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Mathematical Reasoning: Solutions
Mathematical Reasoning: Solutions
Mathematical Reasoning
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
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300 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
6. Negation of the statement “There does not exist a parallelogram whose diagonals are of equal
length” is
(1) It is not the case that there does not exist a parallelogram whose diagonals are of equal length
(2) It is false that there does not exist a parallelogram whose diagonals are of equal length
(3) There exists a parallelogram whose diagonals are of equal length
(1) Only (ii) (2) Only (i) (3) (i) & (iii) (4) (ii) & (iii)
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 301
9. Negation of the given statement p is
P : There exists a rational number y such that y3 108.
(1) There exists an irrational number y such that y3 = 108
(2) There exists an irrational number y such that y3 108
(3) There does not exist a rational number such that y3 = 108
(4) There does not exist a rational number such that y3 108.
Sol. Answer (3)
Compound Statements
10. Which of the following option can be used as basic connectives?
13. In which of the following statements “And” is not used as basic connective?
p : 63 is a multiple of 3, 7, 9 and 21
q : Product of 8 and 4 is even number
r : H.C.F. of 2 and 3 is one
3
s: 8 is a rational number and 8 is a perfect cube
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302 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
14. In which of the following statement “And” is not used as basic connective
p : L.C.M. of 5 and 3 is 15
q : 108 is a multiple of 2, 3, 6 and 36
r : Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen
s : Product of an even number and odd number is always odd
(3) All the component statements are false (4) Both (1) & (2)
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 303
Sol. Answer (4)
A compound statement with connective “or” is true when one component statement is true or all the component
statements are true. So both (1) and (2) are correct.
p : All fraction numbers are rational or all rational numbers are fraction
One component statement of p is true, so p is true, all component statements of q and r are true, so all p,
q and r are true.
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304 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
25. p : There exists a natural number which is prime. Statement p can be interpreted as
(1) Every natural number is prime number
(2) There is at least one natural number which is prime
(3) There is at most one natural number which is prime
(4) Every prime number is a natural numbers
Sol. Answer (2)
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 305
27. “If p then q“ is same as (where p and q are statements)
(1) p only if q (2) p is a sufficient condition for q
30. p : If an octagon is regular than all its side and angles are equal.
Contrapositive of statement p is
(1) If all sides and angles of an octagon are not equal then octagon is not regular
(2) If all sides and angles of an octagon are equal then it is regular
(3) If all sides and angles of an octagon are not equal then it is regular
(4) If all sides and angles of an octagon are equal then it is not regular
1 2
31. p : If a cylinder is right circular cylinder then its volume is r h .
3
Contrapositive of statement p is
1 2
(1) If the volume of a cylinder is r h then it is not right circular cylinder
3
1 2
(2) If the volume of a cylinder is not r h then it is not right circular cylinder
3
1 2
(3) If a cylinder is not right circular cylinder then its volume is not r h
3
1 2
(4) Volume can’t be r h
3
Sol. Answer (2)
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306 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
32. The converse of a given statement “if p, then q” is (where p and q are statements)
(1) If q, then p (2) If ~p, then q (3) If ~q, then p (4) If ~p, then ~q
Sol. Answer (1)
Converse of “if p then q” is “if q, then p”
34. p : If a triangle is equilateral then its centroid, circumcenter and incentre lies at same point.
Converse of statement p is
(1) If centroid, circumcentre and incentre of a triangle lies at same point then it is equilateral
(2) If a triangle is not equilateral then its centroid, circumcenter and, incentre will not lie at same point
(3) If a triangle is equilateral then its centroid, circumcenter and incentre will not lie at same point
(4) If centroid, circumcenter and incentre of a triangle does not lie at same point then it is not equilateral
Sol. Answer (1)
Converse of statement “If p then q” is “If q then p”. Hence, converse of given statement is option (1).
35. r : If a finite set has n elements then its total number of subsets is 2n.
Converse of statement r is
(1) If a finite set has n elements then its number of subset is not equal to 2n.
(2) If a finite set has not n elements then its number of subset is equal to 2n.
(3) If number of subset of a finite set in not 2n than it is not finite
36. Equivalent form of “if and only if” for the given statements p and q is
(1) p if and only if q
(2) q if and only if p
(3) p is necessary and sufficient condition for q and vice versa
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 307
37. r : Two chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre if and only if they are equal in length
(1) Two chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre if they are equal in length
(2) Two chords of a circle are equal in length if they are equidistant from the centre
For the given statement p and q equivalent forms of “if and only if” is
38. r : Two polygons are congruent if and only if they are equal in shape and size
(1) If two polygons are congruent then they are equal in shape and size
(2) If two polygons are equal in shape and size then they are not congruent
(3) If two polygons are equal in shape and size then they are congruent
p : If slope of a straight line is 45º, then it is equally inclined to both the axes.
(1) If a straight line is equally inclined to both the axes then its slope is 45º
(2) If a straight line is equally inclined to both the axes then its slope is not 45º
(3) If a straight line is not equally inclined to both the axes then its slope is not 45º
(4) If a straight line is not equally inclined to both the axes then its slope is 45º
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308 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
41. r : Two chords of a circle subtend equal angles at centre if and only if they are equal.
Statement r can be interpreted as
(1) Two chords of a circle subtend equal angle at the centre if they are equal
(2) Two chords of a circle are equal if they subtend equal angle at the centre
(3) Both (1) & (2)
Miscellaneous
42. To check the validity of a statement p by contradiction method, our initial assumption is
43. To check validity of statement we can use which of the following method?
(1) Using a counter example (2) Contrapositive method
44. p : 39 is irrational
To check the validity of statement p, which of the following method we can use?
(1) Direct method (2) Contrapositive method
51. Which of the following is true about the statement? "A mixture of alcohol and water can be separated by
chemical methods"
(1) It is compound statement (2) Connective is and
(3) It is not compound statement (4) Connective is 'or'
Sol. Answer (3)
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310 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
53. Which of the following is not equivalent form of "if and only if" for the given statements p and q?
(1) If p then q
(2) q if and only if p
(3) p if and only if q
(4) p is necessary and sufficient condition for q and vice-versa
Sol. Answer (1)
54. p : if a natural number is odd, then its square is also odd. Which of the following doesn't convey the same
meaning as that by statement p?
(1) A natural number is odd implies that its square is odd
(2) For a natural number to be odd it is necessary that its square is odd
(3) If the square of a natural number is not even then it is odd
(4) If the square of natural number is not odd then it is odd
Sol. Answer (4)
55. p : if you are born in India, then you are a citizen of India.
q : if you are not a citizen of India, then you were not born in India.
Which of the following is true?
(1) p is contrapositive of q (2) p is converse of q
(3) ~ p is contrapositive of q (4) ~ p is converse of q
Sol. Answer (1)
56. p : if two integers a and b are such that a > b then a – b is always a positive integer
q : If two integers a and b are such that a – b is always a positive integer, then a > b
Which of the following is true regarding statements p ane q?
(1) ~ p is converse of q (2) ~ p is contrapositive of p
(3) p is converse of q (4) p is contrapositive of q
Sol. Answer (3)
57. Which of the following is not true regarding the statement "p if and only if q"?
(1) If p is true, then q is true (2) If q is true, then p is true
(3) ~ q ~ p (4) ~ q p
Sol. Answer (4)
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 311
58. In which of the following examples an inclusive "or" is used?
(1) Two lines intersect at a point or are parallel
(3) To apply for a driving licence, you should have a ration card or a passport
(4) All integers are positive or negative
SECTION - B
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
s: 7 is an irrational number
(1) p q, q r, r s, s u (2) p q, q r, r s, s u
(3) p q, q s, r s, s u (4) p q, q s, r s, s u
Sol. Answer (3)
(1) p q, r s, r u (2) p q, q s, s u
(3) p q, q r, p u (4) p q, q r, r s
Sol. Answer (2)
Comprehension-II
Consider the truth table
p q p⇒ ~ (p ~q)
T T A
T F B
F T C
F F D
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312 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
SECTION - C
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Let p be the statement “It rains”, and q be the statement “It is cold”.
STATEMENT-1 : If it rains then it is cold, if it does not rain then it is not cold.
and
STATEMENT-2 : p ⇒ q ~ p q
STATEMENT-1 : p (q r ) ( p q ) ( p r ) .
and
STATEMENT-2 : p (q r ) ( p q ) ( p r ) .
4. STATEMENT-1 : ~ (p q) = p ~q.
and
STATEMENT-2 : p q = ~p q.
Sol. Answer (1)
5. STATEMENT-1 : ~ (p q) = ~ pq.
and
STATEMENT-2 : ~ p q = p~q.
Sol. Answer (1)
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Solutions of Assignment Mathematical Reasoning 313
6. Let p be the statement “x is divisible by 4” and q be the statement “x is divisible by 2”.
STATEMENT-1 : p q
and
STATEMENT-2 : If x is divisible by 4, it must be divisible by 2.
Sol. Answer (4)
8. STATEMENT-1 : If (p ~r) (q r) is false and q and r are false, then p is also false.
and
STATEMENT-2 : p ⇒ q is false, when q is false and p is true.
Sol. Answer (4)
13. STATEMENT-1 : The dual statement of “x is a perfect square or x is a prime number” is “x is a perfect square
and a prime number”.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If x is a prime number, then it is not a perfect square.
Sol. Answer (2)
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314 Mathematical Reasoning Solutions of Assignment
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