HI

NDUSTHANCOLLEGEOFENGINEERI
NGAND
TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENTOF
AERONAUTI
CALENGINEERI
NG

16AE4001
AERODYNAMICS
LABORATORY

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 16AE4001AERODYNAMI
CSLABORATORY
LI
STOFEXPERI
MENTS

1.St
udyofSubsoni
cWi
ndTunnel
.

2.Cal
i
brat
ionofSubsoni
cWi
ndTunnel
.

3.Det
ermi
nat
ionofLi
ftForTheGi
venAer
ofoi
lSect
ion

4.Pr
essur
eDi
str
ibut
ionov
erRoughCi
rcul
arCy
li
nder
.

5.Pr
essur
eDi
str
ibut
ionov
erSmoot
hCi
rcul
arCy
li
nder

6.Pr
essur
eDi
str
ibut
ionov
erSy
mmet
ri
cAer
ofoi
l

7.Pr
essur
eDi
str
ibut
ionov
erCamber
edAer
ofoi
l

8.SmokeFl
owVi
sual
i
zat
ionSt
udi
esi
nSubsoni
cFl
ows.

9.Wat
erFl
owVi
sual
i
zat
ionSt
udi
esI
nSubsoni
cFl
owsUsi
ngWat
erFl
owChannel
s

10.
For
ceMeasur
ementonAnAi
rf
oil
Usi
ngBl
owerBal
anceForSmal
lAspectRat
ioModel
s.

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
Exp.No. :
01
Dat
e :

STUDYOFSUBSONI
CWI
NDTUNNEL

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Windtunnel
saredev i
ceswhichprovi
desairst
reamsfl
owingundercont
rol
led
condit
ionssothatmodelsofint
erestcanbetestedusi
ngthem fr
om oper
ati
onalpoi
ntofvi
ew
wind-tunnel
saregeneral
l
yclassi
fiedas

(
1)Lowspeedt
unnel
s

(
2)Hi
ghspeedt
unnel
s

(
3)Speci
fi
cpur
poset
unnel
s.

LOW SPEEDTUNNELS

Lowspeedtunnel
sarethosewit
htestsect
ionspeedlesst
han650kmph
dependi
nguponthet
estsecti
onsi
ze.Theyareref
err
edtoassmal l
size(or
)fuel
scal
etunnel
s,
havi
ngnoguider
etur
nofairasshowninfig,
.

Afterl
eavingthediff
user,t
heaircir
cul
ates,bydivi
sionpathbacktothe
i
ntake,i
fthetunnel,
drawsai rdensit
yfrom theatmosphereenti
relyfr
eshairisused.The
secondtype,
calledclosedcircui
ttunnels(or)r
etur
nflowtunnel
, hasacontinuouspathoft
he
ai
r.

Bothopencircui
tandclosedci r
cuittunnelscanoper at
ewi theitheropen
j
et( or)cl
osedjeti
sthattestsect
ions.Openjeti
st hattestsectionwithoutsidewal l
s. Thetest
sectioncrosssect
ioncanhav edif
ferentsi
dewal
lsandcl osedj etisthatwit
hsi dewalls.The
crosssectioncanhavediffer
entshapessuchasr ectangular,ci
rcular
,ell
i
ptical
, oct
agonal etc.
,

Agener
all
yuti
li
tyl
owspeedtunnel
hasfl
owimpor
tantcomponent
s
namel
y,t
hedi
ff
user
,thet
est-
sect
ion,t
hedi
ff
useranddri
vi
nguni
t.

n= Ar
eaofent
ryofconv
ergentcur
ve

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 Ar
eaofexi
tofconv
ergentcur
ve

Thecont
ract
ionr
ati
ousual
l
yvar
iesf
rom 4t
o20f
orconv
ent
ional
lowspeed
t
unnel
.

TESTSECTI
ON

Thepor t
ionofthetunnelwithconstantfl
owcharact
erist
ics,acrossit
ssecti
onistunnel
ast
estorwor kingsecti
on,si
nce,boundarylayeri
sfor
medal ongt hetestsecti
onwall
s.The
wal
l
sar egivenasuitabl
edivergencesot hatt
henetcrosssecti
onal areaoftheuni
for
mf low
i
sconstantalongthelengt
hoft estsect
ion.

DI
FFUSER

Thepurposeofthediff
useristoconvertt
hekineti
cenergyofthef
lowcomi ngoutof
thetestsecti
ontothepressureenergybef
oreitl
eavesthediff
user,
aseff
ici
ent
lyaspossibl
e
general
ly.Thesmall
eristhediff
userneartheexi
t,i
tscrosssecti
onshoul
dbecirculart
o
accommodat ethefan.

THEDRI
VINGUNI
T

General
l
ythedri
vewhichconsi
stsofamot orandapropell
er(
or)fan
combi
nat
ion.Thefanistoi
ncreasest
hestat
icpressur
eofthestr
eam leavi
ngthedif
fuser
.

Thewindtunnelfanwor ki
ngsimil
art othepropell
erofairpl
aneoperat
esunder
peculi
arcondi
ti
onsthatputiti
nacl assbyitsel
f.Sincethethrustofthefanisdragofvari
ous
tunnelcomponent
sv ar
ytheymai nt
ainanev envelocityfr
ontintestsecti
on.Al
thoughthe
conclusi
onisnott
rue.I
ndeedmanyl argetunnelswhi chareequippedwithbothrpm andpit
ch
changemechanism useonlythelat
herbeingqui ckandsimi l
ar.

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
RESULT:

Thesubsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel
isst
udi
ed.

Exp.
no:
02

Dat
e:

CALI
BARTIONOFSUBSONICWINDTUNNEL
PLOTOFRPM VsTESTSECTI
ONVELOCITYI
NASUBSONI
C
WINDTUNNEL.

AI
M:

Topl
otRPM Vs.Testsect
ionv
eloci
tyi
nasubsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel
.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

Lowspeedsubsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel

PROCEDURE:

1.Swi
tchont
hewi
ndt
unnel
.

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
2.Sett
heRPM as_
___
.

3.Measur
ethecor
respondi
ngv
eloci
ty.

4.Si
mil
arl
yfordi
ff
erentRPMsnot
ethecor
respondi
ngv
eloci
ti
es.

5.Ther
eadi
ngsar
etabul
ated.

6.Pl
otagr
aphbet
weenRPM andt
estsect
ionv
eloci
ty.

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ON:

S.
NO RPM TESTSECTI
ONVELOCI
TY

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
RESULT:

Thust
hegr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
weenRPM andt
estsect
ionv
eloci
tyi
nasubsoni
cwi
nd
t
unnel
.

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
Exp.
no:
03

Dat
e:

DETERMINATIONOFLI FTFORTHEGIVENAIRFOILSECTION
(Appl
icabl
eforbot
hsy mmet
ri
calandcamber
edairf
oil
)

AI
M:

Tomeasur
ethef
orcesonasy
mmet
ri
c/Camber
edai
rf
oil
atdi
ff
erentangl
eofat
tack.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

1.Subsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel
s

2.Sy
mmet
ri
c/Camber
edai
rf
oil

FORMULA:

L
CL =
1 2
ρVS
2
D
CD =
1 2
ρVS
2

CL -Co-
eff
ici
entofl
i
ft

CD -Co-
eff
ici
entofdr
ag

L -Li
ftf
orce

D -Dr
agf
orce

Ρ -Densi
tyofai
r

V -Fr
eest
ream v
eloci
ty

S -Sur
facear
eaoft
heai
rf
oil

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE:

1.Theai
rf
oil
ismount
edi
nthet
estsect
ionwi
tht
her
equi
redAOA.

2.Thecor
respondi
ngLi
ftandDr
agf
orcei
snot
ed.

3.Si
mil
arl
yfi
ndt
heLi
ftandDr
agf
orcef
orv
ari
ousAOA.

10

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ON:

TABLE1

S.
N Li
ftf
orce Dr
agf
orce Si
def
orce
Angl
eofAt
tack
o (
kg) (
kg) (
kg)

TABLE2

S.
N Li
ftf
orce Dr
agf
orce Si
def
orce
Angl
eofAt
tack
o (
N) (
N) (
kg)

TABLE3

S.
N Co-
effi
cientof Co-
eff
ici
entof Co-
effi
cientof
Angl
eofAt
tack
o Li
ft Drag Sideforce

2
11

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 3

RESULT

he Co,
Thust Ct,
Cs onsy
mmet
ri
cal
air
foi
latdi
ff
erentangl
eofat
tacki
sdet
ermi
ned.

Exp.
No:
04

Dat
e:

PRESSUREDI
STRI
BUTI
ONAROUNDAROUGHCI
RCULAR
CYLI
NDER

AI
M:

Todet
ermi
net
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eraci
rcul
arRoughcy
li
nder

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

1.RoughCy
li
ndr
ical
model
wit
hpr
essur
etappi
ng

2.Subsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel

3.Mul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

FORMULA:

12

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 p-ps
Coef
fi
cientofpr
essur
e,cp =
1 2
ρav
2

p =ρwghsi
nθ

P -Pr
essur
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ng

ps -St
ati
cpr
essur
e(or
)ref
erencepr
essur
e

ρw -Densi
tyofwat
er

ρa -Densi
tyofai
r

g -Accel
erat
ionduet
ogr
avi
ty

h -Hei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

v -Vel
oci
tyofai
r

13

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE:

1.Thecy
li
nderi
smount
edi
nthet
estsect
ionwi
thoneoft
hepr
essur
etappi
ngsf
aci
ngt
he

f
low.

2.Thet
ubebundl
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ngi
sconnect
edt
othet
ubesoft
hemul
ti
-t
ube

manomet
eraccor
dingt
othenumber
ing.

3.Swi
tchont
het
unnel
andsett
her
pm as_
___
___
.

4.Not
ethehei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er.

5.Ther
eadi
ngsar
etabul
atedandt
hecor
respondi
ngv
alueofco-
eff
ici
entofpr
essur
e(Cp)

i
snot
ed.

6.Agr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
weenCpandt
heangul
arl
ocat
ionoft
hepr
essur
etappi
ng(
θ).

14

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ONS:

TABLE1

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er) Tunnel
stat
ic
pressur
Free e
st
ream
S.
N RP vel
ocit (or
)
o M y r
eferenc
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12
e
v
∞ pressur
e

h13

TABLE2

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stati
c
Free pressur
e
st
ream
S.
N (or)
RPM vel
ocit
o y referenc
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12
e
v∞ pressure

P13

3
15

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 4

TABLE3
p-ps Theor
eti
cal
resul
t,
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
Pressu ρav
S.
N 2 Cp=1- n2θ
4si
re
o
t
apping RPM= RPM= RPM=
θ(
Degr
ee) Cp
V∞ V∞ V∞

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

16

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

RESULT:

Thent
hedet
ermi
nat
ionoft
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eraRoughcy
li
nderi
sest
imat
ed.

Exp.
No:
05

Dat
e:

PRESSUREDI
STRI
BUTI
ONAROUNDASMOOTHCI
RCULAR
17

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 CYLI
NDER

AI
M:

Todet
ermi
net
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eraci
rcul
arcy
li
nder

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

1.Smoot
hCy
li
ndr
icalmodel
wit
hpr
essur
etappi
ng

2.Subsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel

3.Mul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

FORMULA:
p-ps
Coef
fi
cientofpr
essur
e,cp =
1 2
ρav
2

p =ρwghsi
nθ

P -Pr
essur
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ng

ps -St
ati
cpr
essur
e(or
)ref
erencepr
essur
e

ρw -Densi
tyofwat
er

ρa -Densi
tyofai
r

g -Accel
erat
ionduet
ogr
avi
ty

h -Hei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

v -Vel
oci
tyofai
r

18

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE

1.Thecy
li
nderi
smount
edi
nthet
estsect
ionwi
thoneoft
hepr
essur
etappi
ng’
sfaci
ng

t
hef
low.

2.Thet
ubebundl
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ngi
sconnect
edt
othet
ubesoft
hemul
ti
-t
ube

manomet
eraccor
dingt
othenumber
ing.

3.Swi
tchont
het
unnel
andsett
her
pm as_
___
___
.

4.Not
ethehei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er.

5.Ther
eadi
ngsar
etabul
atedandt
hecor
respondi
ngv
alueofco-
eff
ici
entofpr
essur
e(Cp)

i
snot
ed.

6.Agr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
weenCpandt
heangul
arl
ocat
ionoft
hepr
essur
etappi
ng(
θ).

19

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ONS:

TABLE1

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er) Tunnel
stat
ic
pressur
Free e
st
ream
S.
N RP vel
ocit (or
)
o M y r
eferenc
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12
e
v
∞ pressur
e

h13

TABLE2

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stati
c
Free pressur
e
st
ream
S.
N (or)
RPM vel
ocit
o y referenc
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12
e
v∞ pressure

P13

20

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 3

TABLE3
p-ps Theor
eti
cal
resul
t,
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
Pressu ρav
S.
N 2 Cp=1- n2θ
4si
re
o
t
apping RPM= RPM= RPM=
θ(
Degr
ee) Cp
V∞ V∞ V∞

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6
21

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

RESULT:

Thenthedeter
minat
ionoft
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eraci
rcul
arsmoot
hcy
li
nderi
s
est
imated.

22

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
Ex.
no:
06

Dat
e:

PRESSUREDI
STRI
BUTI
ONSOVERASYMMETRI
CAI
RFOI
L

AI
M:

Todet
ermi
net
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
erasy
mmet
ri
cai
rf
oil
.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

1.Sy
mmet
ri
cAi
rf
oil
model
wit
hpr
essur
etappi
ng

2.Subsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel

3.Mul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

FORMULA:
p-ps
Coef
fi
cientofpr
essur
e,cp =
1 2
ρav
2

p =ρwghsi
nθ

P -Pr
essur
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ng

ps -St
ati
cpr
essur
e(or
)ref
erencepr
essur
e

ρw -Densi
tyofwat
er

23

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
ρa -Densi
tyofai
r

g -Accel
erat
ionduet
ogr
avi
ty

h -Hei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

v -Vel
oci
tyofai
r

24

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE

1.Mountt
hesy
mmet
ri
cAi
rf
oil
wit
hther
equi
redangl
eofat
tack.

2.Connectt
hepr
essur
etappi
ngt
ubebundl
eoft
heai
rf
oil
tot
het
ubebundl
eoft
hemul
ti

t
ubemanomet
eraspert
henumber
ing.

3.Swi
tchont
hewi
ndt
unnel
andsett
her
equi
redRPM.

4.Not
ethehei
ght
soft
hemul
ti
tubemanomet
er.

5.Ther
eadi
ngsar
etabul
atedandt
hecor
respondi
ngv
alueofco-
eff
ici
entofpr
essur
e(Cp)

i
snot
ed.

6.Agr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
weenCpandx/
c(l
ocat
ionofpr
essur
etappi
ngwi
thr
espectt
othe

chor
d)

7.Repeatt
heexper
imentf
ordi
ff
erentRPM orAOA

25

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ON:

TABLE-
A

Pressu
S.
N x(
dist
anceofpr
essur
etappi
ngf
rom
re x/
c
o l
eadi
ngedge)
t
apping

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

1.FORCONSTANTAOA:

TABLE1

α=_
___

Free Manometr
icpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er) Tunnel
S.
N RP st
ream stat
ic
o M vel
ocit pressur
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12
y e

26

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 (or
)
r
eferenc
e
v
∞ pressur
e

h13

27

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABLE2

α=_
___

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stat
ic
pressur
Free e
st
ream
S.
N RP vel
ocit (or
)
o M r
eferenc
y P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P1 P1 P1
0 1 2 e
v∞ pressur
e

P12

TABLE3
p-ps
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
ρav
Pressur
e 2
S.
No x/
c
tapping
RPM= RPM= RPM=

V∞ V∞ V∞

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4
28

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

29

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
1.FORCONSTANTRPM:

TABLE1

RPM =_
___

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er) Tunnel
stati
c
pressur
e
S.
N
AOA (or)
o h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12 r
eference
pressure

h13

TABLE2

RPM =_
___

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stati
c
pressur
e
S.
N
AOA (or)
o
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 r
eference
pressure

P13
30

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 1

TABLE3
p-ps
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
ρav
Pressur
e 2
S.
No x/
c
tapping
α= α= α=

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

31

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

RESULT

Thust
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eracamber
edai
rf
oil
iscal
cul
ated.

Exp.
no:
07

Dat
e:

PRESSUREDI
STRI
BUTI
ONSOVERACAMBEREDAI
RFOI
L

AI
M:

Todet
ermi
net
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
eracamber
edai
rf
oil
.

32

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

1.Camber
edAi
rf
oil
model
wit
hpr
essur
etappi
ng

2.Subsoni
cwi
ndt
unnel

3.Mul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

FORMULA:
p-ps
Coef
fi
cientofpr
essur
e,cp =
1 2
ρav
2

p =ρwghsi
nθ

P -Pr
essur
efr
om t
hepr
essur
etappi
ng

ps -St
ati
cpr
essur
e(or
)ref
erencepr
essur
e

ρw -Densi
tyofwat
er

ρa -Densi
tyofai
r

g -Accel
erat
ionduet
ogr
avi
ty

h -Hei
ghtoft
hel
i
qui
dint
hemul
ti
-t
ubemanomet
er

v -Vel
oci
tyofai
r

33

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE:

1.Mountt
hecamber
edAi
rf
oil
wit
hther
equi
redangl
eofat
tack.

2.Connectt
hepr
essur
etappi
ngt
ubebundl
eoft
heai
rf
oil
tot
het
ubebundl
eoft
he

mul
tit
ubemanomet
eraspert
henumber
ing.

3.Swi
tchont
hewi
ndt
unnel
andsett
her
equi
redRPM.

4.Not
ethehei
ght
soft
hemul
ti
tubemanomet
er.

5.Ther
eadi
ngsar
etabul
atedandt
hecor
respondi
ngv
alueofco-
eff
ici
entofpr
essur
e

(
Cp)i
snot
ed.

6.Agr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
weenCpandx/
c(l
ocat
ionofpr
essur
etappi
ngwi
thr
espectt
o

t
hechor
d)

7.Repeatt
heexper
imentf
ordi
ff
erentRPM orAOA

34

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULATI
ON:

TABLE-
A

S.
N Pressur
e x(
dist
anceofpr
essur
etappi
ngf
rom
x/
c
o tapping l
eadi
ngedge)

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

2.FORCONSTANTAOA:

TABLE1

α=_
___

Free Manometr
icpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er) Tunnel
st
ream stat
ic
S.
N RP vel
ocit pressur
o M y h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12 e
v
∞
(
or)
35

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 r
eferenc
e
pressur
e

h13

36

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 TABLE2

α=_
___

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stat
ic
pressur
Free e
st
ream
S.
N RP vel
ocit (or
)
o M r
eferenc
y P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P1 P1 P1
0 1 2 e
v∞ pressur
e

P13

TABLE3
p-ps
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
ρav
S.
N Pressur
e 2
x/
c
o tapping
RPM= RPM= RPM=

V∞ V∞ V∞

1 1

2 2

37

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

38

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
3.FORCONSTANTRPM:

TABLE1

RPM =_
___

Tunnel
Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
cm ofwat
er)
stati
c
pressur
e
S.
N
AOA (or)
o
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12 r
eference
pressure

h13

TABLE2

RPM =_
___

Manomet
ri
cpr
essur
ereadi
ng(
N/m2) Tunnel
stati
c
pressur
e
S.
N
AOA (or)
o
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 r
eference
pressure

P13

2
39

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
3

40

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABLE3
p-ps
Exper
iment
alr
esul
t,Cp =
1 2
ρav
S.
N Pressur
e 2
x/
c
o tapping
α= α= α=

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

41

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
RESULT:

Thust
hepr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionov
ersy
mmet
ri
cai
rf
oil
iscal
cul
ated.

Exp.No.:
8

Dat
e:

FLOW VI
SUALAI
ZATI
ONSTUDI
ESI
NSUBSONI
CFLOWS

AI
M:

Tof
indchar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hef
lowgener
atedbygi
venobj
ect
s.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

Ai
rf
oil
(or
)thepl
atebuf
fbodi
es

THEORY:

Themostcommonmet
hodoff
lowf
iel
dvi
sual
i
zat
ioni
sthr
oughsmoke.Asi
gni
fi
cant

adv
ant
ageofsy
stem i
sthef
actt
hatsmokecanbest
art
edandst
oppedi
nfr
act
ionofa

42

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
second.Thepr
obl
em associ
atedwi
tht
hisi
sthel
owqual
i
typhot
ogr
aphi
crecor
drat
hert
han

r
eal
timehumanv
isual
inspect
ion.

43

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
PROCEDURE:

1.Cov
ert
hebacksi
deoft
estsect
ionwi
thdar
kcl
oth.

2.Swi
tchONt
hel
i
ght
.

3.Keept
heneedl
eval
vecl
osed.

4.Fi
l
ltheov
erheadbot
tl
ewi
thdi
esel
andcheckt
hel
evel
.

5.Fi
xthesmokedi
str
ibut
oratt
hei
nletoft
het
estsect
ion.

6.Connectt
hebasepi
peoft
hedi
str
ibut
ort
otheout
letoft
hesmokegener
ator
.

7.Connectt
heel
ect
ri
cal
suppl
yofcar
tri
dgeheat
ert
othecont
rol
panel
.

8.Fi
xther
equi
remodel
ist
estsect
ion(
or)or
ient
ati
on.

9.I
nit
ial
l
yopent
heneedl
eval
ueandal
l
owt
hedi
esel
tof
lowi
nthepi
pe.

10.
Nowswi
tchONt
heheat
ercont
rol
uni
t.

11.
Aft
ert
hei
nit
ial
heat
ing,
thesmokest
art
scomi
ngoutofsmokedi
str
ibut
or.

12.
Swi
tchONt
hewi
ndt
unnel
andmakesur
ethatt
hesmokef
lowi
suni
for
m andv
isi
ble.

13.
Obser
vet
hef
lowpat
ter
natdi
ff
erentor
ient
ati
onofmodel
s.

14.
Aft
ert
heexper
imenti
sov
ercl
oset
heneedl
eval
ve.

15.
All
owt
hewi
ndt
unnel
tooper
atef
orsomet
imet
odr
ivet
hesmokeoutoft
het
est

sect
ion.

44

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
CONCLUSI
ON:

Thust
hef
low f
iel
dsar
oundt
hegi
venmodelofdi
ff
erentor
ient
ati
onwer
eanal
yzed

usi
ng smokef
low v
isual
i
zat
ion.Thef
low f
iel
dsar
esket
ched manual
l
yand i
nsome

occasi
onsphot
ogr
aphedf
orf
utur
eanal
yses.

Exp.No.:
9

Dat
e

FLOW VI
SUALI
ZATI
ONUSI
NGWATERCHANNEL

AI
M

Tov
isual
i
zat
iont
hef
lowusi
ngwat
erf
lowchannel
byusi
ngt
wodi
mensi
onal
obj
ect
.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED

Wat
erf
lowchannel

Twodi
mensi
onal
sur
faces

PROCEDURE

1.Thewat
erf
lowchannel
consi
stsoft
hreechannel
s.

2.Themi
ddl
echannel
ist
het
estsect
ion,
wher
ethespeci
mensar
ekept
.

3.Thewat
erhei
ghti
nchannel
sshoul
dnotbemor
ethan2½i
nch.

4.Acommonshaftconsi
sti
ngofbl adesatit
sendsi
sconnect
edt
oaDCmot
or,
whi
ch
dr
ivest
hewat
erinthecornerchannels.

5.Thespeedoft
hef
lowi
scont
rol
l
edbycont
rol
l
ingt
her
pm oft
hemot
or.

6.Whent
hemot
ori
sswi
tchedON,
itdr
iveswat
eri
nthecor
nerchannel
s.

7.Wat
erf
rom t
hecor
nerchannel
sent
erst
het
estsect
ion.
45

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
 8.TheRPM ofthemotori
sseti
nsuchawayt
hatt
hef
lowi
ssmoot
handt
her
eisno
bubbl
eorri
pplef
ormati
on.

9.Waterinthecor
nerchannels,
flowi
nonedi
rect
ionandt
heyconv
ergei
ntot
hemi
ddl
e
channeli
.e.t
hetestsect
ion.

10.
Wheni tl
eavest
hetestsect
ioni
tdi
vi
desi
ntotwost
reamsandent
erst
hecor
ner
channelsandci
rcul
atesi
nthesamemanner
.

11.
Thefl
owismadest
reaml
i
nedbykeepi
nghoney
combst
ruct
uresal
ongt
hef
low
dir
ect
ion.

12.
Cornervanesorbl
adesar
ekeptatt
heent
ryoft
het
estsect
ion,
sot
hatwat
erent
erst
he
testsect
ionsmoothl
y.

13.
Twodi
mensi
onal
model
sar
ekepti
ntextsect
ion.

14.
Sil
vert
hreads[
alsocal
l
edAl
umi
nium powder
]ar
epl
acedal
ongwi
tht
hemodel
int
he
fl
ow.

15.
Thefl
owpassi
ngthr
oughthemodeli
svi
sual
i
zedbyt
hesi
l
vert
hreadskepti
nthe
str
eam oft
hef
lowovert
heobj
ects.

16.
Simi
l
arl
yfl
owov
erdi
ff
erent2Dobj
ect
sisv
isual
i
zedusi
ngwat
erf
lowchannel
.

17.
Oncet
heexper
imenti
scompl
eteddr
aint
hewat
er.

RESULT

Thust
hef
lowi
svi
sual
i
zedusi
ngwat
erf
lowchannel
.

Exp.No.:
10

Dat
e:

BLOWERBALANCEFORSMALLASPECTRATI
O

AI
M:

Tost
udyt
heCo-
eff
ici
entofLi
ftandCo-
eff
ici
entofDr
agf
ort
hedi
ff
erentaspectr
ati
omodel
s.

APPARATUSREQUI
RED:

Theequi
pmenthasbeendesi
gnedasanexper
iment
aluni
ttost
udyt
heCo-
eff
ici
entof

46

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
LiftandCo-eff
ici
entofDragfordi
ffer
entaspectr at
iosofthemodel.Thetestr
igessenti
all
y
consistsofaxial
blowerhandli
ngtheairasthemedi um offl
owandi sdri
venbyACMot or
.The
testrighasprovi
sionsf
orvaryi
ngthepar ametersli
kespeed,i
nturnflowandhead.The
speciall
ydesi
gnedACel ectr
icdri
vefaci
li
tiesaccuratet
hecalcul
ati
onsofinputhorsepowerto
blower .

Aspectrat
io=b2/s
b=br eadt
hoft hemodel
,s=Ar
eaoft
hemodel
(Span)

SPECI
FICATI
ONS:

1.Bl
owerTy
pe :a)Axi
alwi
thci
rcul
arductf
or(
Del
i
ver
y&Suct
ion)Oper
atedat
60Hz.

2.Motor :
ACMot orwit
hthyr
ist
orspeedcont
rol
l
er(ACDri
ve)
3.Dr
ive :
AC.type
4.El
ectr
ical :
Singl
eph,220V,ACsupplywit
hNeutr
alandI
nputt
oandEar
th
t
heconsol
e

FORMULAEUSED:

L
Coef
fi
cientofLi
ftCL=-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
(½)V2S

D
Coef
fi
cientofDr
agCD =-
--
--
--
--
---
--
--
(½)V2S

47

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
Wher
e,
b=breadt
hofthemodel

=Densit
yofair=1.
1kg/ m3
S=Areaofthemodel (Span)
V=Veloci
tyofairm/sec
D=Dragforcei
nKg

PROCEDURE:
-

1.Keept
hemodel
int
est
ingar
ea
2.Sett
hemodel
tor
equi
redangl
eupt
o15º
(±)
3.Swi
tchont
heconsol
e
4.Swi
tchont
hebl
owermot
orandr
otat
ethespeedr
egul
atorknobt
oful
lspeed
5.Not
edownt
hel
i
ft,
drag&ai
rvel
oci
tyf
orzer
oangl
eofat
tack
6.Repeatt
heexper
imentf
ordi
ff
erentangl
eofat
tack

Not
e:1.
Duri
ngtheadj
ust
mentofangl
ethedi
rect
ionofAngl
eisPosi
ti
ve
t
owardst
opandNegat
ivet
owardsdown.

2.TheExper
imenti
sconduct
edusi
ngsuct
ionf
low.

48

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
TABULARCOLUMN:

BLOWERBALANCE

Vel
oci
ty=

Co- Co-
ef
fici
ent ef
fici
ent
Angleof
Model Li
ft Dr
ag span
At
tack ofLi
ft ofDr
ag

CL CD

Sy
mmet
ri
cal

Aer
ofoi
l

Unsy
mmetr
ic
al

Aer
ofoi
l

49

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016
RESULT:

Thustheco-ef
fi
cientofl
i
ftandco-ef
fi
cientdr
agi
scal
cul
atedf
ort
hedi
ff
erentaspect
r
ati
omodel
s.

50

16AE64001-
Aer
odynami
csLabor
ator
y-R2016