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Smart Blind Stick Using Proteus: Electrical Engineering
Smart Blind Stick Using Proteus: Electrical Engineering
USING PROTEUS
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
Under Biju Patnaik University of Technology
in
Electrical Engineering
By
in
Electrical Engineering
By
We consider that the thesis has reached the standards and fulfilling
the requirements of the rules and regulation relating to the nature of the
Degree. The content embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for
the award any other degree or diploma in this or any other University.
Place : Berhampur
By
Sibaram Sethy Regd no-1601109303
Deekshya Rani Bhoi Regd no-1601109539
Barsha Panda Regd no-1721109041
Rudra Prasad Pradhan Regd no-1721109049
Umesh Chandra Sethi Regd no-1721109058
CERTIFICATE
Approved by
Electrical Engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
There is approximately 36.9 million people in the world are blind in 2002 according to
World Health Organization. Majority of them are using a conventional white cane to
aid in navigation. The limitation in white cane is that the information’s are gained by
touching the objects by the tip of the cane. The traditional length of a white cane
depends on the height of user and it extends from the floor to the person’s sternum. So
we'll design ultrasonic sensor to detect all kinds of barriers whatever its shape or height
and warn him with vibration. Blind people also face great problems in moving from
place to another in the town and the only way for them is Guide dogs which can cost
about $20, 000 and they can be useful for about 5 – 6 years.
we have designed a smart electronic walking stick for blind people. Our project
proposes a low-cost walking stick based on latest technology and a new implementation
are made for efficient interface for blind people. Basically, the ultrasonic sensor is
implemented in the walking stick for detecting the obstacles in front of the
blind/impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it will alert the blind person to avoid
that obstacles and the alert in the form of buzzer. daily in different aspects in order to
provide flexible and safe movement for the people. In this technology driven world,
where people strive to live independently, this paper propose a low-cost 3D ultrasonic
stick for blind people to gain personal independence, so that they can move from one
place to another easily and safely. A portable stick is design and developed that detects
the obstacles in the path of the blind using ultrasonic sensors. The buzzer and vibration
motor are activated when any obstacle is detected.
ii
CONTENTS Page
No.
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………. i
Executive Summary…………………………………………………... ii
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective………………………………………………………... 1
1.2 Motivation………………………………………………………. 2
1.3 Background……………………………………………………... 3
3.TECHNICAL
3 SPECIFICATION
3.3 Buzzer,LED…………………………………………………….. 9
iii
4.SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.1.1.Introduction………………………………………………………. 11
4.1.2.System Benefits………………..…………………………………. 12
4.1.3.Features……………………………..……………………………. 12
4.1.4.Device Library……………..……………………………………... 12
4.2ARDUINO
4.2.1.Introduction………………………………………………………. 13
4.2.2.Arduino IDE……………………………………………………… 14
iv
6.PROJECT DEMONSTRATION
6.2.Result……………………………………………………………….. 21
6.3.Advantages……………………………………………………......... 22
6.4.Future Scope…………………………..…………………………… 22
7.COST ANALYSIS…………………………………………………... 23
8.SUMMARY…..……………………………………………………… 24
9.REFERENCES……………………………………………………… 25-26
v
LIST OF FIGURES
01 Arduino UNO 5
03 Ultrasonic Sensor 6
06 Ultrasonic Working 8
08 Buzzer in Proteus 9
vi
11 C++ based Arduino IDE 14
Smart Blindstick
13 Working of Blindstick 15
14 Beeping of Buzzer 16
16 Result 21
vii
ABBREVIATIONS
In this project, we introduce a smart stick system for assisting blind people. The smart
stick comes as a proposed solution to enable visually impaired people to find difficulties
in detecting obstacles and dangers in front of them during walking and to identify the
world around. The system is designed to act like an artificial vision and alarm unit The
system consists of sensors: ultrasonic sensor,and light sensor, microcontroller (Arduino
Uno ) to receive the sensor signals and process them to short pulses to the Arduino pins
where buzzers, vibrator and voice alarms are connected. We seek in our project to
provide a smart stick affordable and suitable for most blind people, and also it is light
in weight. It can be made available to all segments of the society and their families who
need them.
viii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. OBJECTIVE
1
1.2.MOTIVATION
2
1.3.BACKGROUND
Researchers have spent the decades to develop an intelligent and smart stick to assist
and alert visually impaired persons from obstacles and give information about their
location.
Over the last decades, research has been conducted for new devices to design a good
and reliable system for visually impaired persons to detect obstacles and warn them
at danger places. There are some systems which has some deficiencies.
ETA device has become a revolution over the last few decades to guide a visually
impaired person and to make their life even easier and safer. As the ETAs getting
popular day by day, researcher has been working on this field to make the device
even more light, portable, safe and low cost for better service. An ultrasonic sensor
based blind stick is proposed by Agarwal & Kumar in 2015 with GPS system,
vibrating motor and a buzzer. As they didn’t give any pictorial view of the stick, so
according to device description it seems to be pretty heavy. Besides that, there was
no information about how long the buzzer & vibrator would be in ON condition.
And the sending sms issue by an illiterate blind person seems to be quite impossible.
Another sensor based smart stick is introduced by Gayathri in 2014. It uses a GPS
receiver, vibrator and a headphone to navigate the blind person. But the device has
some limitations like: - water sensor can detect if the water level is over 0.5 cm, the
stick can detect only four types of obstacles (concrete wall, human body, plastic &
cardboard box) and it is not feasible to provide guidance at high intermittencies. An
outdoor navigating device also came into attention in 2012. The stick uses GPS
technology and a SD card to store information about different locations. But the
device cannot help in indoor environment as there is no GPS signal available. In
1973, an optical triangulation based laser cane was proposed, which could only
detect head-height obstacles . And in 1989, a navigating device equipped with a
small computer and sensors was planned . It took images and then translated them
into a series of audio cues to inform the user which routes are blocked by obstacles.
And after late nineties, wearable obstacle detection system was introduced, which
was quite heavy to wear and handle .
3
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOAL
We here propose an advanced blind stick that allows visually challenged people to
navigate with ease using advanced technology. The blind stick is integrated with
ultrasonic sensor along with light and water sensing. Our proposed project first uses
ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonic waves. On sensing
obstacles the sensor passes this data to the arduino Uno. The arduino uno then
processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough. If the obstacle is
not that close the circuit does nothing. If the obstacle is close the arduino Uno sends
a warning in the form of voice. It also detects and sounds a different buzzer if it
detects water and alerts the blind. The stick also includes the vibrator.If the obstacle
is close the arduino uno sends a warning through vibration. Water detection is done
by water sensor. One more feature is that it allows the blind to detect if there is light
or darkness in the room. The system has one more advanced feature integrated to
help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it. A wireless RF based
remote is used for this purpose. Pressing the remote button sounds a buzzer on the
stick which helps the blind person to find their stick.
Developing the product at minimal cost becomes the key agenda of the project. If
the person wants to know the directions to get to the right location, he/she can
actually press a button associated for the purpose, the direction based audio message
is heard by them using the Bluetooth based audio device. Infrared which is present
at the bottom of the stick can detect presence of holes and steps.
4
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
3.1.ARDUINO UNO
Arduino can control the environment by receiving input signals (Digital/Analog)
and can effects its surroundings by controlling lights, relays and other devices. The
microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino software.It is an open-
source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino
boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set
of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software , based on
Processing.
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328p. It has 20pins out
of which 16 digital input and output pins and 6 analog input pins , 16MHZ Quartz
crystal, power jack, ICSP header and reset button comparetor PIC microcontroller
, it is very easy to perform with arduino since it is user friendly, The Operation
Voltage is 5V, You can directly connect it to computer with USB cable, power it
with AC-DC adapter or battery.
5
Fig 02:Arduino UNO in Proteus
3.2.ULTRASONIC SENSOR(HC-SR04)
As the name indicates, ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic
waves.The sensor head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected
back from the target. Ultrasonic Sensors measure the distance to the target by
measuring the time between the emission and reception.
6
Fig 04:Ultrasonic Sensor in Proteus
7
Fig 06:Ultrasonic Working
8
3.3. Buzzer
A transducer (converts electrical energy into mechanical energy) that typically
operates A buzzer is in the lower portion of the audible frequency range of 20
Hz to 20 kHz. This is accomplished by converting an electric, oscillating signal
in the audible range, into mechanical energy, in the form of audible waves.
Buzzer is used in this research to warn the blind person against obstacle by
generating sound proportional to distance from obstacle .
Vibrator
A vibrator motor is included to enhance the overall feedback for the person who
receives the warning against obstacles closeness in different formats of
vibrations.
9
Fig 9:Battery,Wires and PCB
10
4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.1.1.Introduction
11
4.1.2.System Benefits
Integrated package with common user interface and fully context sensitive help
make for a quick and easy learning process. Technical support direct from the
program authors means that expert help is available when you need it. Virtual
Prototyping with Proteus VSM substantially cuts both software and hardware
development time and cost.
4.1.3.Features
• Produces publication quality schematics.
• Style templates allow customization of supplied library parts.
• Mouse driven, context sensitive user interface.
• Automatic ‘follow me’ wire routing and junction dot placement/removal.
• Hierarchical design including parameterization of sub-circuit component values.
• Full support for buses including sub-circuit ports and bus pins.
• Preview of PCB footprints whilst selecting components and making new library parts.
• Comprehensive representation for homogenous and heterogeneous multi-element parts
including connectors.
• Sophisticated management of component properties including customization of the
relevant dialogue forms.
• Large and growing component library of over 10,000 parts, most complete with ready
to use simulator models.
• Netlist formats: Labcenter SDF, SPICE, SPICE-AGE, Tango, Boardmaker,
EEDesigner, Futurenet, Racal & Valid.
4.1.4.Device Library
ISIS comes with a device library including over 10,000 parts. The libraries
include standard symbols, transistors, diodes, thermionic valves, TTL, CMOS,
ECL, microprocessor and memory parts, PLDs, analog ICs and op-amps as well
as manufacturer specific libraries from National Semiconductor, Philips,
Motorola, Teccor, Texas and Zetex. More libraries are being created as part of
an ongoing programme.
12
4.2. ARDUINO
4.2.1.Introduction
In 2008 the number of devices on the internet exceeded the number of people
on the internet. It is esti-mated in 2020 there would be over 50 billion devices
connected. Internet of Things (IOT) is starting to support the process connecting
real-world to the Internet. Sensors and microprocessors are recording and
transmitting data to the Internet. Rapidly increasing Internet-connected sensors
means that new classes of technical capabilities and applications are being
created. Constant monitoring is deepening the understanding of the internal and
external worlds encountered by humans. High-frequency data processing is
developing how humans adapt to the different kinds of data flows enabled by
the IOT.
Arduino is an open source tool for developing computers that can sense and
control more of the physical world than desktop computer. It is an open-source
physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a
development environment for writing software for the board. The software is
written in C or C++ programming language. The Arduino development board
is an implementation of wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which
is based on the processing multimedia programming environment. (Arduino
2011a.)
This single chip microcontroller has a microprocessor, which comes from a
company called Atmel. The chip is known as an AVR. The AVR chip is running
at only 16 MHz with an 8-bit core, and has a very limited amount of available
memory, with 32 kilobytes of storage and 2 kilobytes of random access
memory. Basic model of Arduino is shown in Graph 5. Arduino setup build
around Atmel microprocessor causes it to be easy and popular to be used in all
different kinds of DIY projects. (Evans 2011, 2-3; Banzi 2011, 17-18.)
13
4.2.2. Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE is programming environment that allows the user to draft different
kind of programs and load them into the Arduino microcontroller. Arduino uses
user-friendly programming language, which is based on programming language
called Processing. After the user has written his code, IDE compiles and
translates the code to the assembler language. After translating the code, the
IDE uploads the pro-gram to the Arduino microcontroller. Arduino IDE has a
built-in code parser that will check the user written code before sending it to the
Arduino. IDE software includes the set of different kind of programs that are
ready to be tested on the device. After testing the program it can be uploaded to
the Arduino by USB cable that vary in different models (Banzi 2011, 20-21).
14
5. DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS
5.1.PROPOSED MODEL
This Arduino Smart Blind Stick Project requires two separate circuits. One is the
main circuit which will be mounted on the blind man’s stick. The other is a small
remote RF transmitter circuit which will be used to locate the main circuit. The main
board’s circuit diagram is shown below:
15
5.2. SMART BLINDSTICK USING PROTEUS
An Arduino Uno is used to control all the sensors. The complete board is
powered by a 5V battery . The Ultrasonic sensor is powered by 5V and the
trigger and Echo pin is connected to Arduino uno pin 8 and 9 as shown below.
The output of the board is given by the Buzzer 1,Buzzer 2 which is connected
to pin 4 and pin 6 and LED to pin no. 5.
So that is how a Blind person can track his stick. Once we are ready with our
hardware, we can connect the Arduino to our Computer and start programming.
16
5.3.PROGRAMMING FOR ARDUINO UNO
/*
*/
#define trigPin 9
#define echoPin 8
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
void loop() {
Serial.begin(9600);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delay(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
17
delay(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer1, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer2, LOW);
digitalWrite(Led1, LOW)
if (distance<10) {
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(20);
}
if (distance<40) {
digitalWrite(buzzer1, HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(buzzer2, HIGH);
delay(20);
if (distance<40) {
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(buzzer1, HIGH);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(buzzer2, HIGH);
delay(20);
}
} 18
5.4.PROGRAMMING FOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR
#ifndef Ultrasonic_h
#define Ultrasonic_h
#include "Arduino.h"
else
#include "WProgram.h"
endif
#define CM 1
#define INC 0
class Ultrasonic
public:
long Timing();
private:
int Trig_pin;
int Echo_pin;
long Time_out;
long duration,distance_cm,distance_inc;
Endif
19
6.PROJECT DEMONSTRATION
The main part in the system is the microcontroller that controls the other components
in the system.The hardware consists of ultrasonic sensor used for the detecting of
obstacles in front of the blind person. In this hardware it consists of two number of
buzzers.A LED is connected for notification purpose . One is for ultrasonic and another
one is for RF Receiver and Transmitter. The emergency button is also provided in the
stick. If there is any emergency condition occurs for the blind person, the person needs
to press the button once, and the location will be transferred to the guardian mobile
phone.
20
6.2.RESULT
Fig 16:Result
21
6.3.ADVANTAGES OF SMART BLIND STICK USING ARDUINO
6.4.FUTURE SCOPE
22
7.COST ANALYSIS
23
8. SUMMARY
24
9.REFFERENCE:-
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for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science,
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[2] R. Radhika, P.G. Pai, S. Rakshitha and R. Srinath “Implementation of Smart Stick
for Obstacle Detection and Navigation.” International Journal of Latest Research in
Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, number 5, pp. 45-50, 2016.
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Approach to Assist Visually Disabled Persons.” International Journal of Scientific and
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Walking Stick for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 80-85, 2016.
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Elegant and Economic Walking Aid.” American Journal of Engineering Research. Vol.
3, number 10, pp. 84-89, 2014.
[6] C.S. Kher, Y.A. Dabhade, S.K Kadam., S.D. Dhamdhere and A.V. Deshpande “An
Intelligent Walking Stick for the Blind.” International Journal of Engineering Research
and General Science, vol. 3, number 1, pp. 1057-1062, 2015.
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Impaired.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, vol. 4, number 7, pp. 6389-6395, 2015.
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25
[11] G. Prasanthi and P. Tejaswitha “Sensor Assisted Stick for the Blind People.”
Transactions on Engineering and Sciences, vol. 3, number 1, pp. 12-16, 2015.
[12] Sung Jae Kang, et al." Development of an Intelligent Guide-Stick for the Blind",
Proceeding of the IEEE international Conference on Robotics & Automation, 2001.
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[15] AlbertoRodriguez, et al., "Obstacle avoidance system for assisting visually
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[16] ShrutiDambhare, et al., "Smart stick for Blind: Obstacle Detection, Artificial
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26
10. APPENDIX A
GANTT CHART
27
Curriculum vitae
CGPA: 7.23
Examinations taken:GATE
Curriculum vitae
CGPA: 8.32
CGPA: 6.8
Examinations taken:GATE
Curriculum vitae
CGPA: 8.1
Examinations taken:GATE
Curriculum vitae
CGPA: 6.70
Examinations taken:GATE