MAR 204: ENERGY SIMULATION

GREEN ROOFS & GREEN WALLS

MOHAMMAD ANAS
MOHAMMAD FAHAD ASLAM
MOHAMMAD WASEEM REZA
SUHEB ASGHAR
M.ARCH. (BUILDING SERVICES)
GREEN ROOFS

2
GREEN ROOFS

• A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or

completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted
over a waterproofing membrane.
• It includes additional drainage and irrigation systems.

3
GREEN ROOFS

4
USES OF GREEN ROOFS

• Reduce heating
• Reduce storm water run off
• Natural Habitat Creation
• Filter pollutants and carbon
dioxide out of the air.
• Aesthetic improvement
• Help to insulate a building for sound.
• Increased agricultural space.
5
HISTORY OF GREEN ROOFS

• Green Roofs have a centuries-long

history
• Developed in Germany in the 1960s,
and has since spread to many
countries
• Early Mesopotamians, Greeks,
Romans, and Persians used them to
green and cool brutally hot
landscapes
• The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
were the most famous green roofs
6
COMPONENTS OF GREEN ROOFS

The components generally include the

following layers:

• Waterproofing/root barrier layer

• Drainage/water storage layer
• Filter layer
• Planting medium
• Vegetation

7
WATERPROOFING

• Waterproofing layer Bitumen

• TPO
• EPDM
• FRP
• Crystalline Active (concrete decks)
• Ideally electronically or flood tested
• Will also act as a root barrier (An
additional root barrier layer may also be
required)
8
DRAINAGE

• Principally managed by a drainage

membrane or free- draining aggregate
• Drainage points
• Conduits as appropriate for typical
water flow
• SUDS system

9
FILTER FLEECE

• Used to retain substrate and prevents it

from clogging drainage layer
• Filters rainwater and removes fines
• Allows adequate water percolation

10
SOIL AND SUBSTRATES

• Free draining and lightweight growing

substrate. Example, A mix of sandy loam,
peat-free compost and hygroscopic flakes
• Biodiverse roofs: broken concrete, brick,
masonry, aggregates etc. from local area

11
VEGETATION

• Intensive roof garden generally uses

plants and vegetation associated with
landscaping work
• Extensive garden on the other hand
uses very selective types of plants
which are dry-resistant or succulent
types

12
TYPES OF GREEN ROOFS

Classification of Green Roofs can be done on the following basis:

13
 Extensive Semi intensive Intensive

Maintenance Low Periodically High

Plant Communities Ground covers, Ground covers, grasses and Lawn or shrub and trees
grasses shrubs
Plant types Grasses and loans, Climbers, cactus and Palm trees, ornamental trees,
ground covers, succulents, shrubs aqueous plants
seasonal flowers
Plant Diversity low plant diversity More plant diversity high plant diversity

System Built Up 150- 250 mm 250- 500 mm 250- 500 mm, provide planters
Height Thin growing medium for trees and palm 1000mmm
Deep soil
Weight approximate 50-150 kg/m2 <150 kg/m² >150 kg/m²

Cost Low Medium High

Use Ecological protection Designed green roof Park like garden, designed more
layer for aesthetics than performance
Accessibility Not Semi accessible accessible

Irrigation little or no irrigation little irrigation irrigation system; more favorable

Requirements conditions for plants 14
 Extensive Semi intensive Intensive

• Lightweight; roof generally does not require • Greater diversity of plants  Greater diversity of plants
reinforcement and habitats. and habitats.
• Suitable for large areas. • Good insulation properties  Good insulation properties.
• Suitable for roofs with 0 - 30° (slope). • More energy efficiency and  Can simulate a wildlife
• Low maintenance and long life. storm water retention garden on the ground.
• Often no need for irrigation and specialized capability  Can be made very
drainage systems. • Longer membrane life attractive visually.
• Less technical expertise needed.  Often accessible, with
Benefits

• Often suitable for retrofit projects. • Longer membrane life more diverse utilization of
• Can leave vegetation to grow spontaneously. the roof. I.e. for recreation,
• Relatively inexpensive. growing food, as open
• Looks more natural. space.
 More energy efficiency and
• Easier for planning authority to demand as a storm water retention
condition of planning approvals. capability.
 Longer membrane life

• Less energy efficiency and storm water • Greater weight loading on • Greater weight loading on
retention benefits. roof than extensive roof.
• More limited choice of plants. • Higher maintenance costs • Need for irrigation and
Downsides

• Usually no access for recreation or other drainage systems requiring

uses. energy, water, materials.
• Higher capital & maintenance
• Unattractive to some, especially in winter costs.
• More complex systems and
expertise 15
COMPONENTS OF GREEN ROOFS

16
BENEFITS OF GREEN ROOFS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
Climate benefits
Warm Climates -Shading the rooftop layer
-reduction of the direct influence of solar radiations
-reduction of indoor temperature fluctuations
-reduction of indoor air temperature peaks
-reduction of energy used for cooling purpose

Warm And Humid Climate -Indoor daily temperature swings depend on the soil depths

Warm And Dry Climate -Reduction of the outdoor air temperature

-cooling the indoor ambient temperature

Cold Climates -Reduction of daily temperature swing, reduction of the heat flow

-doubtful energy performance in winter

-spring and falls, evaporative cooling in the shoulder seasons may
lead to increased building heating loads

17
GREEN WALLS

18
WHY GREEN WALLS?

Aesthetics Indoor Air Quality

LEED® Credits
Create living
Purify your air. Gain points.
works of art.

Health & Wellness

Building Energy Savings
Protection Reduce stress and
Cut electricity bills enhance
Shield from sun, by up to 20%. wellbeing.
rain and thermal
fluctuations.
Acoustics
Property Value Sustainability
Dampen noise
Marketable Make your
pollution.
green feature. world greener.

19
WHY GREEN WALLS?

Space Saving
We live in one of the most densely populated
countries in the world. City residents have
little access to private green space so we
must make the most of very square inch we
can. One way to do this is to reconsider the
vertical spaces in the urban environment.
Form walls and fences to fire escapes and
stair railings.

20
TYPES OF VERTICAL GARDENS

• Living Walls
• Green Veneers
• Indoor
• Outdoor

21
LIVING WALLS

• Living walls (AKA green walls) are

self sufficient vertical gardens
found on exterior or interior walls
or other vertical elements. The
plants are rooted in a structural
support which is fastened to the
wall itself. The plants receive
water and nutrients from within
the vertical support instead of
from the ground.

22
GREEN VENEER

• A support structure that allows

vines to row up or onto a vertical
element to screen it. Roots and
soil are not housed in the wall but
rather on the ground or in
separate planters.

23
GREEN VENEER SYSTEMS

• Trellising
• Green Screen
• Jacob Wire
• Masonry and Wood Walls

24
GREEN VENEER SYSTEMS – TRELLISING

• A simple garden trellis can be

used to create the verdant effects
of a green veneer. The larger the
trellis the more area the vines will
have to sprawl out and provide
coverage. This is most effective
with twining, tendril and climbing
vines.

25
GREEN VENEER SYSTEMS – GREENSCREEN

• GreenScreen is a three dimensional,

welded wire trellising system. The
distinctive modular trellis panel is the
building block of the GreenScreen
system.

26
GREEN VENEER SYSTEMS – JAKOB WIRE

• Stainless steel
wire ropes from
2 mm to 28 mm.
Webnet and
Wire Rope
products are
often used to
create both
indoor and
outdoor green
veneers.
27
GREEN VENEER SYSTEMS – MASONRY & WOOD
WALLS
• Natural walls can be a
perfect place for
suckering vines to
unfurl their leafy
coverings. Care should
be taken to maintain
the walls on a regular
basis so that the vines
don’t overtake the
structure.

28
LIVING WALL/GREEN VENEER HYBRID

• This product demonstrates how

the two vertical garden typologies
can be effectively blended.

29
INDOOR VERTICAL GARDENS – WOOLY POCKET

• The box is used as a

horizontal template to
help mark holes. Each
planter holds 0.50 cu.
Ft. of soil volume with a
maximum weight of
50lbs. Planter hooks to
back of Water Tank for
easy plant exchange.

30
OUTDOOR VERTICAL GARDENS – FLORAFELT

• Custom Vertical
Gardens with 2-layer
Cut and Staple method.
• Grow Felt is used to
make custom sized
pockets and free-form
shapes.
• Use 7-inch Grow Strip
with custom 6 x 6 inch
wire grids to create
extremely robust
vertical gardens.
31
PLANTS FOR GREEN WALLS

• Tropical Understory Plants for Interior Living Walls

• Air Filtering Plants
• Alpine Plants for Exterior Living Walls
• Vines for Green Veneers
• Annuals vs Perennials
• Native, Naturalized & Invasive Plants
• Espaliered Trees

32
TROPICAL UNDERSTORY PLANTS FOR INTERIOR LIVING
WALLS
• The Understory layer, or strata, of
tropical rainforest vegetation lies
between the Canopy layer, where
there is plenty of sunlight, and the
Forest Floor layer, where there is
almost none.
• This layer of the rainforest produces
many popular house plants. Zebra
plants, Ferns, Philodendrons and
Prayer plants are among some of
house plants from this layer that do
well in dimly lit conditions. 33
PLANT SELECTION FOR IMPROVED AIR QUALITY &
INTERIOR LVING WALLS
• A NASA study has
demonstrated that
some plants have
the ability to
improve indoor air
quality by removing
volatile organic
compounds (VOCs).
This is known as
phytoremediation
of the air.
34
ALPINE PLANTS FOR EXTERIOR LIVING WALLS

• Alpine plants are plants that

grow in the alpine climate,
above the tree line. These
include perennial grasses,
sedges, forbs, cushion plants,
mosses, and lichens
• Alpine plants can adapt to the
harsh conditions of the alpine Delosperma Yellow Ice, Iberis
environment, which include Snowflake
Phlox Candy Stripes, Sedum
low temperatures, dryness, Dragon's Blood
ultraviolet radiation, and a Mazus Reptans, Veronica Christy

short growing season 35

VINES FOR GREEN VEENERS

CLINGING VINES RUNNING VINES

• Some plants • Some plants use
such as English hooks to grab
ivy (Hedera toeholds on a
helix) climb by
aerial rootlets. support and climb
These can skyward. Others like
grow without tomato have no way
any support on of holding on. You’ll
masonry, want to weave them
wood and through a trellis
other natural occasionally or tie
surfaces. them to a support. 36
THANK YOU

37