APA style

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Style guides
• ACS Style Guide
• AMA Manual of Style
• The Associated Press Stylebook
• The Chicago Manual of Style
• Turabian
• The Elements of Style
• The Elements of Typographic Style
• ISO 690
• MHRA Style Guide
• MLA Handbook
• MLA Style Manual
• The New York Times Manual
• The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
• The Publication Manual of the APA

• Yahoo! Style Guide

American Psychological Association (APA) Style is a set of rules developed to assist

reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences. Designed to ensure clarity
of communication, the rules are designed to "move the idea forward with a minimum of
distraction and a maximum of precision."[1] The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association contains guidelines for every aspect of writing, especially in
the social sciences, from determining authorship to constructing a table to avoiding
plagiarism and constructing accurate reference citations.

Contents
[hide]

• 1 Early editions
• 2 Sixth Edition of the Publication Manual
• 3 APA Style online
o 3.1 Resources on apastyle.org
o 3.2 Resources on the APA Style Blog
 o 3.3 Resources on Social Media
• 4 Errors in the First Printing of the Sixth Edition
• 5 Sections and subsections of papers using sixth edition
• 6 Headings
• 7 Citation
• 8 Reference list
o 8.1 Print sources
o 8.2 Electronic sources
• 9 Statistical expressions in APA
• 10 Graph and table layout
• 11 Other non-print sources
• 12 See also
• 13 Notes
• 14 References

• 15 External links

[edit] Early editions

The Publication Manual was established in 1929 as a seven-page document with a set of
procedures to increase the ease of reading comprehension (APA, 2009a, p. xiii).[2]
Created under the sponsorship of the United States National Research Council, its
originators included psychologists, anthropologists, and publishing professionals.

In 1952, the booklet was expanded and published as a 55-page supplement in

Psychological Bulletin with revisions made in 1957 and 1967 (APA, 1952, 1957, 1967).[3]
[4][5]
The first edition covered word choice, grammar, punctuation, formatting, journal
publication policies, and "wrapping and shipping" (APA, Council of Editors, 1952,
p. 442).

In response to the growing complexities of scientific reporting, subsequent editions were

released in 1974, 1983, 1994, and 2001. Primarily known for the simplicity of its
reference citation style, the Publication Manual also established standards for language
use that had far-reaching effects. Particularly influential were the "Guidelines for
Nonsexist Language in APA Journals," first published as a modification to the 1974
edition, which provided practical alternatives to sexist language then in common usage.[6]
[7]
The guidelines for reducing bias in language have been updated over the years and
presently provide practical guidance for writing about race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual
orientation, and disability status (APA, 2009, pp. 70–77; see also APA, 2009b).[8]

[edit] Sixth Edition of the Publication Manual

The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
was released in July 2009 after 4 years of development. The Publication Manual
Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters
for the revision based on published criticism, user comments, commissioned reviews, and
input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals,
and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b).[9][10] To accomplish these revisions,
the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: Bias-
Free Language, Ethics, Graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, References,
Statistics, and Writing Style (APA, 2009, pp. xvii-xviii).

Thoroughly reorganized and updated, the sixth edition was significantly revised to
incorporate the technological advances that had affected virtually all areas of scientific
communication since the previous edition was published (APA, 2001). Specific revisions
in the sixth edition include

• expanded ethics guidance on determining authorship, sharing data, plagiarism,

and self-plagiarism;
• a new section on Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS), stressing the need
for precision and consistency in reporting methodology and providing practical
guidelines for achieving this consistency;
• new, simplified heading style for easier comprehension of online articles;
• expanded guidelines on reducing bias in language, including a new section on
presenting historical language that is inappropriate by present standards;
• new guidelines for reporting inferential statistics as well as thoroughly revised
and expanded tables of statistical abbreviations and measures;
• new procedures and examples for the electronic presentation of data;
• new formats for electronic references, with a focus on the digital object identifier,
or DOI, as the most reliable way to locate online information;
 • expanded information about the publishing process, including a new discussion of
the peer review process;
• all new examples and illustrative material to demonstrate revised standards of
style.

[edit] APA Style online

There are multiple online aids to the sixth edition of the Publication Manual. Among
them are the following:

[edit] Resources on apastyle.org

• Main apastyle.org page

• Learning resources page, including links to free tutorials, an online course, and
other content arranged by subject
• Free tutorials:
o The Basics of APA Style
o What's New in the Sixth Edition
• FAQs about APA Style
• Online course:
o Mastering the Sixth Edition

[edit] Resources on the APA Style Blog

The APA Style Blog is a repository for current information about APA Style. It addresses
commonly asked questions from readers as well as areas the manual may not address,
such as

• how to cite social media, like

o Twitter,
o Facebook,
o Kindles (or other e-book readers), and
o Wikipedia articles.

It also answers questions about how to cite regular references as well as electronic
references.

Other topic areas include

• databases
• how to use DOIs or digital object identifiers
• grammar and usage questions
• Lists, including how to use
o lettered lists,
o numbered lists,
 o bulleted lists, and
o how to choose what type of list you need.

The categories on the right-hand side of the blog show the different areas that have been
explored, and users can also search the site using a Google search box to find answers to
their questions.

[edit] Resources on Social Media

The APA Style team maintains a Facebook page and a Twitter feed (@APA_Style).

[edit] Errors in the First Printing of the Sixth Edition

Despite multiple reviews of the manuscript at the copyediting and proofreading stages by
senior editors, staff realized shortly after the manual had gone to press that the sample
papers contained errors. They took prompt action to correct the errors and to post the
fully corrected papers on the APA Style website where they were made available for
viewing and downloading. Staff concurrently examined the rest of the manuscript and
found the following additional errors:

• In 188 style guidelines, two errors were made, and one of these was a punctuation
error.
• In almost 1,000 examples provided to illustrate those rules, 36 errors were made
(roughly half of these occurred in the sample papers, which were subsequently
corrected and posted online). Another 10 occurred in the 374 examples that were
provided in the reference chapter.
• Five clarifications to text were made. These were not errors but rather clarified
and expanded text, for example, adding a second example for both a blog post and
a blog comment.
• Three pages of nonsignificant typographical errors were corrected. These included
such things as changing an em dash to an en dash, changing a minus sign to a
hyphen, and correcting for added space that was automatically added when a
sample form was reproduced.

In the interest of transparency (and following the same procedure that was followed for
the fifth edition), staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on
October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter alerted users to the existence of the corrections in
a blog entry. On the same day the corrections were posted, an individual posting to the
Educational and Behavioral Sciences Section listserv (EBBSS-L) of the American
Library Association alerted readers to what she described as the "many" errors in the first
printing and speculated that "some but not all" would be corrected in a second printing.
On October 5, 2009, APA staff responded to the note clarifying that errors were found in
the sample papers, that the papers had been corrected and posted online, that the
substantive guidance in the manual was correct and accurate as printed, and that a full list
of corrections could be found at the APA Style website.
On October 13, 2009, the article "Correcting a Style Guide" was published in the online
newspaper Inside Higher Education that included interviews with several individuals
who defined the errors as "egregious" (Epstein, 2009).[11] The article, along with rumors
spread on various listervs, resulted in exaggerated accounts of both the magnitude and the
extent of the errors, with some reports on Amazon.com claiming more than 80 pages of
errors had occurred.

APA responded to the increasing confusion by issuing an apology and implementing a

return/replacement program for purchasers who wished to exchange their first printing
copies for second printing copies of the Publication Manual. The first edition copies
returned to APA were destroyed. The second and all subsequent printings of the
Publication Manual have been fully corrected.

[edit] Sections and subsections of papers using sixth

edition
Because of changes in some areas from the fifth edition, such as References, the
information listed below should be used with caution as it does not reflect the sixth and
most recent edition of the Publication Manual or its corrected second printing.

Papers or articles following the 6th edition of The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (APA Style) will typically include the following sections, each
of which starts on a new page:

1. Abstract
2. Text (body of paper)
3. References
4. Footnotes
5. Tables (new page for each table)
6. Figures (new page for each figure, include figure caption below the figure on the
same page---this is a change from the 5th ed.)
7. Appendices (optional---may not be present for all papers)

The guidelines for manuscript preparation can be found in Chapter 8 of the 6th edition of
the Publication Manual on p. 228. It covers margins, typeface, line spacing, and other
matters.

Note that these guidelines are intended specifically for submitting to APA Journals.
Many universities have other requirements that add to or supersede the requirements in
the APA Style manual.

[edit] Headings
The use of headings aids in establishing the hierarchy of the sections of a paper to help
orient the reader. Topics within a paper that have equal importance will have the same
level of headings throughout the paper. For example, in a paper with multiple
experiments, the heading for the Method section for Experiment 1 should be at the same
level as the heading for the Method section for Experiment 2.

Headings can also function as an outline to reveal the paper's organization. This is
particularly true when the paper is submitted to APA journals. Also, avoid having one
sub-section heading in a paper. Use at least two subsections with any given section or
none at all.

APA’s heading style consists of five possible levels of subordination. Level 1 is the
highest level and Level 5 is the lowest level. Most papers will use two or three levels.
Levels are always used consecutively, beginning with Level 1. APA does not use the
heading "Introduction" to begin a paper, as the opening of a paper is considered by
default to be the introduction.

1. Level 1: Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings

2. Level 2: Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3. Level 3: Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with period.
4. Level 4: Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with period.
5. Level 5: Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with period.[12]

You can read more about them and see examples in the APA Style Blog category for
headings.

[edit] Citation
Reference citations in text are done using parenthetical referencing. Most usually, this
involves enclosing the author's surname and the date of publication within parentheses,
separated by a comma, generally placed immediately after the reference or at the end of
the sentence in which the reference is made. However, it is also common for the authors
to be the subject or object of a sentence. In such a case only the year is in parentheses. In
all cases of citation, author name(s) are always followed immediately by a year, and years
are never presented without author name(s) immediately preceding it. In the case of a
quotation, the page number is also included in the citation.

Full bibliographic information is then provided in a Reference section at the end of the
article. APA style defines that the reference section may only include articles that are
cited within the body of an article. This is the distinction between a document having a
Reference section and a bibliography, which may incorporate sources which may have
been read by the authors as background but not referred to or included in the body of a
document.

Single author
Format should be Author's last name followed directly by a comma, then the year
of publication. When one makes the reference to the author(s) directly as a part of
 the narrative, then only the year (and page number if needed) would remain
enclosed within parentheses. The same holds for multiple authors.
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005).
Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
Two authors
Authors should be presented in order that they appear in the published article. If
they are cited within closed parentheses, use the ampersand (&) between them. If
not enclosed in parentheses then use expanded "and".
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu,
2005).
Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
Three to five authors

With three to five authors, the first reference to an article includes all authors. Subsequent
citations in the same document may refer to the article by the principal author only plus
"et al." All authors must be present in the references section.

A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo,
2005).
Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic
cause of alcoholism.
Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).
Six or seven authors

The correct format in the text is (First Author et al., Year) or First Author et al. (Year).

Brown et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.

In the reference section, all authors' names should be included if there are six or seven
authors.

Eight or more authors

In the text, the first and all subsequent references should be to First Author et al. (Year)
or (First Author et al., Year).

In the reference list, list the first six authors, and then put an ellipsis (three periods), and
then list the last author.

Brown, A. B., Johnson, C., Laird, K., Howard, O. P., Evans, S., Gregory, T.
S., . . . Pritchard, J. (2004). ..... (study has eight or more authors)
Multiple publications, same author

If an author has multiple publications that you wish to cite, you use a comma to separate
the years of publication in chronological order (oldest to most recent). If the publications
occur in the same year, the Publication Manual recommends using suffixes a, b, c, etc.
(note that corresponding letters should be used in the reference list, and these references
should be ordered alphabetically by title).

Recent studies have found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004,
2005a, 2005b).
Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) has conducted studies that have discovered a
possible genetic cause of alcoholism
Multiple publications, different authors

Follow the rules for one author above, and use a semicolon to separate articles. Citation
should first be in alphabetical order of the author, then chronological within author.

Recent studies found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995;

Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)
Direct quotes

The same rules as above apply here, the format being (Author, Year, Page Number).

When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said, "I
think it's the reinforcement" (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).
Pauling (2004, p.69) stated that Max had said "I think it's the reinforcement".

[edit] Reference list

The APA style guide prescribes that the Reference section, bibliographies and other lists
of names should be accumulated by surname first, and mandates inclusion of surname
prefixes. For example, "Martin de Rijke" should be sorted as "de Rijke, M." and "Saif Al-
Falasi" should be sorted as "Al-Falasi, S." For names in non-English languages, follow
the capitalization standards of that language. For each of the source types below a
hanging indent should be used where the first line is flush to the left margin and all other
lines are indented.

[edit] Print sources

Book by one author

• Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San

Diego, CA: Halstead.

Book by two authors

• Kurosawa, J., & Armistead, Q. (1972). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the
surface of an enigma. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: McMaster University Press.

Chapter in an edited book

 • Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained
containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and
occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London, England:
OtherWorld Books.

Dissertation (PhD or masters)

• Mcdonalds, A. (1991). Practical dissertation title (Unpublished doctoral

dissertation). University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Article in a journal with continuous pagination (nearly all journals use continuous
pagination)

• Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on
the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

• Kling, K. C., Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999). Gender
differences in self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 470–
500. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.470

Article in a journal paginated separately Journal Pagination

• Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket

change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

Article in a weekly magazine

• Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time,
135, 28–31.

Article in a weekly magazine with DOI

• Hoff, K. (2010, March 19). Fairness in modern society. Science, 327, 1467-1468.
doi:10.1126/science.1188537

Article in a print newspaper

• Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). "Never Gonna Give You Up" says Mayor. Toronto
Sol, p. 4.

[edit] Electronic sources

For electronic references, websites, and online articles, APA Style asserts some basic
rules, including to

• direct readers specifically to the source material using URLs which work
 • include retrieval date ONLY when content is likely to change (e.g., wikis)
• include all other relevant APA Style details for the source

Online article based on a print source, with DOI (e.g., a PDF of a print source from a
database)

• Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005).

Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: a dimensional-spectrum
conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 114, 537-550. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.537

Online article based on a print source, without DOI (e.g., a PDF of a print source from a
database)

• Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of
colour versus black and white. Journal of Pointless Research, 11, 123–127.

Online article from a database, no DOI, available ONLY in that database (proprietary
content—not things like Ovid, EBSCO, and PsycINFO)

• Liquor advertising on TV. (2002, January 18). Retrieved from

http://factsonfile.infobasepublishing.com/

OR

• Liquor advertising on TV. (2002, January 18). Retrieved from Issues and
Controversies database.

Article in an Internet-only journal

• McDonald, C., & Chenoweth, L. (2009). Leadership: A crucial ingredient in

unstable times. Social Work & Society, 7. Retrieved from
http://www.socwork.net/2009/1/articles/mcdonaldchenoweth

Article in an Internet-only newsletter (eight or more authors)

• Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., Thyme, E. J., . . .
Bradford, J. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based
popular writing: Project update. Off the Beaten Path, 7. Retrieved from
http://www.newsletter.offthebeatenpath.news/otr/complaints.html

Article with no author identified (the title moves to the "author" position)

• Britain launches new space agency. (2010, March 24). Retrieved from
http://news.ninemsn.com.au/technology/1031221/britain-launches-new-space-
agency
Article with no author and no date identified (e.g., wiki article)

• Harry Potter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 28,
2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Harry_Potter&oldid=380786432

Entry in an online dictionary or reference work, no date and no author identified

• Verisimilitude. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th ed.).

Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/verisimilitude

E-mail or other personal communication (cite in text only)

• (A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001)

Book on CD

• Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]. New York, NY: Random
House/Listening Library.

Book on tape

• Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-
1999-1999]. New York, NY: Random House/Listening Library.

Movie

• Gilby, A. (Producer), & Schlesinger, J. (Director). (1995). Cold comfort farm

[Motion picture]. Universal City, CA: MCA Universal.

[edit] Statistical expressions in APA

Some of the more common examples are given below. Italics and spaces need to be
carefully noted.

Note on Probabilities
There are two ways to report statistical probability: pre-specified probability
given as a range below the chosen alpha level and exact probability given as a
calculated p-value. Since most statistical packages calculate an exact value for p,
the Publication Manual recommends that exact p-values should be reported.

• Example: p < .05

• Example: p = .031 (preferred)
 Exceptions, where a pre-specified probability range may be preferred, include
large or complex tables of correlations or when the p-value is particularly small
(e.g., p < .001).
Reporting F-tests
General format: F([df-between], [df-within]) = [F-obtained], p = [p-value], [eta-
squared obtained] = [value].

• Example: F(2, 50) = 9.35, p < .001, η2 = .03.

If a p-value is not significant, then the letters ns are substituted, or the precise p-
value is substituted prefaced by an equals sign.

• Example: F(2, 50) = 1.35, ns.

• Example: F(2, 50) = 1.35, p = .18. (preferred)

If an F-value is less than 1, thereby implying that it can never be statistically

significant, then neither the F-value itself, nor the associated p-value, is reported.

• Example: F(2, 50) < 1.

• Example: F < 1.

Reporting t-tests
General format: t([df error])= [t-obtained], p = [p-value], [Cohen's d obtained] =
[value].

• Example: t(9) = 2.35, p = .043, d = .70.

Reporting χ2 tests
General format: χ2([df error], N = [total sample size]) = [Chi-squared obtained], p
= [p-value].

• Example: χ2(4, N = 24) = 12.4, p = .015.

[edit] Graph and table layout

• Graphs
o should not have tick marks for the measures
o should have titles for the x and y axis
o should not have an outline around the graph
o should not have minor lines on the chart
o The legend should either not exist if the graph is simple or should be
inside the chart
o need to be on a figure captions page, with an explanation of the data
represented
o do not have page numbers, and should have penciled in, on the back the
top and the figure caption that corresponds to it.
 • Tables
o do have page numbers
o do not have vertical lines

[edit] Other non-print sources

No personal communication is included in the reference list; instead, parenthetically cite
the communicators name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the
communication in your main text only.

(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with citation style
(personal communication, November 3, 2002).

[edit] See also

Wikiversity has learning materials about APA style

Style guides
• ACS Style Guide
• AMA Manual of Style
• The Associated Press Stylebook
• The Chicago Manual of Style
• Turabian
• The Elements of Style
• The Elements of Typographic Style
• ISO 690
• MHRA Style Guide
• MLA Handbook
• MLA Style Manual
• The New York Times Manual
• The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
• The Publication Manual of the APA

• Yahoo! Style Guide

• Citation
• Comparison of reference management software

[edit] Notes
1. ^ apastyle.org APA Style
2. ^ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). 2009.
Washington, DC
 3. ^ American Psychological Association, Council of Editors. (1952). Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association. Psychological Bulletin,
49(Suppl., Pt. 2), 389-449.
4. ^ American Psychological Association. (1957). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (Rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
5. ^ American Psychological Association. (1967). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (Rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Author
6. ^ American Psychological Association, Task Force on Issues of Sexual Bias in
Graduate Education. (1975). Guidelines for nonsexist language in APA journals.
American Psychologist, 30, 682-684. doi:10.1037/h0076869
7. ^ APA Publication Manual Task Force. (1977). Guidelines for nonsexist language
in APA journals [Change Sheet 2]. American Psychologist, 32, 487-494.
doi:v10.1037/0003-066X.32.6.487
8. ^ American Psychological Association. (2009b). Supplemental material: Chapter
3: Writing clearly and concisely. Retrieved at
http://apastyle.org/manual/supplement/index.aspx
9. ^ American Psychological Association. (2007a, April 13–14). Meeting of the
Council of Editors[Agenda book]. APA Archives, Washington, DC.
10. ^ American Psychological Association. (2007b, May 18–20). "Meeting of the
Publications and Communications Board[Agenda book]. APA Archives,
Washington, DC.
11. ^ Epstein, J. (2009, October 13). Correcting a style guide: Scholars turn to style
manuals for guidance in authoring error-free manuscripts, but what happens when
the manual itself is laden with errors?" Inside Higher Education. Retrieved from
[1]
12. ^ "The Owl At Purdue" (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/).

[edit] References
• American Psychological Association. (2010). The Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN
9781433805622
• American Psychological Association. (2001). The Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN
9781557987914

[edit] External links

• Introduction to APA Style - Hypertextual electronic workshop hosted by the
Online Writing Lab (OWL), Department of English, Purdue University.
• APA Style—Reference List/In-Text (pdf)
• Create References APA - Free Generator APA references
• APA "Citation Styles" Online Guide - Resource hosted by the Department of
English, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
 • Apacite – "A BibTeX style which closely follows American Psychological
Association style citations, providing a very good match."
• APA.cls – Resource compiled by Athanassios Protopapas, Institute for Language
and Speech Processing (ILSP), Athens, Greece.
• APA Guide Basics Summary (pdf) - Webpage summary of APA Rules.
• APA Style - APA Style Online home page.
• CiteFast - Free Citation Generator
• "Citation Machine" – Citation style generator (APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian).
• Amacite – Automatic citation style generator and library for books powered by
Amazon.com (APA, MLA).
• "KnightCite: A Project of Hekman Library – APA, MLA, and Chicago Style
citation generator hosted by Calvin College.
• "NoodleBib Express" – Style advice, citation creator (APA, MLA, Chicago,
Turabian).
• Psychology with Style: A Hypertext Writing Guide (for the 5th edition of the APA
Manual) (February 1, 2007 - Version 5.014). - Teacher's Guide compiled by Mark
Plonsky, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style"

Categories: Style guides | Academic style guides | Psychology publications | Style guides
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