Program Title:

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

Module Title:

CPAR
“Integrative Art as applied to Contemporary Art”
Introduction:

The arts are described as means of expression that require imagination and/or skill in
making aesthetic objects or encounters that can be shared with other people. These objects and
experiences may exhibit what is in the imagination of the artist or creator. These may also portray ideas and
emotions. These may also be used to entertain or persuade other people. These aesthetic objects and
encounters create beauty. The arts include visual arts and architecture, literature, music, dance, theater,
and cinema or film.

However, during the 1970’s up to present. Artists began combining different art forms and
media. An artist may now combine two visual art forms, such as painting and sculpture. An artist may also
integrate two or more different art forms, such as sculpture and music.

This unit is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on visual arts, including painting,
sculpture, architecture, and other forms of the visual arts. The second part concentrates on literature and
the performing arts, including music, dance, theater, and film.

Prerequisites: None

Module Objective:

 Identify various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions;
 Classify various art forms found in the Philippines;
 Define contemporary arts in the Philippines;
 Research on various contemporary art forms;
 Explain Filipino artist’s roles and identify their contribution to contemporary arts;
 Evaluate contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles;
 Compare forms of arts from the different regions;
 Interpret and relates the significance of arts forms from the regions;
 Promote arts from the regions.
 MODULE 1
Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
GRADE 11
SY 2020-2021

Student’s Name: _______________________________________

Subject Teacher: ______________________________________

COURSE OUTLINE
 Lesson
Number of Days Number of Minutes Page
FIRST QUARTER
Unit I. INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO
CONTEMPORARY ART
Part I. Contemporary Visual Arts in the Philippines
A. Arts and its Visual Elements 1 60
B. Painting 1 60
C. Sculpture and other forms of Visual Arts 1 60
D. Architecture 1 60
Part II. Contemporary Performing Arts and Literature
in the Philippines
A. Literature and Theater 2 120
B. Music and Dance 2 120
C. Film 1 60
II. CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
A. Philippine about Philippine Art 1 60
B. Looking Back at Philippine Art 2 180
C. Art in the Past 1 60
D. Philippine Museums 1 60
E. Significant Contemporary Visual Arts from
4 240
the Regions
F. Philippine Music Scene 3 180
G. Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines 5 300
H. State of Philippine Cinema 1 60
I. National Artists of the Philippines 7 420
J. Gawad Sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA) 6 360

TOTAL 40 2400

MODULE 1
 INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO
CONTEMPORARY ART

Introduction

The term “visual arts” encompasses a wide range of forms created by Filipinos. It ranges from
Western-influenced visual art forms to works created by folk and indigenous people. Traditionally, these
visual art forms include painting, sculpture, and architecture. However, there are other functional visual art
forms in the country that need to be appreciated as well. Some of these forms include advertising art,
basketry, metal craft, mat weaving, pottery, and textile weaving.

These visual art forms have developed over the centuries. During the 1970’s up to present, artists
started mixing different media in single artworks. Some of these artworks did not occupy a limited space or a
part of a room. In fact, a contemporary visual artwork may occupy a whole room; filling it with lots of visual
stimuli for the viewer. Artists also began using non-traditional materials and media, such as cloth for
sculpture and three-dimensional artworks, and an integration of agar, metal, and glass, this development,
some visual art forms that began before the 1970’s are still being created at present. Truly, these show how
artistic and creative Filipinos are.

This part presents all visual art forms presented earlier in this introduction. However, it should be
emphasized that the aim for this part is not to make a clear delineation of each visual art form. Bear in mind
that tackling each art form can help in understanding further the scope of the visual arts. Multimedia will be
discussed in this part.

Each visual art form not only exhibits the skills of the artist, but also showcases the ideas coming
from the mind of that artist. Understanding the different visual elements of art is vital in appreciating all these
visual art forms. Using a visual element of art in creating an artwork may entail a certain idea or meaning.
Thus, it is appropriate to first review the different visual elements of art before discussing the different visual
art forms.

Lesson 1 ART AND ITS VISUAL ELEMENTS

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines

Lesson Proper
 In order to understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to comprehend first
the visual elements of art. These visual elements of art are line, color, shape, space, value, texture, time
and motion.

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a

surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define form while
broken lines are typically used to suggest hidden forms. Lines
are also used to suggest dimensions, and to guide visual
movement.

Shape and Mass

This element of art refers to an area with

boundaries identified or draw using a lines. A
shape may be used on natural or living forms. This
shape is called an organic shape, and can be
irregular or rounded. A shape may also be on
measured forms. This shape, on the other hand, is
called a geometric shape. In contrast to shape,
which is two-dimensional, mass refers to solid
portions of a three-dimensional object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a

person to differentiate objects due to the way various
wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very
important element because it can communicate
information and emotion to the viewer. Color has three
properties, which are as follows:

 Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel.
 Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or tint is the result of adding
white to hue, while a dark color or shade results from adding black to hue.
  Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also referred to as purity of the
color. A bright color can be produced by adding more pigment to the same hue, while a dull color
can be produced by adding gray or the color’s complement to the pigment.

Color Schemes

 Monochromatic
This color scheme involves using the same hue but with different gradient of value.

 Analogous
The analogous color scheme entails the use of three of four adjacent colors in the color wheel.

 Complementary
The complementary color scheme involves the use of a color and its complement-, meaning the
color located opposite of the first color.

 Split-complementary
This color scheme is a close relative to the complementary color scheme. But instead of using the
color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement.

 Triadic
This color scheme uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.

 Tetradic
Also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary colors.

Value
This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This element is evident in creating
shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Texture
This element refers to the feel or appearance of a surface. A person may describe texture if the
surface is either smooth or rough. Texture may also be described as actual or implied texture can be
exhibited, for instance, in a painting of fur of an animal.

Space
Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the area surrounding
that object or subject. There are two types of perspective: atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the
properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of distance; and linear perspective, which involves the use
of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.
 Atmospheric Perspective

Linear Perspective

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or

an actual motion. An illusion of movement is more common in
two-dimensional artworks. On the other hand, actual motion is
easily seen in kinetic sculpture, a type of sculpture that moves
with the wind or are vibrating with the surrounding air.
Kinetic Sculpture

Kinetic Sculpture
Activity Visual Elements of Art

Name: ______________________________________ Score:

Year/Section: ________________________________

Date: _______________________________________

Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement and write your
answer on the space provided before the number.

______________________1. This refers to a prolongation of a point.

______________________2. This type of sculpture has parts that can be moved with the wind.

______________________3. This color scheme involves using colors that are located beside each other in
the color wheel.

______________________4. This element refers to the way the surface or object looks as it may feel.

______________________5. This kind of shape is associated with natural or living forms.

______________________6. This type of texture refers to the real qualities of the physical surface of an
artwork.

______________________7. This refers to brightness and dullness of colors.

______________________8. This color scheme involves the use of four colors.

______________________9. This refers to the purity of a certain color.

______________________10. This type of perspective involves the use of properties of light and air to
portray the illusion of distance.
Lesson 2 PAINTING

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines

Lesson Proper:

Painting refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be created using a
wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil pastel, and charcoal. Surfaces for painting
include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper. Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has
height and width.

Forms of Painting

Easel Painting
The easel painting is perhaps the most
common form of painting. As the name implies,
this involves applying color to a board or canvas
that is fixed on an upright support called an easel.
Easel paintings are meant to be framed and
hanged on a wall after creating them.

Murals
A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting.
During the 1980’s, some artists believed that the mural
should be used to impart messages to increase social
awareness especially to issues at that time. However, a
new form of mural, a portable mural, was developed in
order to prevent the mural from being erased from the wall.
The portable mural was created by using bold strokes in
applying bright colors on pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.
Nowadays, murals are created by younger artists through
outreach programs carried out by organizations.

Telon Painting
A telon is described as a backdrop or
background for the stage.
These backdrops are used for komedya,
sarswela, and sinakulo which are popular forms of
theater in the country.
Jeepney and Calesa Painting

The calesa is typically painted using one color.

The borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting.

In a typical jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is
covered near the driver’s seat, as well as near the seats
adjacent to it. Typical subject matter of jeepney painting
ranges from landscapes to scenes from comic books.

Collage
This refers to a form of painting that involves combine images in a single artwork. This entails
cutting and pasting materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and other relatively flat materials onto a board or
canvas.

Themes of Painting

Genre Painting

Genre painting portrays people in daily activities. Subjects include

planting and harvesting rice, a young woman singing in front of guests,
barongbarong, vendors, and fiestas. During the contemporary period, genre
painting took several directions.
One of these new approaches is folk genre, which mainly focuses
on the everyday activities of the folk. Another approach is using the style of
cubism in depicting folk or urban subjects. On the other hand, folk-naïve is
another style wherein it uses a lot of color and spontaneity.

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson concerning national
values.

Interior Painting

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house

or a building. This usually reveals the social class of the family living
in that particular house, as well as the traits of the people living in it.

Landscapes Painting
 These paintings portray natural scenery or urban scenes, Mixed media is now used in creating
landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes, which focus on large bodies’ of water,
particularly the ocean or the sea.

Portrait Painting

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific

individuals, this usually portrays the physical characteristics of the
subject and seeks to show an understanding of that person's
character.

Nude Painting

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human

figure. Nowadays, a wide variety of materials and styles can be
used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions are conducted in
galleries.

Religious Painting

Common subjects of religious painting include a lone

religious image, lives of the saints, and scenes based from the
Scriptures like the Nativity scene, and the Stations of the Cross.

Still Life Painting

This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made
objects that form a composition in a natural setting. There are still
modern artists who did still life paintings, such as Ang Kiukok,
Federico Aguilar Alcuaz, and Manuel Baldemor. Each artist uses his
own style in portraying still life.
A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting, ranging from
Baroque and Rococo, to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract.
In the Philippines, popular styles during the contemporary period
include neorealism, which involves creating representational figures
that also 100k abstract; hyperrealism or magic realism, in which the subject is painted in a highly realistic
way that it resembles a photograph; and social realism, which entails creating paintings that depict
socioeconomic and problems.
Activity: PAINTING

Name: ______________________________________ Score:

Year/Section: ________________________________

Date: _______________________________________

Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement and write your
answer on the space provided before the number.

__________________1. This refers to a painting that shows an arrangement of objects such as fruits and
flowers in a natural setting.

__________________2. This refers to a painting that is applied on a wall or a large permanent surface-

__________________3. This painting depicts scenes ordinary life.

__________________4. This refers to a painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building.

__________________5. This refers to a painting that is finished on a portable upright support.

__________________6. This is a painting that involves cutting and pasting relatively flat materials onto a
board or canvas.

__________________7. A painting portraying the crucifixion of Jesus Christ is an example of this theme of
painting.

__________________8. A painting portraying the execution of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan is an example of

this of painting.

__________________9. A painting featuring the physical characteristics of Jose Blanco is an example of

this theme of painting.

__________________10. This refers to a style of painting that more a photograph than a painting.
Lesson 3: SCULPTURE AND OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ARTS

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines

Lesson Proper:

LESSON 3: SCULPTURE AND OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ARTS

In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions height, width, and depth. It is created by
either carving, modeling, or assembling parts together

General Kinds of Sculpture

Free-standing
This is a kind of sculpture that can independently stand
in space. It has a flat horizontal base. All its sides contribute to the
overall form of the sculpture. Guillermo Tolentino's Oblation is a
classic example of this kind of sculpture.

UP Oblation

Relief
This kind of sculpture does not have a flat horizontal base. The
form is projected from a flat surface. There are two types of relief low relief
or bas-relief, and high relief. The form of a low relief projects slightly from
the flat surface, in contrast to the high relief. Bronze sculptures of Jose Rizal
at the entrance of the Rizal

These general kinds of sculpture are traditionally created by removing some

parts of the material or by building up the form through modeling. However,
during the 60's and 70's, artists began exploring materials and methods,
forming new types of sculpture in the contemporary setting. Some of these
are the following Jose Rizal Relief Sculpture
Assemblage
This sculpture is formed by putting together materials such as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges,
wood scraps, and other materials. A good example of this is Lamberto Hechanova's Man and Woman.

Man and Woman

Kinetic Sculpture
This is considered as a sculpture in motion because the entire
sculpture or some parts of the sculpture are moving with the wind or
are vibrating with the surrounding air. A mobile is said to be the
simplest form of a kinetic sculpture. Chandeliers made from kiping in
Lucban, Quezon are examples of a mobile.

Kiping of Lucban Quezon

Welded Sculptures
Creating these sculptures involve the process of connecting sheets of
metal together by using an acetylene or electric torch, Most sculptures of
Eduardo Castrillo are welded sculptures.

Mother and Child 2001

Use of Glass

Ramon Orlina and Imelda Pilapil started the use of glass in

sculpture. Orlina used glass in table pieces, murals, and sculptures
which are usually unified into a framework. On the other hand, Pilapil
used glass planes with irregular shapes and linear patterns.

Together Again

Symbolic Sculpture
A good example of symbolic sculpture is the interpretation of Abdulmari Imao
on okir design, which is a Maranao design tradition that is typically used in
woodcarving. Imao produced four contemporary series of the Okin the sarimanok, the sari-mosque, the sari-
okir and calligraphic sculptures.

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual art forms can be seen in every region in the country. Some of
them are even used by people on a regular basis. Some can also be seen as used by various companies
and offices. These visual art forms are the following:

Sarimanok

Advertising Art
This refers to using paid space or time in any of the media to inform
and influence the public. This is used to encourage the public to
patronize certain goods and services, or to support policies or
persons. The following can be used in advertising art: animation,
photography, computer- generated graphics, neon signs, posters,
mascots, total product improvement, and total corporate promotion.

Bamboo Art
This refers to works made of bamboo that may be used for
everyday purposes or for decorations or ornaments. Thick bamboo
is typically used for building sturdy structures, decorations, furniture,
containers, and writing materials. On the other hand, thin bamboo is
used in creating musical instruments and personal accessories.

Basketry
This refers to the art of creating containers by weaving,
plaiting, or braiding materials into hollow three-dimensional
shapes that can either be used for carrying, storage, and
trapping animals.

Book Design
Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled with text and/or images,
and are protected by hard or soft covers.

Costumes
These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual members or groups in a
particular society. These may vary according to class, sex, age, civil status, occupation, rank, and personal
taste of an individual.

Embroidery
This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on cloth by hand.

Food Art
This involves packaging and/or presentation of food in an artistic
way. This is different from Western garnishing, which involves
adding decorative touches. This is because food art involves
enhancing the food itself or its packaging in an artistic way. The
sapin-sapin is a good example of food art.

Sapin-sapin

Furniture
These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public or private dwelling or
building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

Komiks and Editorial Cartoon

Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of stories or events. However, an editorial cartoon is a
single-frame illustration that may either makes fun of political leaders or institutions, or comments on current
events. The komiks, on the other hand, may use single or multiple frames with conversations of people or
animals placed inside "balloons."

Leaf Art
Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food wrapping, and even as a form of
modern artistic expression. This makes leaf art different from basketry.
The palaspas that is used every Palm Sunday is an example of leaf art.

Mat Weaving
This refers to the art of "plaiting strips of organic fibers into
mats." These mats, locally known as banig, are cool, light,
and portable compared to fixed beds.
Metalcraft
This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting and blacksmithing,
tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing.

 Brass casting and blacksmithing

This process involves casting and forging
pieces of brass or bronze. Tools, containers,
weapons, and other items can be created using
this process. Anting-anting or amulets are also
created using this process.

 Goldsmithing and silversmithing

These processes involves the use of gold
and silver in creating objects and
ornaments.

 Tinsmithing
Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating
jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice-cream
cart.

Multimedia
This consists of works that involve the use of other senses in appreciating those works aside from the sense
of vision.

• Conceptual Art
In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a situation, placing philosophical value in the
process itself, while negating the importance of craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art object.”

• Installation Art
In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and objects in an exhibition space to cast a new
experience or idea.
• Performance Art
In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself into an art object in motion and sound.

Paper Art
This involves the processes of cutting, pasting, recycling, and/or constructing of objects from
paper. Paper art used to be limited with folk paper art such as taka and higante from Angono, parol, pastillas
wrappings, and kites. However, contemporary artists such as Glenn Bautista, Santiago Bose, Petite
Calaguas, Impy Pilapil, and Manuel Rodriguez Sr. ventured into paper art and raised it to a new level.

Personal Ornaments
These are objects that are worn on the human body. Jewelry falls under this form. These are worn
either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or to symbolize ritualistic and
emotional states. Jewelry made in the Philippines is typically described as symmetrical and exhibits formal
proportion, and having a strong sense of rhythm.

Photography
Photography is the art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or
other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means
of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science,
manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video
production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.

Pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other
ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard, durable form. Major types
include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made by a potter is also
called a pottery. Clay as a part of the materials used is required by some definitions of pottery, but this is
dubious.
There are three types of pottery. These are:
 Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-2100

 Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar. Stoneware is usually fired at 2,220-2,230 F

 Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine and white, and
feldspar. Porcelain is fired at 2,500-2700 F.

Tattoo Art
A tattoo art is a form of body modification where
a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments,
either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment. The art of making
tattoos is tattooing.
Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic
(with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); and pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item). In
addition, tattoos can be used for identification such as ear tattoos on livestock as a form of branding.

Whang-Od
Textile Weaving

Weaving is a method of textile production in

which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are
interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other
methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or
plaiting.
The method in which these threads are inter-
woven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is
usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp
threads in place while filling threads are woven through
them.
A fabric band which meets this definition of
cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other
methods, including tablet weaving, back strap loom, or other techniques without looms.

Activity: SCULPTURE AND OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ARTS

Name: ______________________________________ Score:

Year/Section: ________________________________
 Date: _______________________________________

Activity:
I. Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement and write your
answer on the space provided before the number.

___________________1. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use of a
sharp instrument.
___________________2. This kind of sculpture stands independently and has a flat base.

___________________3. This form of visual arts refers to the way food is packaged and/or presented in an
artistic way.

___________________4. This contemporary type of sculpture involves placing together materials such as
found objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood scraps, and other materials.

___________________5. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film.

___________________6. This is defined as a sculpture with its form projecting slightly from the flat surface
or background.

___________________7. This form of visual arts involves braiding, plaiting, or weaving materials to create
hollow three-dimensional containers that can either be used for carrying storage, and trapping animals.

___________________8. This is also known as a sculpture in motion.

___________________9. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine
and white, and feldspar.

___________________10. An example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping
cooked rice.

II. Matching type: Match the artworks in Column A with the corresponding form of visual arts in Column B.
Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

Column A Column B

__________1. Anting-anting A. Advertising art

__________2. Basey mat from Samar B. Bamboo Art

__________3. Billboard showing a canned tuna product C. Food art

__________4. Earrings D. Mat weaving

__________5. Kiping chandeliers from Quezon E. Metalcraft

__________6. Lakub from Lanao del Sur F. Paper art

__________7. Sapin-sapin from Malabon G. Personal ornaments

__________8. T’nalak H. Pottery

__________9. Taka from Angono, Rizal I. Sculpture

__________10. Terracotta Jars J. Textile Making

Lesson 4: ARCHITECTURE

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines

Lesson Proper

Architecture is defined as the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A wider
definition would include within this scope the design of any built environment, structure or object, from town
planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to furniture and objects
It could also be defined as the manipulation of shapes, forms, space and light to change our
environment.

Forms of Contemporary Architecture

Domestic Building and Houses

Apartments

This refers to a building composed of many

residences called units. This is usually built in populated
urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of
the increased buying power of the populations,
condominiums were developed.

Bahay na Bato

Built in many areas during the 19th and 20th centuries, the bahay
na bato is considered to be a residence of the wealthy. A typical
two-story bahay na bato generally has a ground floor that is
made of brick or stone, and has a wooden upper level.
Barong-barong

The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or area. These are
usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces
near abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these barong-barong are built
under bridges.

Bungalow

This refers to a one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may also have a
terrace, which may be roofed or not.

Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo

The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of

Christian peasant families living in the lowland areas. This is
typically owned by families belonging in low income groups.
The bahay kubo has sliding windows for ventilation.

Houseboat
The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves
as a dwelling. The Badjaos or Sama Laut typically reside in
the houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House

 The one-and-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering just a half of the lower
level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the ground is higher in such a way that it is halfway
between the ground level and the upper level.

Split-level House
The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level houses the kitchen, living and
dining areas, while the upper-level has the bedrooms. These levels are separated by about half or less-
than-half a story.

Tsalet

The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has

one story, a two story house with living quarters on the
upper level, or an elevated one-story house.

Commercial Buildings

Market (Palengke)

This refers to a place or a building for buying and

selling goods. This is also referred to as tindahan, and
tiyangge. Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into the
supermarket, which puts the wet market and the grocery
together in the same complex.

Government Buildings

Capitol (Kapitolyo)
 This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor, the municipal
court and jail, and other important offices such as the municipal registrar’s office are located here.

Provincial Capitol of Laguna

Town Hall (Munisipyo)

This refers to the building of the municipal

government. The offices of the mayor, the municipal
council, the municipal court and jail, and other important
offices such as the municipal registrar’s office are located
here.

City Government of Santa Rosa

Public Buildings

School (Eskwelahan)

This refers to a place where young people are educated to

become productive members of the community. The most common
style of the eskwelahan is American-influenced, which featured a
concrete structure elevated on stilts.

The classrooms in the building are linked together by

veranda located both at the front and rear part of the building.

Silay North Elementary School

Kamalig

The kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for

storing grain. This is considered to be the most economically
significant structure among the tribes in Northern Philippines. It
is typically raised from the ground and is being protected from
rats and pests.
 Nowadays, warehouses made with galvanize- iron sheets and steel frames are built by government
for storing grain bought from local farmers.

Kamalig

Masjid
It refers to a place of worship of the Muslims. A typical
Philippine mosque has the following features: a tower called
minaret, a prayer niche called mihrab the dome, arches that
are reinforced with pillars, and a pulpit called mimbar. There
are also benches placed outside the mosque where everyone
may sit and talk while waiting. One can see the crescent and
star ornament in almost every corner of the mosque, as well as
the okir carving and other motifs.

Cemetery (Sementeryo)

The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead.

It has other names, such as kampo santo, pantyon, and
libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or nichos
surrounding the chapel.

Churches (Simbahan)

The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church was designed
usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs. These will be described further below:

 Roman Catholic Churches

The typical Roman Catholic Church built during the
Spanish colonial period has the “earthquake Baroque”
style. This style is characterized by having a separate
bell-tower from the church façade, and stronger walls
with buttresses. These features, as the name of the
style implies, are helpful in avoiding severe damage
during earthquake.

 Aglipayan Churches

Considering that the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, or more popularly known as the
Aglipayan church, is an offshoot of the Roman Catholic Church, most of its churches have
the same style with Roman Catholic churches. However, there are some Aglipayan
churches that have a contemporary architectural style, such as the Cathedral of the Holy
Child in Manila.
 Protestant Churches
 Most Protestant churches have the Neogothic architectural style, meaning rib vaults and
pointed arches can be seen in the structure. In addition to those, stained glass windows
were also used to add colorful effects brought about by the sun’s rays.
 Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) Churches

A typical façade of INC has a triangular arch that is lined with tall slender towers. There
are also two additional towers at the rear part of the church. These towers and spires are
ornamented with openwork (i.e., creating gaps or holes through the solid material).

Movie House (Sinehan)

The sinehan is a place where people watch films or motion

pictures. This used to be a separate large building and considered as
a landmark in a community. However, there are now movie houses
that are part of the structure of shopping malls.

Theatre (Teatro)

The teatro is a building intended for dance, musical, and

theatrical presentations. This is different from an auditorium
because the teatro is essentially a separate building compared to
the former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta)

These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies. These are usually
found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow passes, mountains, and waters.

Lighthouse (Parola)

The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or

rock to ensure that ships will be able to pass through a narrow area
safely. A good example of this is the Cape Bojeador Lighthouse in
Ilocos Norte.
 Bridge (Tulay)

The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a

passageway between two areas separated by a body of
water, a hollow area, or a road. During the 1960’s until the
1980’s, more bridges and elevated roads were built in order to
connect islands and to facilitate faster travel even in flood-
prone areas, thanks to improved techniques in engineering
and use of reinforced concrete.

Activity ARCHITECTURE

Name: ______________________________________ Score:

Year/Section: ________________________________

Date: _______________________________________
 I. Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement and
write your answer on the space provided before the number.

_____________________1. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian

families living in lowland areas.

_____________________2. This commercial building is a place or a building for buying and selling goods.

_____________________3. This house generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or stone, and has
a wooden upper level.

_____________________4. Fort Santiago in Intramuros, Manila is a good example of this architectural

form.

_____________________5. Libingan ng mga Bayani is an example of this architectural form.

_____________________6. A pulpit in a mosque is called a _______________.

_____________________7. A typical Roman Catholic Church built during the Spanish colonial period has
this particular architectural style.

_____________________8. The building of Leyte Provincial Government is an example of this architectural

form.

_____________________9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or

market.

_____________________10. This domestic building is deemed as an evolved form of the apartment.

Research: Using the Internet, look for an example of each form of contemporary architecture mentioned in
the following table. Include the location of the building and a brief description of that structure. An example is
given below.

Form Structure and Location Brief Description

Lighthouse(Parola) Cape Bojeador Light-house, Built during the Spanish colonial
Ilocos Norte period, it is still considered as an
important landmark in the
province. Looking at the cross
section of the tower, it is shaped
like an octagon.
Masjid

Market (Palengke)

Church (Simbahan)

School (Eskwelahan)

Bridge (Tulay)

Part II. Contemporary Performing Arts and Literature in the Philippines

Lesson 5 Literature and Theater

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines
Lesson Proper:

Philippine literature includes the legend of prehistory and the colonial legacy of the Philippines.
Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally
through oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed
copies of these epics as a family heirloom.

One such epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao. Most of the epics were
known during the Spanish era. (“Philippine Literature,” 2016).

Tujan: A Darangen in Dance

The First printed book was the Doctrina Cristiana (1593). Other works written and printed at that
time were mostly religious in nature. Francisco Balagtas wrote Florante at Laura, a metrical romance which
earned him the title of Prince of Philippine Poets (Santos, 2016)
 Doctrina Christiana (1593) Florante at Laura

On December 1, 1846, the first daily newspaper, La Esperanza, was published in the country. Other early
newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Official de Filipinas (1852)

La Esperanza La Estrella Diario de Manila Boletin Official de Filipinas

On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased the
population’s ability to read Spanish and thereby furthered the rise of an educated class called Ilustrado
(meaning, well-informed).
 Some membes of the Ilustrado group, while in Spain, decided to start a Spanish publication with
the aim of promoting the autonomy and independence projects.
Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Ninay and Jose Rizal, who
wrote excellent poetry and his famous novels in Spanish: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Pedro Paterno Ninay

Dr. Jose P. Rizal Noli Me Tangere

Poetry and Metrical Romances

Tanaga – Short poems consisting of four lines with seven syllables each that rhyme at the end of each line.

“HEARTSTRING”
 I belong to you, I do
Body, soul and spirit too
A silver chord, my life line
I am yours, and you are mine

Ladino Poems – Were natives of first Tagalog versifiers who saw print: highly literate in both Spanish and
the vernacular.

Corridos – Were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populace’s need for entertainment as
well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments.

Awit – like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish Period as entertaining edifying, reading
manner in their leisure time. It is also a fabrication of the writer’s imagination although the characters and
the setting may be European. The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains.

Dramas

Moriones
The Moriones is a Lenten rites held annually on Holy Week
on the island of Marinduque, Philippines. The "Moriones" are men
and women in costumes and masks replicating the garb of biblical
Roman soldiers as interpreted by local folks. The Moriones or
Moryonan tradition has inspired the creation of other festivals in the
Philippines where cultural practices or folk history is turned into street
festivals.

Panuluyan
The Tagalog version of the Mexican Las Posados,
and literally means “seeking passage”. Held during
Christmastime but especially on Christmas Eve, it depicts
Joseph and Mary’ search for a room at the inn in Betlehem.

Pangangaluwa

A practice formerly widespread during All Saints’ Day

which literally means for the souls, it is analogous to the English
custom of Souling.
 Salubong

Salubong is a Filipino Easter tradition that has been

observed in the country for a long time. It is a Filipino word that
translates to "meeting" because it is a ritual that reenacts the
meeting of Jesus Christ and His mother, Mary after His
resurrection. It is the culmination of the Easter Vigil that starts
about after 6 pm on Black Saturday and happens on the early
dawn of Easter Sunday.

Senakulo

The Senakulo is a dramatic presentation depicting

the Passion of Jesus Christ: his trial, suffering and death. It is
a traditional part of Lent in several Christian denominations,
particularly in Catholic tradition.

Santacruzan

The Santacruzan (from the Spanish santa cruz, "holy cross")

is the ritual pageant held on the last day of the Flores de
Mayo. It honors the finding of the True Cross by Helena of
Constantinople (known as Reyna Elena) and Constantine
the Great.

Its connection with May stems from the May 3 date of

Roodmas, which Pope John XXIII deleted in 1960 due to the
trend at the time to abolish holy days.

Comedia

It is about courtly love between, a prince and a

princess of different religions, and highlights concepts of
colonial attitudes to Christian-Muslim relations.
 Duplo

A forerunner of the balagtasan. The

performances consist of two teams; one composed of
young women called Dupieras or Belyakas; and the
other, of young men, called Dupleros or Belyakos.

Karagatan

Comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden’s hand.
The maiden’s ring would be dropped into the sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl’s hand in
marriage.

Activity:

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References: (All references / sources at the last page: books, websites, etc.)
Lesson 6: Music and Dance

Objective/s:
 describes various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions
 discusses various art forms found in the Philippines

Lesson Proper:

Music

Philippine Music include musical performance arts in the Philippines or by Filipinos composed in
various genres and styles. The compositions are often a mixture of different Asian, Spanish, Latin American,
American, and indigenous influences.

A type of contemporary music that relates to the tribal music with its stringed instruments, and to
Western music as well, is the Rondalla.

Redentor L. Romero
Rondalla is a traditional string orchestra comprising
two-string, mandolin-type instruments such as the
banduria and laud; a guitar; a double bass; and often a
drum for percussion. The rondalla has its origins in the
Iberian rondalla tradition, and is used to accompany
several Hispanic-influenced song forms and dances.

Great Philippine Classics is a collection of

Philippine classical music published by the National
Philharmonic Society of the Philippines through the
initiative of its founder Redentor L. Romero. It is a
collection of works of great Filipino masters, such as
Bonifacio Abdon, Nicanor Abelardo, Constancio de
Guzman, Felipe P. de Leon, Antonio J. Molina, Hilarion
Rubio, Leopoldo Silos,Santiago Suarez, Manuel Velez,
and Ben Zubiri.

Of the 14 pieces, only five, however, are original violin works: Cavatina, Abelardo: Kundiman, F. P
de Leon; Hating-gabi, Molina; and Salamisim, Rubio. The rest were mainly for voice and piano.

Redentor L. Romero’s conducting career is unparalleled in Philippine music history. He is the

country’s first and only international conductor whose appearances span five continents. He is also one of
the few Asian conductors hailed worldwide by critics.
 Dance

There are many different types of Filipino dances varying in influence and region. Types of Filipino
dance include Cordillera, Muslim, Tribal, Rural, and Spanish Style Dances (“Art of the Philippines” 2016).

Within the cordillera dances, there is Banga, Bendayan, Lumagen/Tachok, Manmanok,

Ragragsakan, Salisid, Talip, dance illustrates the grace and strength of women in the Kalinga tribe.

Tribal Dances include Malakas at Maganda, Kadal Tahaw, Binaylan, Bagobo Rice Cycle, and
Dugso.

Malakas at Maganda Dance

Malakas at Maganda is a national folklore dance. It tells the story of the origin of the Filipino people on the
islands. Another dance, called the Binaylan dance, tells the story of a hen, the hen’s baby, and a hawk. In
this dance, the hawk is said to control a tribe’s well-being and is killed by hunters after attempting to harm
the hen’s baby.

Two examples of traditional Filipino dances are Tinikling and Binasuan and much more.
Filipinos have unique folk dances like tinikling where assistants take two long bamboo sticks rapidly and in
rhythm, clap sticks for dancers to artistically and daringly try to avoid getting their feet caught between them.

Tinikling Binasuan
Also in the southern part of the Philippines, there is
another dance called singkil using long bamboo poles
found in tinikling; however, it is primarily a dance
showing off lavish Muslim Royalty. In this dance, there
are four bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-tac-toe pattern
in which the dancers exploit every position of these
clashing sticks.
Activity:
Lesson 7: Film

Lesson Proper:

Film refers to a sequence of moving pictures, which is typically shown on television or in a cinema.
Filmmaking became an industry in the Philippines during the 1950’s.

Film, also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to simulate
experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use
of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound, and more rarely, other sensory
stimulations.

The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film
industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

Traditionally, films were recorded onto celluloid film stock through a photochemical process and
then shown through a movie projector onto a large screen.

Elements of Film

1. Time

This is considered as the most significant element of cinema. It has three aspects:

Aspects of Time

 Physical Time
This refers to time for an action to take place as it is being filmed and projected
on the screen. This can be altered through accelerated motion, slow motion,
stopped motion, and reverse motion.
 Psychological Time
This refers to the impression of the viewer on how long does it take for a certain
action to take place and how he or she feels when watching that particular
action. For instance, a viewer feels excited when watching fast action scenes.
 Dramatic Time
This signifies the timeline of events portrayed in the film.
2. Space

Just like a painting or a photograph, a film, when projected on the screen has two dimensions.
However, the viewer is able to perceive space because of the following aspects of space.

a. Scale
 This aspects indicates the size of the objects on the screen and how these objects relate
with the area surrounding them.
b. Shooting angle
This denotes the location or angle from where the camera records the scene. Shots may
be taken with the camera directed vertically downwards, vertically upwards, or
horizontally.
c. Lighting
The position of lights can affect how the illusion of depth is created in the film. The
relationship of light and dark on the object can give that illusion of depth to the object.

3. Sound
Aside from dialogue, sound also includes background music, theme melodies, and
silence.

Techniques of Cinema

Cutting or Editing
This involves joining one shot with another, making sure that these two shot are logically
connected. This helps in ensuring that only the scenes that are required in the story will be shown.
Transitions are used for emphasis or for smooth changing of one shot to another, such as dissolve, fade,
and turn-over.

Camera Movement
This is done in order to have a smoother change of view, to help in gradual growth of
emotions, or to stimulate a familiar experience.

Framing
This helps in bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed. Framing can also get the
attention of the audience and sustain that attention.

Forms and Types of Film

Action (Aksyon)

This American-influenced type of film mainly uses physical conflict as emphasis. There
are two types of action films. The first one is based on real-life stories or actual experiences of real persons.
An example of this is Nardong Putik (1972) which starred Ramon Revilla Sr. The other type of action films,
which is centered on purely fictional events, may be based from the tradition of metrical romance or of the
literary komedya, or with contemporary issues.

Animation
Animation is a film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and bringing
them to life. There are three types of animation: drawn animation, cut-out animation, and model or live
animation.
 Bomba
A film that primarily depicts nudity and sex, became popular from 1970’s up to 1990’s.
Known as “bold,” “wet look,” and “ST,” bomba is different from X-rated pornography.

Dokyu (Documentary)
The dokyu is a motion picture that narrates or discusses news events. It may also explain
other subject matter based on facts. The director may add fiction to the subject matter.

Drama
This refers to a motion pictures that dwells on personal problems and conflicts. Drama
draws sentiment and emotion. It is typically meant to be a tearjerker.

Experimental
This type of film attempts to create something radically innovative or something that is
never done before with the camera. It also explores the hidden potentials of film.

Fantasy
This film depicts scenes in an imaginary world. Komiks stories, folklore, and science
fiction all fall under fantasy.

History
This type of film shows actual events that occurred in the past. It may depict real stories of
famous persons, or historical events and places that are recreated in the film.

Horror
A horror film is shown to bring fear to the audience. It includes supernatural beings like
ghosts, goblins, vampires, and imaginary monsters to the story. This genre is very appealing to most
Filipinos, and it may be attributed to the fondness of the Filipino for the supernatural and the unknown.

Comedy (Komedya)
The aim of this is to induce laughter in the audience. There are two types of komedi. The
romantic comedy, which is a love story that is presented with music and humor, usually focuses on chance
encounters, mistaken identity, and use of disguises.

Musical
This is essentially a romantic comedy that is presented with dances, skits, and songs.
There are four types of musical. These are the filmed sarswela, sarswela-type musical, Hollywood-type
musical, and new musical.

Period
A period film centers on characters and events, which are recreated in the movie, occur in
a historical place and time. A good example of this is Oro Plata Mata (1982), which tries to reconstruct life in
Negros before, during, and immediately after the occupation of the Japanese. This movie, however, centers
on a fictional extended family of a sugar baron.
Activity FILM/CINEMA

Name: __________________________________________ Score:

 Year/Section: _____________________________________

Date: ___________________________________________

I. Research: For each form of contemporary film mentioned in the following table, write an
example, the name of the director of that particular film and a brief summary of that film. An
example is given below.

Form Title of Film, Director Brief Summary

Drama Babangon Ako’t Dudurugin Kita, She was married to Alfred, an
Lino Brocka aspiring politician, who met
another woman from a powerful
political family.
Alfred and the other woman plot
against Salve. However, Salve
survived and took revenge.
Action

Comedy

Documentary

Historical

Horror

Lesson 2 (another topic under a unit or a chapter)

Objective/s:

Lesson Proper: (Discussion of the topic/s covered in Lesson 2)

Activity:
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References: (All references / sources at the last page: books, websites, etc.)