ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753

ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology

An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)

On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India

Study of Quality Management in Construction

Industry
D.Ashokkumar 1
1
Student, ME – CEM, Erode Builder Educational Trust’s Group of Institutions, Kangayam-638108, India

Abstract- Construction industry plays an
important role in the development of any country. The
development of construction industry depends on the
quality of construction projects. Quality is one of the
critical factors in the success of construction projects.
Improvement in the quality of construction projects is
linked with quality management in the project life cycle.
Although quality management at every stage of project
life cycle is important but the quality management at the
execution (construction) stage contributes significantly
on final quality outcome of construction projects. This
project mainly focuses the importance and factors that
affects the quality management in the execution
(construction) phase. The project also includes visiting of
some construction companies and conducts the
questionnaire survey, then analyse the difficulties (major
factors) and the cost variance due to quality defect in
quality management and suggests some proactive
measures for the improvement of quality in the execution
phase of construction projects.
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Quality is one of the critical factors in the success of
construction projects. Quality of construction projects, as
well as project success, can be regarded as the fulfilment of
expectations (i.e. the satisfaction) of the project participants.
The construction industry in India has been struggling with
quality issues for many years. A significant amount of the
budget is spent each year on infrastructure and other
development projects. Since the quality outcomes of the
projects are not according to required standards, faulty
construction takes place. Consequently additional
investments are required for removal of defects and
maintenance work. A construction project in its life span
goes through different phases. The main phases of a project
can be described as: conceptual planning, feasibility study,
design, procurement, construction, acceptance, operation
and maintenance.
Quality of construction projects is linked with proper
quality management in all the phases of project life cycle.
Design and construction are the two important phases of
project life cycle which affect the quality outcome of
construction projects significantly. In a NEDO (National
Economic Development Office), London survey aimed at
improving methods of quality control for building works it
was found that "design" and "poor workmanship in the
construction process" combined to form more than 90% of
the total failure events. This paper therefore, focuses on the
quality management in the execution phase of construction
projects. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance
of quality management in the execution phase of
construction projects.
During the last decades construction industry has been
heavily criticized for its performance and productivity in
relation to other industries. With the turn of the new
millennium, it appears that the construction industry is going
through an intense period of introspection, which is
exacerbated by increased technological and social change.
These changes are altering the tempo of the environment
within which construction operates. Moreover, such changes
extensively affect the way business is carried. No organization
operating in the construction industry, whether large or small,
private or public, can afford to ignore its changing
environments if it is to survive.
Many of the management practices used to support
construction organizations are being challenged. The
industry’s clients are moving forward. Clients demand
improved service quality, faster buildings and innovations in
technology. It is no accident that the construction industry has
turned to the manufacturing sector as a point of reference and
source of innovation. Successful concepts derived from
manufacturing, such as Total Quality Management (TQM),
Reengineering and Lean (or Just-in-Time) Production, are
being adopted and integrated into the construction industry.
Implicitly, the successful implementation of these concepts is
heavily dependent on a culture of teamwork and cooperation at
both intra- and inter-organizational levels in construction.

Copyright to IJIRSET www.ijirset.com 36


International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology
An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization,
International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)
On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India
Quality Management has increasingly been adopted by
construction companies as an initiative to solve quality
problems and to meet the needs of the final customer, if ever
an industry needed to take up the concept of QMS (Quality
Management System) in the construction industry. However,
implementing QMS principles in construction industry is
particularly difficult because of the many parties involved.
In this thesis I first present a short review of the
literature on quality management in construction industry.
Secondly, we focus on the problem defining quality in
construction. I use data from my studies on quality in
construction industry to illustrate the problem of defining
quality and also discuss with some contractors. Third, we
focus on problems with implementing quality management in
construction industry. Using those data, I form some the
questionnaire for quality survey. Fourth, form the survey i can
easily predict the major factor affecting the quality of
construction. Fifth, the founded major factor affects the
organization in terms time, cost and reputation. Finally the
research result shows the cost and time for insufficient quality.
Then conclude the research with giving some suggestion to the
organization.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
QMS places emphasis on prevention, not correction.
The goal which works that is 100% free of errors, free of
accidents, and 100% free of waste. The aim of the project is to
do things right at the first time, eliminating waste and rework.
To achieve this, it is necessary to focus on “processes.” A
process is a task or a series of tasks. A process might be the
vibration of fresh concrete, the fabrication of structural
concrete, the preparation of a drawing, or a way in which the
project manager acts with a client and with other members of
the projects .
The main objective of this study is to create the quality
awareness to the construction company especially small scale
industries. Because all the literature and statistics shows that
small scale construction industries not that much aware of
QMS (Quality Management System). Whenever the Quality
Management System is implemented we can easily minimize
the wastage of material, cost overrun, wastage of time, etc...
Specifically, the aims and objectives of this research project
are to:
1. Investigate the adoption and implementation of QMS
in the construction industry.
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ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710
Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014
2. Determine the major factors that are mostly affecting
the quality of construction during the construction particularly
in execution phase.
3. To create the quality awareness to the low level
construction organisations.
4. To minimize the indirect cost of the project and also
reduce the wastage of wastage of materials, time, money,
manpower, etc.
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
This project proposes to investigate the adoption and
implementation of QMS in the construction industry and
develop a “measurement methodology” of construction
processes for customer satisfaction and continuous
improvement. The main concept of this research project will
be to identify “what” processes can be measured and “how”
to measure them. To identify the above objectives, literature
search, questionnaires and interviews will be used. The tools
used in the measurement will be one or several of the “Tools
of Total Quality” such as control and run charts, cause and
effect diagrams, flowcharts, check sheets, Pareto diagrams,
and histograms. For the local construction industry, this
project has the potential of demonstrating benefits of using
TQM in their organizations. This will be carried out by
showing that quality improvement efforts can be quantified,
measured, and analyzed - thereby showing the construction
company to continuously improve in products and services
to meet and even exceed customer needs.
In India especially Tamilnadu lack in quality
management so creating awareness about quality
management is more important. This thesis creates some
awareness about major factor affect the construction quality
and cost of poor quality. Another important of this thesis is
comparing the quality management between high level
companies and low level companies.
1.4 NEED FOR STUDY
In other manufacturing industries are establishing the
TQM (Total Quality Management) system but in construction
industry we cannot establish even QMS (Quality Management
System). The reason behind is every construction project is
unique and quality is ever changing factor i.e. quality change
time to time, place to place. But many common activities in
construction project like the concrete work, Block work,
plastering, etc.
In those common works are affected by some major
factors like quality of material, quality of manpower,
37

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology
An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization,
International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)
On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India
construction detailing, concrete work, etc. in this thesis is very
much helpful for find out the major factors and give result
with cost of poor quality. This thesis is more helpful for
creating cost oriented quality awareness to low level
construction companies.
1.5 TERMINOLOGIES
This part includes the terminologies used in quality
management system. These definitions place a major role in
quality management because researcher’s definitions are the
basic. From the basic we can understand about quality
management.
1.5.1 Quality
ISO 8402 defines quality as the degree of excellence in a
competitive sense, such as reliability, serviceability,
maintainability or even individual characteristics.
We usually think of “quality” in terms of an
excellent product or service that fulfils or exceeds our
expectations. These expectations are based on the intended
use and its cost.
According Dale Besterfield (Quality Control, A
Practical Approach, 7th edition, 2004), Quality can be
expressed as:
Q=P/E
Where: Q = Quality
P = Performance
E = Expectation
If Q is greater than 1.0, then the customer has a
feeling of great satisfaction about the product or service
rendered. The determination of Q is based on perception,
with the contractor determining performance and the
customer determining expectations. The customer
expectations are continually becoming more demanding.
1.5.2 Quality Systems
Quality systems refer to the organizational structure,
process, resource and procedure needed to implement quality
management.
1.5.3 Quality Assurances
Quality assurance is the planned and systematic
activities implemented within quality system and
demonstrated, as needed, to provide adequate confidence that
an entity will fulfil requirements for quality.
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ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710
Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014
Quality assurance is evaluating the overall project
performance on a regular basis to provide a confidence that the
project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.
The primary function of quality assurance is to obtain
completed construction that meets all contract requirements.
Assurance is defined as a degree of certainty. Quality
assurance personnel continually assure or make certain that the
contractor's work complies with contract requirements.
1.5.4 Quality Control
Quality Control is the monitoring of specific project
results to determine if they comply with the relevant quality
standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of
unsatisfactory performance.
Both ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and
ISO define quality control as the operational technique and
activity; for example, providing a means to control and
measure the characteristics of a material, structure, component,
or system that are used to fulfil requirements for quality.
1.5.5 Quality Management
Quality management refers to all activities of overall
management functions, especially top management leadership,
that determine quality policy objectives and responsibilities for
all members of the organization.
1.5.6 Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total quality management is the management approach
of an organization, which concentrates on quality based on the
participation of its members and aims at long-term success
through satisfaction and benefits to all members of the
organization and society.
1.5.7 Quality planning
Quality Planning is identifying which quality
standards are relevant to the project and determining how to
satisfy quality standards.
1.6 QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES
Total Quality Management mainly demands a process of
continued improvement aimed at reducing variability. An
organization wishing to support and develop such a process
needs to use quality management tools and techniques. It is
prudent to start with the more simple tools and techniques.
These are Check-sheet, Check list, Histogram, Pareto
38

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology
An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization,
International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)
On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India
Diagram, Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram),
Scatter Chart and Flowchart.
1.6.1 Check-sheet
Check-sheet is used to record events, or non-events
(non–conformances). They can also include information such
as the position where the event occurred and any known
causes. They are usually prepared in advance and are
completed by those who are carrying out the operations or
monitoring their progress. The value of check-sheet can be
retrospective analysis, so they help with problem identification
and problem solving.
1.6.2 Checklist
Checklist is used to tell the user if there is a certain
thing, which must be checked. As such, it can be used in the
auditing of quality assurance and to follow the steps in a
particular process.
1.6.3 Histogram
Histogram provides a graphical representation of the
individual measured values in a data set according to the
frequency of occurrence. It helps to visualize the distribution
of data and there are several forms, which should be
recognized, and in this way they reveal the amount of variation
within a process. It should be well designed so that people who
carry out the operation can easily use them.
1.6.4 Pareto Analysis
It is a technique employed to prioritize the problems so
that attention is initially focused on those, having the greatest
effect. It was discovered by an Italian economist, named
Vilfredo Pareto, who observed how the vast majority of wealth
(80%) was owned by relatively few of the population (20%).
As a generalized rule for considering solutions to problems,
Pareto analysis aims toidentify the critical 20% of causes and
to solve them as a priority.
1.6.5 Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram)
Cause and Effect Diagram, which was developed by
Karoa Ishikawa, is useful in breaking down the major causes
of a particular problem. The shape of the diagram looks like
the skeleton of a fish. This is because a process often has a
multitude of tasks footing into it, any one of which may be a
cause. If a problem occurs, it will have an effect on the
process, so it will be necessary to consider the whole multitude
of tasks when searching for a solution.
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ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710
Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014
1.6.6 Scatter Diagram
The relationship of two variables can be plotted in the
scatter diagrams. They are easy to complete and obviously
linear pattern reveals a strong correlation.
1.6.7 Flowcharts
Flow chart is used to provide a diagrammatic picture
using a set of symbols. They are used to show all the steps or
stages in a process project or sequence of events. A flowchart
assists in documenting and describing a process so that it can
be examined and improved. Analysing the data collected on a
flowchart can help to uncover irregularities and potential
problem points.
1.6.8 Statistical analysis
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization,
analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with
all aspects of data, including the planning of data collection in
terms of the design of surveys and experiments.
1.6.9 PDCA cycle
PDCA is an iterative four-step management method
used in business for the control and continuous improvement
of processes and products. It is also known as the Deming
circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or
plan–do–study–act.Another version of this PDCA cycle is
OPDCA. The added "O" stands for observation
1.6.10 Pilot survey
A brief preliminary survey, often using a small,
convenience sample, conducted to test the survey
instruments and data collection method before the project
details are finalized and the larger, formal survey conducted.
1.7 COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Companies for questionnaire survey are mainly
classified in to 3 types according to their cost. They are high
level, middle level, and low level companies.
 High level companies their project cost is more
than 100 crore,
 Middle level companies project cost ranges from 5
to 100 crore, and
 Low level company’s project cost less than 5 crore.
The high level companies are located in Chennai,
Bangalore areas and The middle and low level companies
are located in Coimbatore, tiruppur, erode areas.
39

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology
An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization,
International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)
On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India
1.8 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROLIN
CONSTRUCTION
Quality Control (QC) in construction is the process of
verifying that the project is built to plan, that the tolerances
allowable by industry standard and engineering practices
have been met or bettered, and that the finished project (and
all phases to get there) meet with the quality standards of the
architect, engineer, owner, and general contractor. On
construction projects there aredozens of subcontractors, all
of which have specific responsibilities. Superintendents and
project managers try to maintain high quality standards but
they can't be everywhere at once. Requiredinspections by
cities and counties (as well as other jurisdictions, depending
on the project) help to ensure safety and code issues. In
addition, a good general contractor or developer will have
onstaff a QC person, someone who is responsible for going
through the building or project, ensuring compliance, and
maintaining an on-going list of corrective items that must be
accomplished before thecontractor who installed it is paid or
leaves the job. QC technicians generally keep a very detailed
binder, separated by areas/rooms/phases of the project with
notes of items that must be eitherverified or corrected, with
sign-off as each is accomplished. This binder becomes part
of the project record and is an important element to
completing the project on time and with expected
qualityMaintained.
1.9FACTORS AFFECT QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Limitation of Finance: This was the main factor of
construction and in every type of work where contractor had
to plan for financial payment to eliminate the risk because it
might affect the project.
2. Limitation of Communication: Construction site
sometimes was located in rural areas or far away from the
community. It might be a cause which affected
transportation causing difficulty and delay, therefore it was a
limitation that contactor had to consider.
3. Limitation of Labour and Wage:In many different local
areas, the problem related to labour such as lack of skilled
labour, complex work, not being able to find labour might
occur, which might be causes of work difficulty, delay and
low quality.
4. Limitation of Weather: Weather was one of several
important limitations because it sometimes cannot be
prevented such as flooding, storm, etc.
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Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014
5. Limitation of Building Plan and Construction Detail:
Problems of building plan and construction detail were
found such as drawing not clear, drawing mistake, so they
also became big problems in construction.
6. Limitation of Material and Equipment: Some construction
works might use special machines or equipment which
contractor had to study carefully regarding performances,
suitability for work and prepare enough equipment for each
work.
7. Limitation of Time: Some construction works had to be
completed within a time limit such as in cases of urgent
works. They caned limitation of work planning and they also
caused other management problem. Therefore, contractor
had to carefully consider this issue.
8. Limitation of Construction Methodology: Construction
works in some areas could not be performed by regular
method because there were buildings around construction
site, so the contractor had to find new methods that were
suitable to construct and sometimes used specialist engineer
when some construction works were in step of construction.
9. Limitation of Rule or Regulation: This problem also
greatly affected construction such as problem from traffic
which had an effect on transportation, problem of labour
hiring, problem of building construction regulation, etc.
10. Training Policies: Looking into the general training
policy, the ISO 9001 registered companies have more
concern on the training of their employees than the non-
registered ones. They not only pay for the course fees, but
also allow them to receive training during working hours.
For non-registered companies, the company may reimburse
the course fees but employees have to attend training
sessions outside of working hours. Moreover, regular
training programmes on technical and computer knowledge
were commonly provided in many companies. The most
popular training programme organized by ISO 9001
registered companies was Quality Knowledge.
11. Lack of co-ordination among departments: Co-
ordination is very important for project successful. Because
co-ordination between the departments is failed that may
leads to wrong execution or may affect the sequence of
work. For example consider the MEP (Mechanical Electrical
Plumbing) department not properly co-ordinate with
execution team, now execution team done the plastering
work before plumbing works are not done due to lack of co-
ordination. Here definitely rework required so automatically
quality is misplaced.
40
 ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology

An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)

On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India

12. Other Limitations: Such as cooperation of each party that

is related to construction project.

2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 GENERAL
From the literature survey it had been learnt
concluded there are many issues about quality in
construction industry. Due to time constraint for the project,
the descriptive survey method is to be adopted, whereas
other methods may take long duration. Several methods for
collecting information from the industry were evaluated
from various literatures.
The following steps are carried out in the project. These are
 After title conformation relevant literatures
were collected. From the literature the
problem and issues were identified.
 Framing the questionnaires based on the
analysis from the various people of
construction industry, literature review.
 Group the companies based on the
methodology
 Conduct the questionnaire survey in pre-
defined companies
 Analysis the data using SPSS software
 Find out the factors that affects the quality of
construction
 Calculate the cost variance for quality defect
 Conclusion

2.2 METHODOLOGY

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 ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology

An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)

On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India

3. DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRE 9. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to

4. compaction of concrete?
A questionnaire was designed to study more Yes no sometimes
about the quality management practices in the construction 10. Is there any kind of quality issue arise due to improper
industry and ways to improve quality in construction works. curing of column?
The questionnaires were prepared with reference of Yes no sometimes
literature reviews and field persons like contractors,
engineers, project managers and consultant. Because field BEAM WORK
people are very well know about, what are all the factors 11. Is there any kind of problem arise due to insufficient
affecting the quality majorly. reinforcement?
Questionnaires are mainly focused on the execution Yes no sometimes
part particularly superstructure. Because the quality of 12. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
construction is majorly misplace in execution part. shuttering work?
Questionnaire mainly divided into five main categories. Yes no sometimes
These are column work, beam work, slab work, brick or 13. Does the poor cover block placement is affect the quality
block work and plastering work. of beam?
Lot of factors affecting the construction quality but in Yes no sometimes
this project I only focuses on major factors like concreting 14. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
work (concrete quality, pouring of concrete, compaction, manpower in site?
curing, etc.), man power, material quality, equipment Yes no sometimes
quality, detailing, etc. 15. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
equipment used in site?
Yes no sometimes
COLUMN WORK 16. Does the poor quality of concrete is affect the quality of
1. Does the column marking is affect the quality? beam?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
2. Is there any kind of problem arise due to insufficient 17. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
reinforcement? compaction of concrete?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
3. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to poor 18. Is there any kind of quality issue arise due to curing of
design? beam?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
4. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to improper
shuttering work? SLAB WORK
Yes no sometimes 19. Does the reinforcement is not providing as per reference
5. Does the improper cover block placement affect the drawing?
quality of column? Yes no sometimes
Yes no sometimes 20. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
6. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to shuttering work?
manpower in site? Yes no sometimes
Yes no sometimes 21. Does poor cover block placement affect the quality?
7. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to Yes no sometimes
equipment used in site? 22. Is there any kind of problem arise related to electrical
Yes no sometimes lining?
8. Does the poor quality of concrete is affect the quality of Yes no sometimes
column? 23. Is there any kind of quality problem arise due to
Yes no sometimes manpower in site?

Copyright to IJIRSET www.ijirset.com 42

 ISSN (Online) : 2319 - 8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, E ngineering and Technology

An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 3, Special Issue 1, February 2014

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Science-(ICETS’14)

On 10th & 11th February Organized by
Department of CIVIL, CSE, ECE, EEE, MECHNICAL Engg. and S&H of Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India

Yes no sometimes 39. Is there any kind of quality problem due to manpower in
24. Is there any kind of quality problem due to equipment site?
used in site? Yes no sometimes
Yes no sometimes 40. Is there any kind of quality issue due to curing of
25. Does the quality of concrete is affect the quality of slab? surface?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
26. Is there any kind of quality problem due to compaction
of concrete? CEILING PLASTERING
Yes no sometimes 41. Is there any kind of problem arise due to not hacking the
27. Is there any kind of quality issue due to curing of slab? surface before plastering?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
42. Is there any kind of fault due to improper button marking
BLOCK WORK fixing?
28. Does any kind of quality problem due to improper Yes no sometimes
drawing study? 43. Does thickness of plastering affect the quality?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
29. Does the right angle marking is affect the quality of 44. Does the mortar proportion affect the quality?
block work? Yes no sometimes
Yes no sometimes 45. Is there any kind of quality problem due to manpower in
30. Does the starter course lying is affect the quality of block site?
work? Yes no sometimes
Yes no sometimes 46. Is there any kind of quality issue due to curing of
31. Does the proportion of mortar mix is affect the quality? surface?
Yes no sometimes Yes no sometimes
32. Is there any kind of problem due to poor quality of brick
or block? 4. CONCLUSION
Yes no sometimes The result of this thesis will expose the main
33. Is there any kind of problem arise due to not wetting the factors which affect the construction quality and also
brick or block before lying? increase in cost of construction due to quality defect. This
Yes no sometimes study will create the quality management awareness to all
34. Is there any kind of quality problem due to manpower in level construction companies especially small scale
site? companies. From this thesis we get the major factors and
Yes no sometimes issues which affects the construction quality and that create
35. Is there any kind of problem due to not pointing of a chance for find out the remedial measure. This thesis is
joints? useful for minimize the material wastage, workmanship
Yes no sometimes wastage, time wastage and indirect cost. Then increase the
36. Is there any kind of quality issue due to curing of wall? customer satisfaction and company reputation.
Yes no sometimes

PLASTERINGWORK
WALL PLASTERING
37. Is there any kind of fault due to improper button marking
fixing?
Yes no sometimes
38. Does mortar proportion affect the quality?
Yes no sometimes

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