Helminthes

(Cestodes)

Hydatiddisease

(hydatidosis),

Echinococcosis

The larval stage of species of the tape worm Echinococcus is known as

the hydatid cyst, several species occur in human:

Echinococcus granulosus :
‫الدوده الشريطيه الكلبيه‬
Common name: dog tape worm, hydatid tape worm.

Disease: hydatid disease.

Geographic distribution:

Echinococcus granulosus widely distributed throughout temperate and

Subtropical regions, commonly in sheep, cattle and human as

(Intermediate host).

Including (Arabia &Iraq).

Definitive host: dogs

Intermediate host: human, sheep, cattle.

Infective stage to human: dog stool, or

Infected meat (sheep or cattle meat) with hydatid cysts.
 Habitat:

Man harbours the larval form (hydatid cyst) especially in liver and lungs
of (intermediate host) like human, cattle, sheep, and goats, Adult worm
is found in the small intestine of dog and other canines (Definitive host).
Morphology:

Scolex: pyriform in shape, has a rostellum with hooks and 4

suckers.

Neck: is short which region of growth.

Strobila: only three segments (rarely four segments) one

immature, one mature and one gravid proglottids.

Mature segment: with male and female genital organ

Gravid segment: measures more than half the total length of the whole
tape worm with sac like uterus.

Egg
ss
Outer shell surround ---- with radially striated embryophore / inner shell
(Hexacanth embryo).
 Morphology of larval stage (Hydatid cyst):
Host such as sheep, cattle,
Including human acts as an intermediate hosts.

Is liver followed by
Lungs (about 70% in liver and 25%in lungs)
eSpleen, kidneys, heart, bones, and CNS
The larva develops to form hydatid cyst, which is made up of fibrous layer of
host tissue surrounding the cyst, striated layer and germinal layer. Brood
capsules are budded out from the germinal layer into the cyst cavity, brood
capsules and free protoscolices form the hydatid sand fluid.

The cyst may contain endogenous daughter cysts. Some cysts are become sterile.

When the cyst is eaten by canine host the scolex evaginates and attached
to the intestinal wall where it becomes an adult worm.
Life cycle of E.granulosus:
Pathogenesis and symptomatology:
1, Most of the hydatid cysts develop in the liver, infection of the lung is next in
prevalence, the other organs also invaded occasionally As the cyst grows, pressure
and necrosis may result in the destruction of the normal liver tissue and impaired
liver function.
2. Rupture of the cyst causing the liberation of hydatid sand into the pleural
, peritoneal or pericardial cavities and the associated dissemination of scoleces
result in multiple secondary hydatid cyst formation.
3. Hydatid cysts in the brain produce increasing symptomatic evidence of an
intracranial tumor.
Diagnosis:
1) Casoni's test (Intradermal test)
2) Radiology:
X-ray film demonstrate hydatid cyst in lung, bone, Ultra sound, CT scan .Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)
3) Serological Tests:
Based on detection of antibodies and antigen in the patient serum. .useful tests include
ELISA, complement fixation test

Treatment:
Surgical removal of the cyst .is the most effective treatment.