CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Introduction Plastics are invariably accused of polluting natural resources and
contributing to our environmental problem thereby affecting eco-balance.
Amongst environment issues, throwing away broken and discarded items of use,
as wastes through 'garbageJ and 'rubbish' are rituals for us concern every one of
society. Discarded and used paper, boardslcartons and colourful plastic
packaging and related items of consumer use are more prominently spotted in
any garbage dump, may it be household, landfills, industrial, and institutional
including hospitals. With the constant urbanisation and industrialisation around
the world, the problem of discarded items of use and their disposal through
garbage has outgrown. As nation industrialises and its economy develops with
prosperity, its people demand and look for a better quality of life. People
become more conscious of the air, the water and the land and they express a
desire for better standards of health, hygiene and safety. It is a gradual climbing
in man's ladder of need hierarchy with greater affluence, and plastics do play an
important role in improving modem life.
The improvement in general standard of living and economic growth coincides
with higher levels of plastics consumption. Plastics as materials have become a
natural choice in varied applications due to their versatile qualities, inherent
properties and economic value. It benefited in a major way to the low and
medium income people. With the use of plastics, the cost of living could be
controlled retaining the same or better level of cleanness and beauty in home.
For example, the cost of plastics household utensils are very low compared to
those items made out of metals, glass etc. Despite this during the last few years
the general image of plastics have become poorer vis-a-vis the environment.
Every day major Newspapers of the country are seen having published at least a
little news on plastics. It may be either on pollution, or waste disposal or ban on
plastics in different states or localities. Day after day reports are coming from
different states or tenitories on the ban on plastics.
India is set to impose a nationwide ban on plastic bags, cups and straws on
October 2, officials said, in its most sweeping measure yet to stamp out single-
use plastics from cities and villages that rank among the world's most polluted.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is leading efforts to scrap such plastics by
2022, is set to launch the campaign with a ban on as many as six items on
October 2, the birth anniversary of independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, two
officials said. These include plastic bags, cups, plates, small bottles, straws and
certain types of sachets, said the officials, who asked not to be identified, in line
with government policy.
"The ban will be comprehensive and will cover manufacturing, usage and
import of such items," one official said.
The environment and housing ministries, the two main ministries leading the
drive, did not respond to emails from Reuters to seek comment.
In an Independence Day speech on August 15, Modi had urged people and
government agencies to "take the first big step" on October 2 towards freeing
India of single-use plastic.
Concerns are growing worldwide about plastic pollution, with a particular focus
on the oceans, where nearly 50% of single-use plastic products end up, killing
marine life and entering the human food chain, studies show.
The European Union plans to ban single-use plastic items such as straws, forks,
knives and cotton buds by 2021.
China's commercial hub of Shanghai is gradually reining in use of single-use
plastics in catering, and its island province of Hainan has already vowed to
completely eliminate single-use plastic by 2025.
India lacks an organised system for management of plastic waste, leading to
widespread littering across its towns and cities. The ban on the first six items of
single-use plastics will clip 5% to 10% from India's annual consumption of
about 14 million tonnes of plastic, the first official said.
Penalties for violations of the ban will probably take effect after an initial six-
month period to allow people time to adopt alternatives, officials said.
A few states have already outlawed polythene bags. The government also plans
tougher environmental standards for plastic products and will insist on the use
of recyclable plastic only, the first source said. It will also ask e-commerce
companies to cut back on plastic packaging that makes up nearly 40% of India's
annual plastic consumption, officials say.

1. The prescribed authority for the enforcement of these rules relating to

manufacture and recycling shall be the State Pollution Control Boards of
respective states.
2. The prescribed authority for enforcement of these rules relating to use,
collection, segregation, and transportation will be the District Collector.
3. Use of carry bags or containers of recycled plastics for packaging
foodstuff3 is prohibited.
4. Carry bags made of virgin plastics shall be in natural shade or white for
food application.
5. Carry bags made of recycled plastics and used for nonfood purposes will
be use colour as IS 9833:1981 entitled List of pigments and colourants for
use in plastics in contact with foodstuff, pharmaceuticals and drinking
water.
6. Manufacturers shall print on each packet of carry bags whether these
materials are made of recycled or virgin plastics.
7. Thickness of carry bags made of virgin plastics or recycled plastics shall
not be less than 20 microns.
8. Industry associations shall undertake self-regulatory measures.
9. Penalties include fine up to Rs.One Lakh or imprisonment for Five years
or both for traders and fine up to Rs.2000 for users. 10. Shop Licence
shall be cancelled in case of defaulters. The ministry of Environment and
Forests of the Central Government also issued a Guideline on the
Management of Plastics Packaging and Packaging waste in India. This
Guideline is given in Appendix. Many of the state governments already
issued notifications based on Central government notifications. Some of
them had ban the use of plastics in tourist places and temple localities
Background

Plastic bags were first introduced in 1977, however, plastic bag became a global
issue because bags are made from polyethylene and they are nonrenewable
resources. According to the EPA, between 500 billion and a trillion plastic bags
are consumed worldwide each year. Every hour, approximately 200,000 plastic
bags are being transferred to the land filled and may take a long process of up to
1,000 years to break down. Plastic bags are not only harmful for human but also
the wildlife and waterways. Plastic pollution travels through local waterways
and goes to the ocean. On average 46,000 pieces of plastics floats in every
square mile of the ocean and create a threat to the sea animals.

As in 2010, it is estimated that nearly 238 billion plastic bags have been
consumed. Many cities had raised the potential awareness of plastic bags and
encourage the use of reusable bags. Campaigns such as Bring Your Own Bag
(BYOB) in 2010, the purpose of these campaigns is to encourage consumers to
bring your own reusable bags rather than using single use plastic or paper bags.

One successful environmental campaign include the Earth Day, during the Earth
day week, communities celebrate the week focusing on environmental issues.
One of the issues they reinforce is the use of plastic bags, and the promotion of
reusable bags. -Some retail stores would promote reusable bags during specific
week. For example, as on April 22, 2012, Target had given away one free
reusable bag per guest.
Benefits of Reusable Bags:
· Minimize the quantity of waste
· Minimize the burdens in wildlife and waterways
· Protect the earth by minimizing toxic pollution and contamination
· Increase the quality of our ecosystem
· Made from eco-friendly materials so it is less harmful to the environment

Use of “plastic bans” banned in some states in India:

To control pollution to the environment by the use of plastic bags several

states in the country have banned the use of plastic bags as listed Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan Himanchal Pradesh, Goa and West
Bengal.

Plastic ban in Karnataka:

The state government on march 11 issue on official gazette

notification starting complete and total ban on plastic and all plastics in the
state. The notification has specifically mentioned that plastic no matter its
thickness will be banned across the state.

The notification cites: No shopkeeper, vendor, wholesale dealer,

retailer, trader, hawker or salesman shall use plastic carry bags, plastic
banners, plastic buntings, flex, plastic flags, plastic plates, plastic cups,
plastic spoons, cling films and plastic sheets for spreading on dinning table
irrespective of thickness including the above items made of thermacol and
plastic which use plastic micro beds.
EFFECTS OF PLASTIC
Effects of plastic ban in Karnataka by government is a good move taken
by government. Karnataka capital is Bangalore which is well known to Garden
City has become garbage city in recent years due to vast increase in use of
plastic and bad environment conditions. The government stressed that it
imposed the ban while taking into account the use of plastic on a daily basis and
allowing it would result in further environmental complications. It further said
that by further allowing the use of plastic Bengaluru would become a city of
plastic waste. Thus, it was the right time to ban the plastic which would help to
overcome the problems

1. Plastic bags do not only pollute our water but also our land. Plastic
bags are usually lightweight and as such, they can travel very long
distances by either water or wind. Wind blows these plastic bags and
trashes a whole area. These litters gets caught up in between trees,
fences and floats in water bodies thus moving to the world’s oceans.

2. The plastic bags are made from non-renewable sources and on this
account, highly contribute to climate change. Most of plastic is
made of polypropylene which is a material manufactured from
petroleum and natural gas. All of the materials are non-renewable
fossil fuel-based materials and through their extraction and even
production, greenhouse gases are created which further contribute
to global climate change.

3. A lot of energy is used in producing these bags. The total amount of

energy required to drive a car for one kilometre or 0.5 miles is the
equivalent energy required to produce nine plastic bags. It is not
rational that these non-renewable resources are used to make plastic
bags when the typical useful life of each and every plastic bag is
around 12 minutes.

4. Plastic bags do not degrade. In truth, petroleum based plastic bags

never degrade. Instead of the plastic degrading, it is broken down into
small tiny pieces which are swept down and end up in the oceans
 which are then consumed by wildlife. Currently, there are
approximately 46,000-1,000,000 plastic fragments floating within
every square mile of the globes oceans.

5. Plastic bags are harmful to wildlife and marine life. Birds, animals
and marine life such as sea turtles and fish often mistake the plastic
bag and other plastic materials for food and consume them. What
happens once they consume these plastic materials is that their
digestive system gets congested leading to the development of health
infections and death when there is suffocation. The animals may also
become easily entangled inside the plastic.

6. Plastic bags are harmful to human health. There are some

chemicals from the plastic bags which can disrupt the normal
functioning of hormones in the body. Most plastic fragments in the
oceans like plastic bags have some pollutants such as PCBs
(polychlorinated biphenyl) together with PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons) which are hormone disrupting. Once the marine animals
consume these chemicals, they move through the food web then later
into the humans who consume fish together with other marine animals.
The chemical materials bio-accumulates in the sea animals and fish
system as they are exposed to them in the ocean waters. When the
humans prepare them they consume all these chemicals affecting their
healths. They could develop cancers or other serious conditions.

7. Plastic bags are expensive and hard to clean or remove from the
environment. The amount of plastic bag cleanup is around 17 cents
per bag thus in average the taxpayers end up paying around $88 each
year just on plastic bag waste. These plastic bags also cost 3-5 cents
each. Thus, the plastic considered free is not free after all. Individuals
pay a lot to purchase them and even for reusing them. For this reason,
plastics should simply be banned.

8. Plastic bags have external costs. Several costs are attributed to the
production of plastic bags. A prime example is the production and
environmental costs.
9. Plastic bags are not easy to recycle. Plastic bags are said to present
significant challenge in terms of recycling. Recycling facilities do not
have the capacity to recycle plastic bags and thus do not accept them.
Therefore, the actual recycling rate for plastic bags is around 5%.

10. Plastic bags tend to last more; perhaps forever and we even use so
many of them. Plastic bags never degrade completely which shows
that as more of them are produced by companies, then more are
introduced into the environment. Therefore, the more the amount of
plastic bags the more there is plastic pollution and its effects. Banning
the use of plastic bags will help reduce this great effect.

11. Even if we did decide to recycle plastic bags, these materials still
do end up in oceans and landfills. Recycling the plastic bags does not
affect the fact that they will still be dumped into the environment and
end up into either landfills or oceans. These recycled plastic bags are
not degradable and cause the same effects as non-recycled plastic bags.

12. These plastic bags are impacting the environment negatively in

that they are making the Great Pacific garbage patch bigger every
minute. Most of the plastic materials once released into the
environment find their way into waterways and once they are there
they dumped into oceans. Great Pacific Ocean is one such area
negatively affected with all the plastic material. The more they are
thrown into the oceans the more they increase causing the
garbage patch to increase in size.

13.Bans should be adopted because they are greatly effective at

reducing plastic big waste. China banned plastic bags and four years
later, the amount of plastic bags thrown into the environment had
reduced by 40 billion. If the US bans plastic bags, there would be
fewer landfills.

14. Plastic bags help keep our streets clean. Most of our cities are not
clean especially Indian and most African country streets because
people don’t care to know where they throw their garbage. They do it
 in water bodies, streets and in the landfills. These wastes litter our
streets making them look ugly affecting their aesthetic value

15. It helps spread awareness. When we ban plastic bags, we keep

our environment clean and at the same time send some message globally
about the importance of environment protection. People learn that
banning plastic is for a reason and they can take up such important
information. They can subsequently begin to understand that the plastic
causes some negative effects and the environment and humans need
protection against them.

Plastic Ban In India So Far

A 2015 report by the NGO Toxics Link noted that 15 states in India have placed
a complete ban on plastic bags and 5 states have placed partial bans on these. 9
states in India, including the likes of Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
have no ban on plastic bags. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in its
annual report of 2015-16 noted that the difference in plastic waste generation
between states that have banned plastic bags and the ones that haven’t was
minimal, and in some cases, non-existent.

Karnataka, which has banned plastic bags since March 2016 generated 1,29,000
tonnes of plastic waste in 2016, compared to the similarly size state (in terms of
population) of Andhra Pradesh which generated 1,28,480 tonnes of plastic
waste in 2016, without any bans

Plastic Ban: The Differences

The nature of bans on plastic across India has hurt the process of imposing bans,
feels environmentalist Ashok Rawat, head of the NGO Conserve. The lack of
universality in banning plastic bags has hurt the overall imposition and impact
that would have been there, had bans been implemented across the country. In
a Himachal Pradesh, plastic bags less than 70 microns are banned, whereas
in West Bengal, bags less than 50 microns are banned. The nature of ban on
plastic bags is not equally distributed across India, and that may have had a
negative impact on its implementation.
Even among state pollution control boards, confusion reigns supreme with the
nature of bans placed in their respective states. Ashish Tiwari, member
secretary at Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) said that plastics
with thickness less than 50 microns are banned in the state, whereas CPCB lists
UP as a state with complete ban on plastics. In Chandigarh, a ban on plastic
bags has been in place since 2008, but municipal officials have found it nearly
impossible to impose the ban, despite fining shopkeepers, as shopkeepers keep
buying plastic bags from neighbouring states.

Plastic Ban: Urban Rural Divide

Urban India fares worse than its rural counterpart in generating plastic waste. Of
India’s annual waste generation of 62 million tonnes, 5 million is plastic waste
generated by India’s cities. The national capital Delhi generates over 689 tonnes
of plastic waste in a day, followed by Chennai at 429.30 tonnes and Mumbai at
408 tonnes. Among states, Maharashtra tops the list of plastic waste producers,
with 4.6 lakh (4,69,098) tonnes per year, followed by Gujarat at 2.6 lakh
(2,69,000) and Tamil Nadu at 1.5 lakh (1,50,323) tonnes.

Single-use plastic ban: Single-use plastic items including plastic bags, spoons,

cups, straws and bottles will be banned with effect from October 2, 2019, on the
occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary. The Narendra Modi-led
Union Government aims to completely eliminate the use of single-use plastic by
2022.
India generates about 9.4 million tonnes of plastic waste each year and with no
effective disposal method, the plastic waste ends up the roadsides, in landfills
and water bodies. Plastic waste management is a global concern. Globally,
around 90 percent of the plastic produced is discarded as waste. So far, more
than 60 countries have banned single-use plastic or curbed its use. 

Single-use plastic ban from October 2

India is set to impose a nation-wide ban on single-use plastic on October 2,
2019, on the occasion of the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. As
per reports, six single-use plastic items will be scrapped with effect from the
day including plastic bags, straws, cups, plates, small bottles and certain types
of sachets.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has set the goal to make India free of
single-use plastics by 2022, had appealed to the nation to stop the use of single-
use plastic in his speech on India’s Independence Day. The Union Government
is expected to launch a nation-wide campaign against single-use plastic in the
second week of September.

Single-use plastic items

The single-use plastic ban is expected to cover six single-use plastic items
initially including plastic bags, straws, cups, plates, small bottles and certain
types of sachets. The ban will cover manufacturing, usage and import of such
items. The centre has asked all the Ministries to participate in the campaign.
The campaign is a part of the central government’s ongoing Swatch Bharat
Mission.

Single-use plastic alternatives

The Union Food and Consumer Affairs Minister Ram Vilas Paswan had earlier
asked Pepsi, Coco Cola and other packaged drinks manufacturers to come up
with an alternative packaging solution. The Minister had convened a meeting
with bottled water manufacturers and various government departments to find a
suitable alternative to single-use plastic bottles for selling drinking water to
prepare ahead for the single-use plastic ban. 

The industry is aiming to produce packaging material that is recyclable with the
use of high viscosity polymer. For the packaging of milk, the industry is looking
to manufacture milk pouches from polyester filament yarn (PFY). The yarn is
recyclable and can be used 45-50 times. The pouches and bags could be sent
back by the customers to their milk suppliers. 

India's effort to curb use of single-use plastic

India in the first phase of its campaign against single-use plastic will spread
nation-wide awareness about harmful effects of single-use plastic. In the second
phase, the government agencies will collect all the single-use plastic items and
they will be  recycled in the last phase.
The government will be introducing penalties for violation of the single-use
plastic ban but the penalties are expected to come into effect six months after
the ban, in order to give people time to adopt alternatives to the single-use
plastic items.

Some states in India have already introduced a ban on sale, storage and use of
single-use plastic items such as Sikkim , Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Nagaland and Jharkhand .

Air India, national carrier also announced its plan of banning single-use plastic
items in its flights from October 2, 2019. In the first phase, the airlines will
implement the ban on all flights of Air India Express and Alliance air and in the
second phase, the plan will be implemented in Air India flights. 

Global single-use plastic ban 

The European Union has targeted to eliminate single-use plastic items such as
plastic straws, knives, forks and cotton buds by 2021.

China is also gradually cutting down its use of single-use plastics. One of
China's island provinces, Hainan, has already set its goal of eliminating single-
use plastic by 2025. The Chinese Government also imposed a ban on the import
of foreign plastic waste, forcing countries like the US and UK to find new
outlets to dispose off their plastic trash. As a result, plastic waste was redirected
in huge quantities to Southeast Asian nations. 

Marriott International, one of the world's largest hotel chain, also announced
that it would be eliminating the single-use toiletry bottles from its toiletry kit for
guests. The move is a part of the hotel chain to reduce its environmental impact.

Single-use plastic alternatives

There is no viable alternative as of now for single-use plastic items.  The

alternative to single-use plastic items, especially single-use plastic bottles,
which are used to sell packaged drinking water, needs to be affordable for the
consumers. A drinking water bottle, which costs Rs 20 currently, cannot be
priced higher than that. Further, customers have shown confidence in the sealed
water bottles over the years and hence, the alternative should also be up to the
mark. 
Since recycling of plastic is not a permanent solution, manufacturers of single-
use plastic have been asked to look for other alternatives that are biodegradable.
Railway ministry, which manufactures and sells packaged drinking water 'Rail
Neer' is also looking for alternatives including polymers to make their
packaging biodegradable.

High cost of production

It is said that the production of plastic material are very energy intensive. In
order to produce nine plastic bags, it takes the equivalent energy to drive a car
one kilometer (more than 0.5 miles). Using these resources to make plastic bags
is not advisable since the life of plastic bag is just about 12 minutes. Plastic bags
are not easy to recycle

Most of the plastics are not recyclable. Though some kinds of plastic bags can
be recyclable, many done possess the technology or the plants to recycle them.
According to various estimates, the actual recycling rate for plastic bags is
about 5- 6 percent.

Threat to marine life

Since plastic bags are not recyclable, they end up in the oceans. While they
reach, they break up into tiny little pieces and are consumed by wildlife. It is
estimated that 46,000-1,000,000 plastic fragments floating within every square
mile of the world’s oceans. Due to their size, they are often mistaken for food
by animals, birds, and marine life like fish, whales and sea turtles. Thereby
congesting their digestive system lead to health issues such as infections or even
death by suffocation. Many animals also get entangled or trapped.

Harmful to human health

Toxic chemicals from plastic bags can damage the blood and tissues. Frequent
exposures can lead to cancers, birth defects, impaired immunity, hormone
changes, endocrine disruption and other serious ailments.

How plastic ban can hurt the economy

Impact on trade

The Plastic industry in the country employs about 40 lakh people which include
more than 30,000 processing units. Around 85-90 percent of which are small
and medium - sized enterprises. A ban on the plastics could easy affect industry,
posing question on the trade and employment.

Best for Branding

Plastic bags offer the easiest way for printing the business logo, company name
and other relevant information. Printing cost is very low compared to paper and
cloth bags.

Cheaper than Paper Cloth Packaging

A piece of plastic bag will cost you no more than 10-15 paise which is much
cheaper than a paper bag costing 20-25 paise per piece. This means that
purchasing plastic bags in large quantities will be beneficial for small business
and improves profit margins.

Size and compact

Plastic bags are easy to open, pack and transport. That is the reason why they
are used widely in logistic and retail industry. In contrast, reusable cloth bags
consume more space and are quite heavy.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

It is to understand the impact of ban of plastic and to determine the hurdles that
hider the process of complete ban on plastic. The finding of this study would
have significant implications on implementing proper method that would
make the transaction from dependency to total non usages on plastic.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
Burning plastic in the open air leads to environmental pollution due to the
release of in poisonous chemicals. The polutate air when inhaled by humans and
animals effect their health and can cause respiratory problems. plastic bags tend
to disrupt by environmental in serious way they get into soil and slowly
release toxic chemicals, they eventually break down into soil with unfortunate
result being animals eat then and often choke and die.
 CHAPTER 2
RESARCH METODOLODY
RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and

analysis of the data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the
research purpose with economy in procedure.

The study is descriptive in nature i.e., descriptive research. Descriptive

research is concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular
individual or group. This includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of
different kinds. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has
no control over the variables; one can only report what has happened or what is
happening. Thus, the research design in case of descriptive study is a
comparative design throwing light on all the areas and must be prepared
keeping the objectives of the study and the resources available. This study
involves collection of data from Junior level Executives.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

• To determine people’s level of acceptance of the ban on plastic use.
• To identify the factors for the people’s resistance against the ban on plastic
bag use.
• To determine the level of awareness of the harmful effects of plastic among
the people.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The study is conducted through few primary data received by the plastic
users and shopkeepers. This study is more of secondary data, that is data
available from the government website and the data published in few sources.

DATA COLLECTION:

Primary Data:
• Primary data is collected through interaction with plastic users and
shopkeepers, who
were using plastic from so many decades

Secondary Data:
• Secondary data is collected through website of government, Municipality
members,
thesis on plastic waste, articles etc.

SCOPE OF STUDY:
The study focus on how government is taking initiation and strictly following
the ideas of
plastic ban in protecting the environment as a whole. This study is more on
creativity awareness
to the people and government to known ones and unknown ones on usage and
damages caused by
plastics.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:

• Data received from primary may not be accurate

• Time constraint

PLAN OF ANALYSIS:
The data received after interacting with respondents and data received from the
secondary sources are reviewed and observed. This observation is done on the
basis on how people take serious concern on usages of plastic as a whole.
Looking over to the opinion of the respondents and the government on plastic
ban is this an excellent decision from both ends taken by the higher authorities.
The data are defined on put into the experience of study.
 CHAPTER 3
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis

When we use SWOT analysis, Its often for strategic planning. It prepares

for decisions and gives an overall look at the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of business. But SWOT analysis can also be
used to increase and build upon customer satisfaction.
To give a well-rounded overview of  how to use SWOT analysis for a
boost in customer satisfaction, we’ll start with the Strengths
and Weaknesses first.

SWOT analysis, for any who may be unfamiliar, is a planning

method typically used in business strategy to identify
 the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that may face a
business or project.  
A number of us have likely had the opportunity to either observe or
participate in this exercise for the broader business in which we work.  A
quick overview of the core concepts:

Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization.  Strengths
represent positive attributes or characteristics, factors that provide an
advantage.  Weaknesses are attributes or characteristics that place the
business at a disadvantage relative to others.

Opportunities and threats

Opportunities and threats are external to the organization.  Opportunities
represent external trends and chances to improve performance –
something happening in the outside environment that presents positive
potential.  Threats are elements or trends in the outside environment that
could cause trouble for the business,  place it at risk.

STRENGTH
1. Encourages consumers to buy the reusable bags or bring their own bags.
2. Encourage in saving the environment.
3. Boost to economy
4. Clean city
WEAKNESS

1. Plastic bag are harmfull to environment

2. They eventually breakdown into soil

3. It pollutes the soil

4. Adicted to plastic bags

OPPORTUNITIES

1. Rescue the plastic bag

2. Eco friendly bag

3. Consumers can save cost if they started to bring environment bag

THREATS

1. Alternative plastic bag

2. More consumers

3. Continuity of plastic
 CHAPTER 4

OUTCOME OF THE STUDY

OUTCOME OF THE STUDY

1. The polythen bags are started to use in 2020

2. About 90% enforcement are ordered to control or reduce the use of the
plastic bag were monitored

3. A cash back scheme is liable which do not use the plastic bag

4. Recycle bag could establish an important policy-mix

5. It causes the ecological hazards as maximum plastic bags are not bio
degradable

6. The economy is interested plastic grocery bags both customers and

business as a reliable way to deliver the goods

7. This study shows that even small town with a population approximately
1.5 lakh is not free from means of plastic bag

8. To reduce the usage of plastic bag in economy the government has taken
the many initiatives

9. The study shows that the 80% of throwing plastic bags has decresed in
the economy

10. The people are not asking the frequently for the extra bags

11. The people are co operating and increase in use of the paper bags in the
economy

12. 80% of the respondent are supported to the plastic ban in the economy
and state

13. 40% of the people agreed that has society has enough information about
the dangers of plastic bags
14. Nearly 80% of the people agree that consumption of plastic bag has
reduced after the plastic bag ban

15. More then 50% of the people wishes that grocery store should charge Rs
1-5 for bags

16. 65% of the people agreed to plastic ban would help to improve
environment condition in environment

17. Nearly 90% of the people agree and rated 5 out of 4 which government
taken move to ban plastic bag
 CHAPTER 5
LEARNING EXPERIENCE SUGGESTION CONCLUSION AND
BIBILIOGRAPHY
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

This project gave me great opportunity to learn about the all aspects of the

PLASTIC BAN IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY And

helped me to know about current situation of the PLASTIC

The learning experience gained by me during the in plant training

was very much practical oriented. Mostly all the concepts which I studied
in the class, are applicable practically
I gained many new management skills and also got a chance to learn new things
on my own experience.
The overall study of the organization

1. Improve skills
One of the most important things you can gain from
internship is new knowledge and network and it helps to improve
many new skills and knowledge

2. Professional communications
It is the best way to learn how to
navigate the working world through real-life hands on experience
one of the most valuable skill you will gain from an internship is
the ability to speak with people in a professionals

3. Making connections
 The people who will be reference in the
future it will setup many new connections and build the
strong relationship

4. Independence
Internship will teach you to make your own
decision and do things on your own being able to work
independently with little guidence is very important in the
working world

I came to know what exactly needs wheather quality of work or quality of work
to be done or both. And also some extent I could understand the PLASTIC
BAN work culture. Uniformity which is a essential element that management
should maintain it will also create an impression on the minds of another about
their taste, preference, values .I had a great time working on the project, as it
given insights into the working environment of an organization. The
environment is good. I have learn lot of thing there.

This project gave me a great learning experience and at the same time it gave
me enough scope to implement my educational ability. The information advice
presented in this project is based on secondary information.
SUGGESTION
Proper Regulation: 
The regulation was not a major concern when the microfinance was in its
nascent stage and individual institutions were free to bring in innovative
operational models. However, as the sector completes almost two decades of
age with a high growth trajectory, an enabling regulatory environment that
protects interest of stakeholders as well as promotes growth, is needed.

Field Supervision:
In addition to proper regulation of the microfinance sector, field visits
can be adopted as a medium for monitoring the conditions on ground and
initiating corrective action if needed. This will keep a check on the performance
of ground staff of various MFIs and their recovery practices. This will also
encourage MFIs to abide by proper code of conduct and work more efficiently.
However, the problem of feasibility and cost involved in physical monitoring of
this vast sector remains an issue in this regard.

Encourage rural penetration: 

It has been seen that in lieu of reducing the initial cost, MFIs are opening
their branches in places which already have a few MFIs operating. Encouraging
MFIs for opening new branches in areas of low microfinance penetration by
providing financial assistance will increase the outreach of the microfinance in
the state and check multiple lending. This will also increase rural penetration of
microfinance in the state.

Complete range of Products:

MFIs should provide complete range of products including credit,
savings, remittance, financial advice and also non-financial services like
training and support. As MFIs are acting as a substitute to banks in areas where
people don’t have access to banks, providing a complete range of products will
enable the poor to avail all services.
Transparency of Interest rates:
  As it has been observed that, MFIs are employing different patterns of
charging interest rates and a few are also charging additional charges and
interest free deposits (a part of the loan amount is kept as deposit on which no
interest is paid). All this make the pricing very confusing and hence the
borrower feels incompetent in terms of bargaining power. So a common
practice for charging interest should be followed by all MFIs so that it makes
the sector more competitive and the beneficiary gets the freedom to compare
different financial products before buying.

Technology to reduce Operating Cost: 

MFIs should use new technologies and IT tools & applications to reduce
their operating costs. Though most NBFCs are adopting such cost cutting
measures, which is clearly evident from the low cost per unit money lent (9%-
10%) of such institutions. NGOs and Section 25 companies are having a very
high value of cost per unit money lent i.e. 15-35 percent and hence such
institutions should be encouraged to adopt cost-cutting measures to reduce their
operating costs. Also initiatives like development of common MIS and other
software for all MFIs can be taken to make the operation more transparent and
efficient.

Alternative sources of Fund: 

In absence of adequate funds the growth and the reach of MFIs become
restricted and to overcome this problem MFIs should look for other sources for
funding their loan portfolio. Some of the ways through which MFIs can raise
their fund are:

By getting converted to for-profit company i.e. NBFC: 

Without investment by outside investors, MFIs are limited to what they
can borrow to a multiple of total profits and equity investment. To increase their
borrowings further, MFIs need to raise their Equity through outside investors.
The first and the most crucial step to receive equity investment are getting
converted to for-profit NBFC. Along with the change in status the MFI should
also develop strong board, a quality management information system (MIS) and
obtain a credit rating to attract potential investors.

Portfolio Buyout:
 It is when banks or other institutions purchase the rights to future
payment stream from a set of outstanding loans granted by MFIs. In such
transactions MFIs are responsible for making up any loss in repayment up to a
certain percentage of the portfolio and this clause is known as “first loss default
guarantee”. The above clause ensures that the MFI retains the correct incentive
to collect these loans. To ensure security to the buying institution, MFIs are
allowed to sell off as much of the outstanding portfolio as is financed by
accumulated earnings or equity.

Securitization of Loans: 
This refers to a transaction in which the repayments from a set of
microloans from one or more MFIs are packaged into a special purpose vehicle,
from which tradable securities are issued. As the loans from multiple MFIs can
be pooled together the risk gets diversified. Though securitization of loans and
portfolio buyout are similar in many ways like first loss default guarantee
clause, limit to the amount of loans that can be sold off etc. The major
difference between the two is that securitizations require a rating from a credit
rating agency and that it can be re-sold, which makes securitized loans attract
more potential buyers. Also unlike portfolio buyout, there can be multiple
buyers and sellers for each transaction in case of securitization of loans as
compared to single buyer and single seller in portfolio buyout. Through
securitization, MFIs can tap new sources of investments because fund of certain
types like mutual funds, which are barred from directly investing in MFIs, can
invest through securitized loans
CONCLUSION 
   Plastic bags affect many people, not only the consumers but plastic bags  also
affects the environment and animals. We are affected by plastic bags because
we all dispose of them incorrectly and because we are unaware of the
consequences of using plastic bags. Research shows that “It takes 500-1,000
years for plastic to degrade” this means the plastic we use isn’t really going
away anytime soon. The amount of plastic bags we use is important because
once we throw the plastic bags away they will just pile up and create pollution,
which is harmful to the environment because how we dispose of the plastic bags
isn’t really going to help due to the amount of time it takes for them to
decompose. Something important to know is that “50 percent of the plastic we
use, we use just once and throw away” this should be taken into consideration
because the plastic bags are just being used once then thrown away, this
contributes to the pollution being created. This is how we are affected by the
use of plastic bags.

   The environmental effects of plastic bags are important because they not only
affect the environment ,but also affects humans. The environmental effects due
to plastic bags are pollution, litter, loss of resource, and pacific trash
vortex.Plastic bags are extremely harmful to the environment because we use
them in massive quantities. This is important because plastic bags are used
worldwide and are mostly used once then are thrown out and because of this we
are just harming ourselves by continuing to use plastic bags.

   Environmental and human costs are related because they both negatively
impact us in many ways. “Over the last 10 years we have produced more plastic
than during the whole of the last century.” This piece of evidence is important
because it has a couple of meanings. The first meaning is related to the
environmental impact, we are using the resources which is being used for
something that isn’t necessary. What I mean by this is that we are using up oil
to make these plastic bags which really isn’t something we “need”. The human
impact is that we are polluting our environment because we dispose of the
plastic bags incorrectly.

   An alternative for plastic bags would be using reusable bags made of other
fabrics instead of using plastic. Using reusable bags would reduce the effects of
plastic bags because we would lower the amount of plastic being produced and
disposed by simply using a reusable bag.” Reusable bags are an alternative for
plastic bags because they are environmentally friendly and can be used
repeatedly to reduce waste.” Something to keep in mind is that plastic bags are
not only beneficial to the environment, but they also benefit us because we
would be able to reuse them over and over again.

   To make things better I would use an alternative for plastic bags, which in this
case is using a reuseable bag. People would begin to use reusable bags as soon
as possible because doing so we could be able to cut down on the negative
impact created by plastic bags. Using reusable bags instead of plastic bags is
something that should be done worldwide because the impact that plastic bags
has would be reduced.
BIBILIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

1. BAN THE PLASTIC BAG – REBECCA

2. INITIATE A PLASTIC BAG – TED BOUISE

NEWSPAPER

1. INDIAN EXPRESS

2. THE HINDU

3. TIMES OF INDIA

INTERNET

1. WWW.PLASTICBAN.COM

2. WWW.PLASTICBANSENARIO.COM

3. WWW.GOVERNMENTINITIATIVEPLASTICBAN.COM