Chapter 6 Plant Biotechnology

1) Golden rice gets its characteristic yellow color from beta-carotene that is converted into
________.

A) vitamin A

B) vitamin C

C) vitamin E

D) vitamin D

E) None of these choices

Answer: A

2) The main purpose of creating Flavr Savr tomatoes was ________.

A) to make larger tomatoes

B) to make tomatoes ripen faster

C) to make tomatoes rot-resistant

D) to make tomatoes taste better

E) to improve the vitamin A content of tomatoes

Answer: C
3) Which of the following techniques was used to create the Flavr Savr tomato?

A) Gene knockout

B) Transgenic technology

C) RNAi

D) Antisense RNA

E) Stem cell technology

Answer: D

4) RoundUp-resistant plants are designed to ________.

A) improve nutritional value of crops

B) make crops heat-resistant

C) make crops cold-resistant

D) increase vitamin B content

E) provide resistance against herbicides

Answer: E

5) Bt transgenic crops are designed to ________.

 A) improve the nutritional value of crops

B) make crops heat-resistant

C) make crops cold-resistant

D) increase vitamin B content

E) provide resistance to insects

Answer: E

6) Golden rice was created to increase the ________ content of rice.

A) EPSPS

B) polygalacturonase (PG)

C) cry

D) Ti

E) β-carotene

Answer: E

7) The microbial source of cry genes used to make insect-resistant transgenic plants is ________.

A) Thermus aquaticus

B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

C) Bacillus thuringiensis
 D) Escherichia coli

E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: C

8) The first genetically modified food product available for human consumption in the United States
was ________.

A) the Flavr Savr tomato

B) Golden Rice

C) ice-minus bacteria

D) RoundUp Ready corn

E) Bt corn

Answer: A

9) Plant cells with their cell walls removed are called ________.

A) calluses

B) protozoa

C) protoplasts

D) germplasm

E) auxins
Answer: C

10) What microbe is responsible for crown gall disease in plants and is used to create transgenic
plants incorporating Ti vectors?

A) Thermus aquaticus

B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

C) Bacillus thuringiensis

D) Escherichia coli

E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: B

11) Plants with more than the typical set of two chromosomes are known as ________.

A) euploid

B) polyploid

C) aneuploid

D) diploid

E) triploid

Answer: B
12) Damaged plant cells that have a mass called a ________ can then go on to have redifferentiation
capabilities.

A) callus

B) fusion

C) protoplast

D) diploid

E) hybrid

Answer: A

13) In addition to the nucleus of a plant cell, a gene gun can be aimed at ________.

A) a Golgi body

B) mitochondria

C) a nucleolus

D) a chloroplast

E) a cell membrane

Answer: D

14) A type of biofuel that comes from algae that resembles alkanes is ________.
 A) ethanol

B) coal

C) cellulose

D) methane

E) biodiesel

Answer: E

15) A common herbicide that crops can be engineered to resist is ________.

A) glyphosphate

B) ethanol

C) diesel

D) methane

E) ethane

Answer: A

16) What are some of the benefits of using genetically modified crops?

Answer: The crops can be made resistant to heat, cold, pesticides and other natural phenomena.
The crops can also be made to spoil at a much slower rate.
17) What is the harm that can come from genetically modified crops?

Answer: Although a clear answer to this is unknown, many people fear the long-term effects of
these crops. Some fear they may do damage to human DNA or organs. The long-term health risks are
just not well-documented at this time.

18) Define and explain the use of antisense technology in plant biotechnology.

Answer: Antisense technology blocks the mRNA of a gene and, therefore, blocks translation. An
example of this is blocking the gene for polygalacturnase (PG), an enzyme involved in the normal
decay of plants. By using antisense technology, PG gene expression is partially blocked, thereby
slowing the rotting process of the fruit. Antisense technology usually does not result in complete
blockage of a gene product, but it can substantially block it.

Introduction to Biotechnology, 3e (Thieman)

Chapter 7 Animal Biotechnology

1) The transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cells is known as ________.

A) transformation
 B) transduction

C) transfection

D) transcription

E) translation

Answer: C

2) An enucleated egg cell ________.

A) contains an extra copy of a gene

B) has two nuclei

C) lacks a nucleus

D) cannot be used for cloning

E) is a type of stem cell

Answer: C

3) What types of cells fuse together to form hybridomas for making monoclonal antibodies?

A) Bacterial cells and T cells

B) Myeloma cells and B cells

C) Liver cells and antibody-forming cells

D) Monoclonal antibodies and myeloma cells

 E) None of these choices

Answer: B

4) Which of the following approaches is not used to create a transgenic animal?

A) Sperm-mediated DNA transfer

B) Pronuclear microinjection

C) Transfection of ES cells

D) Retrovirus-mediated transgenesis

E) Embryo twinning

Answer: E

5) Which of the following techniques involves using tiny DNA-covered spheres of gold or other
metals to deliver transgenes into plant or animal cells?

A) Retrovirus-mediated transfer

B) Pronuclear microinjection

C) Electroporation

D) Gene gun

E) Calcium chloride transformation

Answer: D
6) Carbon Copy is a ________.

A) transgenic goat

B) cloned cow

C) chimera

D) cloned cat

E) None of these choices

Answer: D

7) ________ animals contain an inserted and functional gene from another source.

A) Knockout

B) Transgenic

C) Polyploid

D) Selectively bred

E) Cloned

Answer: B
8) ________ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted and
rendered nonfunctional.

A) Knockout

B) Transgenic

C) Polyploid

D) Selectively bred

E) Cloned

Answer: A

9) Which of the following techniques has been used to clone sheep, cats, cows, and several other
types of mammals?

A) DNA cloning

B) Somatic cell nuclear transfer

C) Therapeutic cloning

D) Electroporation

E) Gene knockout

Answer: B

10) A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that ________.

 A) retroviruses cannot be used to make transgenic animals

B) retroviruses only work with Ti vectors

C) retroviruses only integrate DNA at specific sites

D) retroviruses integrate DNA randomly in the genome

E) retroviruses can only be used to make transgenic plants

Answer: D

11) In what phase of clinical trials are animals used?

A) Preclinical testing

B) Phase I

C) Phase II

D) Phase III

E) Post launch

Answer: A

12) What is the purpose of using animals in clinical trials?

A) To test the safety of a compound

 B) To assess the biological activity of a compound

C) To decide how to produce (i.e., manufacture) the compound

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: D

13) Embryo twinning refers to ________.

A) a cloning step that involves enucleation

B) a cloning step that involves splitting embryos in half

C) a technique used in only primate cloning

D) a novel technique not yet employed by scientists

E) a cloning step that involves one half of an embryo

Answer: B

14) Which of the following transgenic techniques requires no vector to be used?

A) Embryonic stem cell method

B) Retrovirus-mediated method

C) Pronuclear injection method

D) Sperm-mediated transfer method

E) Plasma cell membrane fusion method

Answer: C

15) Which of the following transgenic techniques requires linker proteins?

A) Embryonic stem cell method

B) Retrovirus-mediated method

C) Pronuclear injection method

D) Sperm-mediated transfer method

E) Plasma cell membrane fusion method

Answer: D

16) Which of the following transgenic techniques requires ES cells to be collected from the inner
blastocyst?

A) Embryonic stem cell method

B) Retrovirus-mediated method

C) Pronuclear injection method

D) Sperm-mediated transfer method

E) Plasma cell membrane fusion method

Answer: A
17) Homologous recombination ________.

A) occurs during meiosis as a normal process

B) is used in plant cell activation

C) must be used to produce animal bioreactors

D) occurs when creating a knockout animal

E) is a technique not proven to be successful

Answer: D

18) In a gene knock-in experiment, ________.

A) the effect is exactly the same as a knockout

B) the animal gene of interest is replaced with the human counterpart gene

C) the gene is non-functional

D) the embryo cannot survive to birth

E) the gene product is produced to at least twice the normal levels

Answer: B

19) One of the most common organisms used to produce knockouts is ________.
 A) cows

B) horses

C) mice

D) Drosophila

E) All of the above

Answer: C

20) Monoclonal antibodies ________.

A) are fairly non-specific

B) have not yet been approved by the FDA

C) have not been found to treat any disorders

D) are produced from myeloma cells only

E) are highly specific to a particular antigen

Answer: E

21) What are the benefits of using animals in research?

Answer: The benefits include the development of vaccines, the development of treatment options
such as dialysis, the development of new surgical techniques, and product isolation from transgenic
animals.
22) What are the three “Rs” related to regulation of animal research?

Answer: The three Rs are:

reduce the number of higher species used in animal testing (such as primates)

replace animals with alternative models where possible

refine tests and experiments to ensure the best conditions for the animals

23) Why did Dolly the sheep die at a young age?

Answer: Although Dolly was created by animal cloning, it appears the characteristics and phenotype
of the older sheep from which Dolly was cloned were passed on to Dolly. Therefore, because the
donor organism was older, Dolly aged at a more rapid rate and experienced conditions usually not
experienced until later in a sheep’s life.

24) Explain the idea of transgenic animals as “bioreactors.”

Answer: The biotechnology product is made in the milk or eggs of the animal. For this to occur, the
gene that produces the product of interest is inserted into the organism via transgenic techniques,
and then the animal is raised to adulthood. The product is engineered to be isolated from the
animal’s milk or eggs, thus causing no harm to the animal.