CANTILEVER TYPE RETAINING WALL

DATA
Angle of shearing resistance Ø 0
30
Angle of inclination of backfill θ 0
0
Coefficient of friction between soil & concrete 0.5
Unit weight of soil γs kN/m3 22
Unit weight of water γw kN/m3 9.81
Unit weight of concrete γc kN/m3 25
Bearing pressure of soil kN/m2 120
Concrete compressive strength fck N/mm2 20
Tensile strength of steel fst N/mm2 415
For balanced section (For Fe-415) Xu/d 0.48
Uniform water pressure on wall q kN/m2 23.05

W2

W3 W1
H
h

W4 Pa

c b d
e W5

COEFFICIENTS OF EARTH PRESSURE

CosØ 0.866
Cosθ 1.000
SinØ 0.500
Sinθ 0.000
Coefficient of active earth pressure Ca 0.333
Coefficient of passive earth pressure Cp 3.000

PRELIMINARY DIMENSIONS OF WALL

Total width of base slab L m 3.5
Top width of stem a m 0.5
Bottom width of stem b m 0.75
Height of backfill above the base of heel h m 3.50
Thickness of base slab e m 1
Width of toe slab c m 1.00
Width of heel slab d m 1.75
Vertical Height of stem above base slab H m 2.50
Width of channel m 3.00
Depth of flow in channel m 2.35
 STABILITY OF RETAINING WALL

DESTABILIZING FORCES ACTING ON WALL

1 Active Earth pressure
Height of backfill above the heel h m 3.50
Earth pressure acting on wall Pa kN 44.92
Line of action from toe m 2.17

Active pressure intensity at the bottom kN/m2 38.50

2 Uniform surcharge pressure

Pressure on wall kN/m2 23.05
Destabilizing Force kN 80.675
Line of action from toe m 1.75

Total Destabilizing Force kN 125.59

STABILIZING FORCES ACTING ON WALL

1 Soil weight
Weight of Rectangular section of backfill W1 kN 96.25
Line of action from toe m 2.625
Weight of Triangular section of backfill W2 kN 6.875
Line of action from toe m 1.67

2 Self weight
Wight of rectangular section of stem W3 kN 31.25
Line of action from toe m 1.25
Weight of triangular section of stem W4 kN 7.81
Line of action from heel m 1.58
Weight of base slab W5 kN 87.50
Line of action from heel m 1.75

3 Water weight
Weight of water W6 kN 69.16
Line of action from toe m 2.50

Total Stabilizing force kN 298.85

DESTABILIZING MOMENTS ABOUT TOE

1 Due to Active Earth Pressure
Moment about toe kN-m 97.32

2 Due to Uniform pressure

Moment about toe kN-m 141.18

Total destabilizing moment kN-m 238.50

STABILIZING MOMENTS ABOUT TOE

1 Due to Soil
Moment about toe kN-m 264.11
 2 Due to self weight
Moment about toe kN-m 204.557

3 Due to uniform water

Moment about toe kN-m 172.901

Total stabilizing moment kN-m 641.57

Factor of safety against overturning F.S 2.42 > 1.4

Factor of safety against sliding F.S. 1.07 > 1.4

Provide Shear Key

Design of Shear Key

Let the depth of shear key below ground level 1.20
Ressisting force 346.37

Factor of safety against sliding F.S. 1.24

Check For Bearing Pressure

Distance of resultant force from toe x m 1.35
Eccentricity of force from the center of base e m 0.401
Area of base for unit width A m2 3.5
Section modulus Z m3 2.042

Pressure on soil under the toe q1 kN/m2 144.12

Pressure on soil under the heel q2 kN/m2 26.65

Net Upward or Downward Pressure on base

Pressure at the base at the toe kN/m2 216.18
Pressure at the base at the heel kN/m 2
39.98
Pressure at the point B kN/m2 165.83
Pressure at the point C kN/m 2
128.08

Factored load intensity on the base due to self

weight & soil weight
At point A kN/m2 37.50
At point B kN/m 2
37.50
At Point C kN/m2 154.58
At Point D kN/m2 154.58

Resultant load intensity at point A kN/m2 178.68

Resultant load intensity at point B kN/m2 128.33
Resultant load intensity at point C kN/m2 26.50
Resultant load intensity at point D kN/m2 114.60
 L

A C D
39.98
216.18

Pressure Distribution below base

154.58
37.50
Load intensity from above

114.60
178.68

Resultant pressure on the base

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

Bending moment in heel slab M kN-m 130.51
Shear force at critical section at face V kN-m 123.46
Effective depth of heel slab D mm 217.48

Provide a depth of heel slab mm 500

At the end the depth of slab mm 350

Clear cove provided mm 40

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 25
Effective thickness of slab d mm 447.5

Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2 840.504

Cross sectional area of bars mm2/m 490.87

Spacing of bars mm 584.02

Provide spacing of bars @ mm c/c 220
Actual reinforcement provided mm2/m 2231.24

Shear Check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.28
100Ast/bd 0.50
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm2 0.48
O.K.

Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 600

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 12

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm 2
113.10
Spacing of bars mm 188.50
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 180

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

Bending moment in toe slab kN-m 80.9477
Effective depth of toe slab d mm 171.28

Adopt a depth of toe slab mm 500.00

At the end, depth mm 350.00

Clear cove provided mm 40

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 25.00
Effective depth of toe slab mm 447.50

Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2 513.221

Critical section distance from face m 0.4475

Pressure intensity at critical section kN/m2 150.86
Shear force at critical section V kN 91.03

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 490.87

Spacing of bars mm 956.46

Provide reinforcement bars at the spacing of mm 220.00

Actual reinforcement provided mm /m
2
2231.2

Shear check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.203
100Ast/bd 0.499
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm2 0.48
O.K.

Temperature & Shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 600

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 12

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 113.10
Spacing of bars mm 188.50
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 180

DESIGN OF STEM
Effective height of stem above the base slab m 2.5
Factored bending moment in stem at the point
of meeting of base slab M kN-m 28.6458

Effective depth of stem section required d mm 101.89

Provide a overall depth mm 600

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 25.00
Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 490.87
 Clear cove provided mm 40

Effective depth of toe slab mm 547.50

Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2/m 145.719

Spacing of bars mm 3368.64

Provide reinforcement bars at the spacing of mm 220.00

Actual reinforcement provided mm2/m 2231.2

Factored shear force at the face V kN 34.375

Shear check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.063
100Ast/bd 0.372
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm 2
0.4
O.K.

At top the effective depth of stem mm 500

Clear cover on bars mm 40
Effective depth at top of stem mm 460
Temperature & Shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 657

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 12

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 113.10
Spacing of bars mm 172.14
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 180

500

12 mm bars @ 180 mm c/c 25.00 mm bars@ 220.00 mm c/c

12 mm bars@ 180 mm c/c

25 mm bars@ 220 mm c/c

12 mm bars@ 180 mm c/c
600.00
500.00 500
350.00 350

3.5

25 mm bar@ 220.00 mm C/c

 CANTILEVER TYPE RETAINING WALL

DATA
Angle of shearing resistance Ø 0
30
Angle of inclination of backfill θ 0
0
Coefficient of friction between soil & concrete 0.5
Unit weight of soil γs kN/m3 21
Unit weight of water γw kN/m3 10
Unit weight of concrete γc kN/m3 25
Bearing pressure of soil kN/m2 120
Concrete compressive strength fck N/mm2 25
Tensile strength of steel fst N/mm2 415
For balanced section (For Fe-415) Xu/d 0.48
Uniform water pressure on wall q kN/m2 23.05

W2

W3 W1
H
h

W4 Pa

c b d
e W5

COEFFICIENTS OF EARTH PRESSURE

CosØ 0.866
Cosθ 1.000
SinØ 0.500
Sinθ 0.000
Coefficient of active earth pressure Ca 0.333

PRELIMINARY DIMENSIONS OF WALL

Total width of base slab L m 4.8
Top width of stem a m 0.5
Bottom width of stem b m 0.75
Height of backfill above the base of heel h m 5.00
Thickness of base slab e m 0.5
Width of toe slab c m 2.00
Width of heel slab d m 2.05
Vertical Height of stem above base slab H m 4.50
Width of channel m 3.00
Depth of flow in channel m 2.35
 STABILITY OF RETAINING WALL

DESTABILIZING FORCES ACTING ON WALL

1 Active Earth pressure
Height of backfill above the heel h m 5.00
Earth pressure acting on wall Pa kN 87.50
Line of action from toe m 2.17

Active pressure intensity at the bottom kN/m2 52.50

2 Unifrom surcharge pressure

Pressure on wall kN/m2 23.05
Destabilizing Force kN 115.25
Line of action from toe m 2.5

Total Destabilizing Force kN 202.75

STABILIZING FORCES ACTING ON WALL

1 Soil weight
Weight of Rectangular section of backfill W1 kN 193.725
Line of action from toe m 3.775
Weight of Triangular section of backfill W2 kN 11.8125
Line of action from toe m 2.67

2 Self weight
Wight of rectangular section of stem W3 kN 56.25
Line of action from toe m 2.25
Weight of triangular section of stem W4 kN 14.06
Line of action from heel m 2.58
Weight of base slab W5 kN 60.00
Line of action from heel m 2.40

3 Water weight
Weight of water W6 kN 69.16
Line of action from toe m 3.50

Total Stabilizing force kN 405.01

DESTABILIZING MOMENTS ABOUT TOE

1 Due to Active Earth Pressure
Moment about toe kN-m 189.58

2 Due to Unifrom pressure

Moment about toe kN-m 288.13

Total destabilizing moment kN-m 477.71

STABILIZING MOMENTS ABOUT TOE

1 Due to Soil
 Moment about toe kN-m 762.81

2 Due to self weight

Moment about toe kN-m 306.891

3 Due to unifrom water

Moment about toe kN-m 242.062

Total stabilizing moment kN-m 1311.76

Factor of safety against overturning F.S 2.471 > 1.4

Factor of safety against sliding F.S. 0.899 < 1.4

Check For Bearing Pressure

Distance of resultant force from toe x m 2.06
Eccentricity of force from the center of base e m 0.341
Area of base for unit width A m2 4.8
Section modulus Z m3 3.840

Pressure on soil under the toe q1 kN/m2 120.31

Pressure on soil under the heel q2 kN/m2 48.45
Net Upward or Downward Pressure on base
Pressure at the base at the toe kN/m2 180.46
Pressure at the base at the heel kN/m2 72.67
Pressure at the point B kN/m2 135.55
Pressure at the point C kN/m2 118.71

Factored load intensity on the base due to self

weight & soil weight
At point A kN/m2 18.75
At point B kN/m2 18.75
At Point C kN/m2 195.08
At Point D kN/m2 195.08

Resultant load intensity at point A kN/m2 161.71

Resultant load intensity at point B kN/m2 116.80
Resultant load intensity at point C kN/m2 76.37
Resultant load intensity at point D kN/m2 122.40

A C D
72.67
180.46

Pressure Distribution below base

195.08
18.75
Load intensity from above

122.40
161.71

Resultant pressure on the base

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

Bending moment in heel slab M kN-m 224.96
Shear force at critical section at face V kN-m 203.74
Effective depth of heel slab d mm 255.39

Provide a depth of heel slab mm 500

At the end the depth of slab mm 350

Clear cove provided mm 40

Effective thickness of slab D mm 540
Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2 1800
Bending strength with provided reinforcement M 305.526

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 20

Cross sectional area of bars mm2/m 314.16

Spacing of bars mm 174.53

Provide spacing of bars @ mm c/c 160
Actual reinforcement provided mm2/m 1963.50

Shear Check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.41
100Ast/bd 0.39
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm2 0.44
O.K.

Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 648

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 12

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 113.10
Spacing of bars mm 174.53
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 175

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

Bending moment in toe slab kN-m 293.479
Effective depth of toe slab d mm 291.70
Adopt a effective depth of toe slab mm 500.00
At the end effective depth mm 350.00

Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2 1850

Bending strength with provided reinforcement kN-m 313.459

Critical section distance from face m 0.5

Pressure intensity at critical section kN/m2 128.03
Shear force at critical section V kN 217.30

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 20.00

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 314.16

Spacing of bars mm 169.82

Provide reinforcement bars at the spacing of mm 160.00

Actual reinforcement provided mm2/m 1963.5

Shear check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.435
100Ast/bd 0.393
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm2 0.44
 τc
O.K.

Clear cove provided mm 40

Total depth of toe slab mm 540.00

Temperature & Shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 648

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 12

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 113.10
Spacing of bars mm 174.53
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 175

DESIGN OF STEM
Effective height of stem above the base slab m 4.5
Factored bending moment in stem at the point
of meeting of base slab M kN-m 159.469

Effective depth of stem section required d mm 215.02

Provide a effective depth mm 600

Tension reinforcement required Ast mm2/m 922.012

Dia of reinforcement bars provided mm 20.00

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 314.16

Spacing of bars mm 340.73

Provide reinforcement bars at the spacing of mm 55.00

Actual reinforcement provided mm2/m 5712.0

Factored shear force at the face V kN 106.313

Shear check
Nominal shear stress τv N/mm2 0.177
100Ast/bd 0.952
Permissible shear stress τc N/mm2 0.62
O.K.

Clear cove provided mm 50

Total depth of toe slab mm 650.00
At top the effective depth of stem mm 200
Clear cover on bars mm 35
Effective depth at top of stem mm 165
Temperature & Shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 780

Dia of bars provided for temperature reinforcement mm 10

Cross sectional area of reinforcement mm2 78.54
Spacing of bars mm 100.69
Provide bars at right angle to main reinforcement @ of mm 155
 Bars Curtailment
Distance of point considered from top of stem m 3
Bending moment at that point M kN-m 47.25
Effective depth required at that point d mm 117.04
Actual effective depth available at this point mm 455
Curtail Bars

Reinforcement required at that section Ast mm2/m 545.92

Resisting moment with provided reinforcement M kN-m 87.90

Cut the alternate bars & remaining bars may be allowed to top.
Actual point of cutoff from top m 2.545

Temperature & shrinkage reinforcement mm2/m 2848.5

Reinforcement on back face mm2/m 949.5
Reinforcement on front face mm2/m 1899
Provided dia. Of temperature & shrinkage reinforcement mm 12
Cross sectional area of bar mm2 113.097

Spacing of bars on back face mm 119.11

Provided spacing of bars on back face mm 145

Spacing of bars at front face mm 59.56

Provided spacing of bars on back face mm 70

200

12 mm bars @ 70 mm c/c 12 mm bars@ 145 mm c/c

12 mm bars@ 175 mm c/c

20 mm bars@ 160 mm c/c

12 mm bars@ 175 mm c/c
650.00
540.00 540
350.00 350

4.8

20 mm bar@ 160.00 mm C/c