) – 3 points

The ISO 39001 (Road-traffic Safety management systems) introduces a new approach for corporate
politics

Describe the main contents of this standard

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Open question (3) – 3 points

The V85 is the most common parameter to evaluate operating speed.

Describe the difference between the operating speed and the design speed

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 EXERCISE The characteristics of the sites considered are as follows:

• 10 motorway sections (dual carriageway)

• section length: from 1,5 to 19,5 km;
• accident period: 7 years
• number of accidents per sections: from 30 to 345;
• average annual daily traffic (AADT) on each section: from 57000 to 77000 vpd - exposure data
• Property damage only accident (PDO) = Accident – Injured accident – Fatal accident

A7 Milano - Serravalle (2000-2006)

SECTION Length (km) Q (AADT) Accident Injured accident Fatal accident Injured Deaths
MILANO (Piazza Maggi) - MILANO OVEST 4 75000 345 138 1 215 1
MILANO OVEST - BINASCO 6,5 77000 147 39 2 65 2
BINASCO - BEREGUARDO 11 65000 240 78 1 111 1
BEREGUARDO - GROPELLO 9 60000 140 49 3 81 3
GROPELLO - CASEI GEROLA 19,5 58000 282 90 5 138 5
CASEI GEROLA - CASTELNUOVO 4 57000 67 21 1 34 1
CASTELNUOVO - ALL. A7/A21 8,5 58500 141 46 1 81 1
ALL. A7/A21 - TORTONA 1,5 59000 30 9 0 22 0
TORTONA - ALL. A7/A26 8 65000 84 27 5 43 8
ALL. A7/A26 - SERRAVALLE S. 12,5 76000 161 46 4 64 4

- Exercise 1 (5 points) Calculate in each section (10 sections)

• accident rate
• accident frequency

- Exercise 2 (5 points) Using the following weighting factors for each trauma category:

Property damage only accident (PDO): 1; Injured accident: 3.5; Fatal accident: 9.5

• Calculate in each section: the average Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) index
• Calculate for the reference population: the average EPDO index
Exercise 1 (5 points)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6
Exercise 2 (5 points)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------