Earth Observation in Support of Sustainability Soil, Plant and Water Science. Innovative Role of Copernicus Global Land Service Products

3rd Annual Congress on Soil, Plant and Water Sciences
November 11-12, 2019, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Invention of New Significant Tool for Sustainable Growth in
Soil, Plant and Natural Resources on Earth
Earth Observation in Support of

Sustainability Soil, Plant and Water Science.
Innovative Role of
Copernicus Global Land Service Products
Ernesto Lopez-Baeza(1), Erika Albero Peralta(1),
Inmaculada Bautista(2), Antonio Lidón(2), Cristina Lull(2)
(1) University of Valencia (2) Polytechnic University of Valencia
Ernesto.Lopez@uv.es
Climatology from Satellites Group
EO Missions where we are Involved
• CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System ) NASA

• GERB (Geostationary Earth radiation Budget) EUMETSAT
• EarthCARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer)

ESA/JAXA
• SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) ESA

• SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) NASA
• Copernicus EC/ESA - SENTINEL-3
• EPS/MetOp (EUMETSAT Polar System ) EUMETSAT/ESA
• PARIS (Passive Reflectometry and Interferometry System ). Now

GEROS GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System - Reflectometry)
ESA à GEROS-ISS: GNSS Reflectometry, Radio Occultation and
Scatterometry Onboard the International Space Station, and Joint
ESA/China GNSS Working Group
Valencia & Alacant Anchor Stations
(Most?) suitable area in

Europe for validation of low
spatial resolution remote
sensing data and products
Valencia Anchor Station
HR MERIS
Alacant Anchor Station
23 March 2002
GERB/CERES Ground
Validation Campaign June
2003
GERB/CERES Ground
Validation Campaign February
2004
Valencia & Alacant Anchor Stations
consideration of the
consideration non-homogeneities of
of the non- the area
homogeneities
of the area
EPPLEY Solar tracking

system (GPS based)
• Pyrheliometer
• Pyranometer for
diffuse radiation
Albedometer
Inverted pyrgeometers
for downwelling and
upwelling longwave
Manual sun-
photometer
MERIS image LandSat image 8th July 2003
Land Use Classification over

LandSat-5 image 8th July 2003
Land Use Classification

1: water 7: low density
vineyards
2: pine trees 8: very low density
vineyards
3: low density pine 9: herbal crops
trees and shrubs
4: shrubs 10: bare soil
5: irrigated crops 11: urban areas
6: vineyards
Soil Plant Water
water
Valencia Anchor Station SMOS & SMAP
Soil Moisture Validation Network
What part of that moisture
Water in the Soil do we measure from space?
Observed by
Remote Sensing
Significant in most
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-i/natural-
resources/water.php applications
194 JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY VOLUME 8
From Near-Surface to Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using Different

Assimilation Techniques
JOAQUÍN MUÑOZ SABATER, LIONEL JARLAN, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE CALVET, AND FRANÇOIS BOUYSSEL
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France Hydrol. Process. 22, 2699– 2714 (2008)
Published online 8 October 2007 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6869
PATRICIA DE ROSNAY
Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, Toulouse, France
(Manuscript received 11 January 2006, in final form 24 August 2006)

Spatio-temporal distribution of near-surface and root zone
ABSTRACT
soil moisture at the catchment scale
Root-zone soil moisture constitutes an important variable for hydrological and weather forecast models.
Microwave radiometers like the L-band instrument on board the European Space Agency’s (ESA) future C. Martinez,1 * G. R. Hancock,1 J. D. Kalma2 and T. Wells1 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/deta
Soil Profile
1 The School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are being designed to provide estimates of near-surface
soil moisture (0–5 cm). This quantity is physically related to root-zone soil moisture through diffusion
2 The School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
il/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054308
processes, and both surface and root-zone soil layers are commonly simulated by land surface models
(LSMs). Observed time series of surface soil moisture may be used to analyze the root-zone soil moisture
using data assimilation systems. In this paper, various assimilation techniques derived from Kalman filters
(KFs) and variational methods (VAR) are implemented and tested. The objective is to correct the modeled
root-zone soil moisture deficiencies of the newest version of the Interaction between Soil, Biosphere, and Abstract:
Atmosphere scheme (ISBA) LSM, using the observations of the surface soil moisture of the Surface
Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. It is widely recognized that improving the knowledge and
Monitoring of the Soil Reservoir Experiment (SMOSREX) over a 4-yr period (2001–04). This time period
understanding of soil moisture and the processes underpinning its spatial and temporal distribution is critical. This paper
includes contrasting climatic conditions. Among the different algorithms, the ensemble Kalman filter
addresses the relationship between near-surface and root zone soil moisture, the way in which they vary spatially and temporally,
(EnKF) and a simplified one-dimensional variational data assimilation (1DVAR) show the best perfor- and the effect of sampling design for determining catchment scale soil moisture dynamics. In this study, catchment scale near-
mances. The lower computational cost of the 1DVAR is an advantage for operational root-zone soil surface (0–50 mm) and root zone (0–300 mm) soil moisture were monitored over a four-week period. Measurements of
moisture analysis based on remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations at a global scale. near-surface soil moisture were recorded at various resolutions, and near-surface and root zone soil moisture data were also
monitored continuously within a network of recording sensors. Catchment average near-surface soil moisture derived from
detailed spatial measurements and continuous observations at fixed points were found to be significantly correlated (r 2 D 0Ð96;
P D 0Ð0063; n D 4). Root zone soil moisture was also found to be highly correlated with catchment average near-surface,
1. Introduction continuously monitored (r 2 D 0Ð81; P < 0Ð0001; n D 26) and with detailed spatial measurements of near-surface soil moisture
may develop and may consequently cause a degrada-
Ground Based Observations for
GBOV Validation of Copernicus Land Products

Validation (GBOV) of Copernicus
Land Products
https://land.copernicus.eu/global/gbov/
Ground Based Observations for Validation (GBOV)

of Copernicus Land Products
GBOV SM sites
Same protocol for all sites
Stevens Hydra-Probe CS-616
soil moisture probe
Valencia Anchor Station SMOS & SMAP
Soil Moisture Validation Network
Land Products Generation - Methodology to derive Land
Products from Reference Measurements
Simple average / Land cover averaging land-use-weight averaging
GBOV =
advanced/alternative scaling function
averaging
=
default scaling function
Land Products Generation - Methodology to derive Land
Products from Reference Measurements
Simple average / Land cover averaging land-use-weight averaging
GBOV =
advanced/alternative scaling function
averaging
=
default scaling function
mixed forest
fruit trees
water
matorral
vineyards
Land Products Generation –
Methodology to derive Land Products from Reference Measurements
TVDI averaging
GBOV LST (MOD11A2) EVI (MOD13A2)
Scatter plot TVDI
& !( − !(,+,-
!"#$ = = !(,+.2 = . + 0 1"$
' . + 0 1"$ − !(,+,-
TS
Land Products Generation –
Methodology to derive Land Products from Reference Measurements
Simple average à Land cover weighted average à TVDI weighted average
GBOV
2014
Land Products Generation
Preliminary Satellite / Ground Comparisons
GBOV
Definition of physio-hydrological units at the
Valencia Anchor Station control area (left)
and installation of soil moisture sensors in the
most significant ones
Cristina Millan
Area-averaged map of SM (22 April 2008) from

point measurements obtained from the dense
sampling scheme developed during the SMOS
Validation Rehearsal Campaign (Lopez-Baeza et
al., 2009)
Cristina Millan
Soil Water Index (SWI)
GBOV
,) 0,&
)
∑&'( !!*(,& ) . / 1
!"# = ,) 0,&
)
∑&'( / 1
Description of the datasets contained in the SWI files

(Paulik et al., 2017, Table 3 modified)
SWI_001 SWI with characteristic time length T=1
SWI_060 SWI with characteristic time length T=60 Sketch of the two-layer model used in the SWI calculation. L is
SWI_100 SWI with characteristic time length T=100 the reservoir depth, C the pseudo diffusivity constant and WS
and WR denote the surface and reservoir layers T = L/C
Wagner et al. (1999)
Preliminary Satellite / SWI Comparisons
GBOV
Soil Plant Water
plant
Validation of Earth Observation Data and Products at the
Valencia Anchor Station (VARIETAL-2)
Application to OLCI, EarthCARE and GNSS-R Missions
Validation of Earth Observation Data and Products at the

(VARIETAL-2)
Application to OLCI, EarthCARE and GNSS-R Missions
• Task 1. Ground-based Observations for the Validation of OLCI Land

Products at the Valencia Anchor Station
• Task 2. GNSS Reflectometry, Determination of Soil Moisture and
Vegetation Water Content by Reflected GNSS Signals
• Task 3. Preparatory Activities for the Validation of EarthCARE
Products at the Valencia Anchor Station
VARIETAL
fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically
Active Radiation (fAPAR)
Quantum sensor SQ-110

(Apogee instruments)
OGVI
VARIETAL (OLCI Global Vegetation Index)
OGVI
FAPAR
2016 2017
2018
OGVI
Phenological cycle of vine.

Representativity of the Sentinel-3 satellite measurement
Representativity of 10:00 - 10:30 h average for 2017 Representativity of 10:00 - 10:30 h average for 2018
1 1
0,9 0,9
0,8 0,8
0,7 0,7
0,6 0,6
fAPAR
fAPAR
0,5 0,5
0,4 0,4
0,3 0,3
0,2 0,2
0,1 0,1
0 0
9/6/17
9/7/17
8/8/17
7/9/17
22/10/17
21/11/17
21/12/17
1/1/18
2/3/18
1/4/18
1/5/18
13/10/18
28/10/18
12/11/18
27/11/18
12/12/18
27/12/18
11/3/17
26/3/17
10/4/17
25/4/17
10/5/17
25/5/17
24/6/17
24/7/17
23/8/17
22/9/17
7/10/17
6/11/17
6/12/17
16/1/18
31/1/18
15/2/18
17/3/18
16/4/18
16/5/18
31/5/18
15/6/18
30/6/18
15/7/18
30/7/18
14/8/18
29/8/18
13/9/18
28/9/18
DATE (d/m/yy) DATE (d/m/yy)
DAILY AVERAGE 10-10:30 AVERAGE DAILY AVERAGE 10-10:30 AVERAGE

OGVI
300 m x 300 m value

vs
900 m x 900 m value
The difference between grey

and black lines procedes from
the fact that in some satellite
observations one of the stations
could be away from the central
pixel. In fact, practically
overlapping
OGVI
Comparison between the average of the 20 points of the transect (900 m x

900 m) with the average of the 3 stations during the duration of the transect
OTCI
VARIETAL OLCI Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index
• In situ measurements:
• SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (SPAD units)
• 3 types of leaves (large, medium and small)

• 4 – 6 measurements for each leaf
• Leaf size
• 20 vines + 3 FAPAR stations
• central pixel
• 8 vines (yellow) + 3 vines (fAPAR stations blue, green and orange)
• Lab measurements:
• Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Carotene + Xanthophyll (µg/cm2)
• Three leaves from each of the three vines of fAPAR (n = 9)
• Additional measurements
• Soil moisture, temperature and soil respiration; soil organic matter
(initial sampling)
• LAI
VARIETAL OTCI estimation over the 300 x

300 vineyard pixel
Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Mean value
SPAD value
(µg/g fresh matter) 2
(mg/m ) (mg/m 2)
lab calibration weight and size leaf 8 vines, 3 leaf types
2.61
Estimated OTCI vine
1.66
Adjusted OTCI (bare soil + vegetation)
17 May 27 May
weighted average based on bare soil surface
and surface covered by vegetation
foliar vines area bare soil area

OTCI adj = OTCI vine ´ + OTCI bare soil ´
total area total area
OGVI
2016-2018
OTCI
VARIETAL OLCI Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index
Chlorophyll (Garratt et al., 2005)
• Cold extraction with 80% acetone solution (0.1

g mf / 10 mL) and silica sand
• Centrifugation to separate the liquid phase
• Measurement of the absorbance of the extract
at three wavelengths (663, 647, 470 nm)
• Calculation of chlorophyll and carotenoid
content (Lichtenthaler, 1987)
• Chl A = 12,25 a663 - 2,79 a647

• Chl B = 21,50 a647 - 5,10 a663
• Chl A+B = 7,15 a663 + 18,71 a647
• C + X = [1000 a470 – 1,82 Chl A – 85,02 Chl B]/198
VARIETAL OGVI & OTCI
S3A_OTCI_300m
S3A_OTCI_900m
Transect_Chlorophyll
S3A_OGVI_300m
S3A_OGVI_900m
Transect_FAPAR
(needs bare soil correction)

Soil Plant Water
soil
Bare Soil Correction

Bare Soil Correction
Bare soil
correction over
the RGB NERC-
110 HR (0.5 m)
image from the
NERC flight
and
zooming
Acknowledgement
•VARIETAL (Validation of Earth Observation Data and Products at the
Valencia Anchor Station (VARIETAL-2). Application to OLCI, EarthCARE
and GNSS-R Missions) Project
• GBOV (Ground Based Observations for Validation of Copernicus Land
Products) Project
• OLCI-Land-Val S3VT Project (ESA-EUMETSAT AO #13767)
• ESA & EU Joint Research Center
• Copernicus Global Land Service <https://land.copernicus.eu/global/>
• ACRI-ST, University of Southampton & NERC
• Iranzo’s Winery & NODUS’ Winery, Caudete de las Fuentes, Valencia,
Spain
• Erika acknowledges Generalitat Valenciana, Regional Government of
the Valencian Autonomous Community, for her Doctorate Fellowship
Grant

Earth Observation in Support of Sustainability Soil, Plant and Water Science. Innovative Role of Copernicus Global Land Service Products

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3rd Annual Congress on Soil, Plant and Water Sciences

November 11-12, 2019, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Earth Observation in Support of

• CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System ) NASA

• EarthCARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer)

• SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) ESA

• Copernicus EC/ESA - SENTINEL-3

• EPS/MetOp (EUMETSAT Polar System ) EUMETSAT/ESA

• PARIS (Passive Reflectometry and Interferometry System ). Now

(Most?) suitable area in

Valencia Anchor Station

EPPLEY Solar tracking

Land Use Classification over

Land Use Classification

Soil Plant Water

From Near-Surface to Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using Different

(Manuscript received 11 January 2006, in final form 24 August 2006)

Ground Based Observations for

Ground Based Observations for Validation (GBOV)

Simple average / Land cover averaging land-use-weight averaging

Simple average / Land cover averaging land-use-weight averaging

Scatter plot TVDI

Simple average à Land cover weighted average à TVDI weighted average

Area-averaged map of SM (22 April 2008) from

Description of the datasets contained in the SWI files

Soil Plant Water

Validation of Earth Observation Data and Products at the

• Task 1. Ground-based Observations for the Validation of OLCI Land

Quantum sensor SQ-110

Phenological cycle of vine.

DAILY AVERAGE 10-10:30 AVERAGE DAILY AVERAGE 10-10:30 AVERAGE

300 m x 300 m value

The difference between grey

Comparison between the average of the 20 points of the transect (900 m x

• 3 types of leaves (large, medium and small)

VARIETAL OTCI estimation over the 300 x

Adjusted OTCI (bare soil + vegetation)

foliar vines area bare soil area

• Cold extraction with 80% acetone solution (0.1

• Chl A = 12,25 a663 - 2,79 a647

VARIETAL OGVI & OTCI

(needs bare soil correction)

Soil Plant Water

Bare Soil Correction

Bare Soil Correction

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