74

U BO MIN
UNIT 12 TRAVEL IN SOUTHEAST ASIA I
[travel, travelled, travelling (v)~ c&D;xGuf/oGm;onf] [travel (n)~ c&D;/c&D;oGm;_cif;] [traveller (n)~ c&D;oGm;|c&D;onf?]
[travel agency (n)~ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;Xme] [travel agent (n)~ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;udk<fpm;vS<f]
[travel (n) = tour/journey] [travel (v) = take a trip] [travelling (adj) + N ~ c&D;oGm;aom/vSnfhvnf(_yo|azsmfa_z)aom?]
be exciting (adj)+ N ~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;&aom|aysmfp&maumif;aom
1-Travelling in Southeast Asia can be very exciting since each country has something unique to offer. (Why?)
[Travelling in Southeast Asia can be very exciting. Each country in Southeast Asia has something unique to offer.]
*We will be/feel very excited to travel in Southeast Asia. (How will we feel ---?)
[be/feel excited to do sth~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aom /pdwftm;xufoefwufjuGaom]
*Each/Every country in Southeast Asia has something unique to offer to the visitors.
[unique (adj)~ _ydKifbufuif;|twkr@Sd|xl;_cm;|wpfrlxl;aom] [something unique ( ---thing + Adj)]
*All countries in Southeast Asia have something unique to offer to the visitors.
2-The following are descriptions of the tourist attractions of five of these countries. [visitor = tourist]
[describe (v), description (n) = picture ~ o@kyfazmfcsuf|azmf_ycsuf|a&;om;azmf_ycsuf? descriptive (adj)~ o@kyfazmfaom]
[tourist (n)~ taysmfc&D;onf|urBmvSnfhc&D;onf] [tourism (n)~ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;] [attract (v), attractive (adj), attraction (n)]
*All countries in Southeast Asia have their descriptions that can attract / to attract the tourists.

Brunei Darussalam
uGsef;pG<fESpfoG<f Borneo uGsef;>taemufa_rmufuef;@kd;wef;rSm
1-Brunei is a country which comprises two enclaves on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo.
[comprise (v) = include/ contain/ cover(us<f)/ involve/ consist of] [lie/ situate/ locate (wnf@Sd)]
[Brunei comprises two enclaves. Brunei is (situated/located) on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo.]
(What kind of country is Brunei?) (Where is Brunei situated?)
*Brunei Darussalam is situated on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo and it consists of two enclaves.
(Where is Brunei Darussalam situated and what does it consist of?)
comprise
places of interest
2-Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei Darussalam, has many sights to offer.
[see (v), sight(n) t_riftm@kH, sights = view/scene ~ _rifuGif;|@Skcif;] [sightless (adj)~ rsufpdr_rifaom|t_riftm@HkrJhaom]
[sightseeing (n)= seeing the sights/going to places of interest/visiting the attractions ~ @Skcif;rsm;udkvSnfhywfjunfh@Sk_cif;]
[offer sth to sb ~ The capital offers many sights to tourists. / offer (v) ay;onf|urf;vSrf;onf|qufuyfvSL'gef;onf?]
[The capital of Brunei Darussalam is Bandar Seri Begawan. It has many sights to offer.]
*The capital of Brunei Darussalam is Bandar Seri Begawan. (What is the capital?)
ig;_ywdkuf as an example om"utm;_zifh
3-The Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium, for instance, features a colourful display of tropical fish.
[feature (v) ~ pdwf0ifpm;zG<f@Sd, colourful ~ a&mifpHkawmufyaom|pdwf0ifpm;zG<faumif;aom, display (n) ~ _yo_cif;]
[The Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium features (has) a colorful display of tropical fish.) tylydkif;ig;trsdK;rsdK;@Sd]
*The Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium is one of the sights that the capital can offer to visitors.
*Visitors can see a colorful display of tropical fish at the Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium. (Where?)
tEkynm vufrSKynm avhusifha&; ausmif; @dk;&m vufrSKypPnf;rsm; aiGxnf
4-At the Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Centre, you can buy traditional Brunei handicrafts such as silverware, brocade
and ceremonial daggers. [brocade ~ <Gef;xnf/ ceremonial ~ taqmifta<mif/ dagger ~ "m;a_rmif ]
[You can buy traditional Brunei handicraft at the Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Centre. Traditional Brunei
handicrafts are silverware, brocade and ceremonial daggers.
*We can buy traditional Brunei handicrafts such as silverware, brocade and ceremonial daggers at the Brunei Arts and
Handicraft Training Centre. (Where?)
*The examples of Brunei handicrafts are silverware, brocade and ceremonial daggers. (What are the examples?)
*The deggers sold at the Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Centre are for ceremonial occasions. tcrf;tem;|yGJ
aju;ndK aju;0g_zifh_yKvkyfwJhypPnf;
5-Finer examples of bronze and brassware, along with fascinating displays of Chinese ceramics and jade, can be seen at the
Brunei Museum. _ywdkuf ESifhtwl ajuGxnfa_rxnf ausmufpdrf;

[fine ~ vuf&ma_rmufaom/ fine art ~ okckrtEkynm/ along with sb/sth / fascinate ~ pGJrufap|qGJaqmifonf / fascinating (adj)~ pGJrufp&m|
pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom] [sth is fascinating / sb is fascinated with sth]
[Finer examples of bronze and brassware can be seen at the Brunei Museum. Chinese ceramics and jade are along with
bronze and brassware. Chinese ceramics and jade are fascinating. Chinese ceramics and jade are displayed to be fascinated.]
*Bronze and brassware can be seen at the Brunei Museum. (Where?)
 75
*Chinese ceramics and jade are displayed along with bronze and brassware. (What are displayed along with ---?)
*Visitors will be fascinated by displays of Chinese ceramics and jade at the Brunei Museum.
6-In the Centre of Bandar Seri Begawan, and overlooking an impressive view of the water village, Kampong Ayer, is the
Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque, which is ranked as one of the most attractive mosques in Asia.
[overlook (v)~ tay:rS_rifawGhEdkifonf] [impressive (adj)~ txifjuD;avmufaom/zG<faumif;aom -an impressive ceremony/
building/ speech/ performance] [mosque ~ AvD] [rank (v)~ tqifhtwef;owfrSwf/@Sdonf] [one of the Nplural Vplural]
[Kampong Ayer is the water village. It is in the Centre of Bandar Seri Begawan. The Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque is in the
Centre of Bandar Seri Begawan. The Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque overlooks the impressive view of the water village,
Kampong Ayer. The Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque is ranked as one of the most attractive mosques in Asia.]
*Kampong Ayer is a water village. (What kind of village?)
*Kampong Ayer is the water village and it is situated in the centre of Bandar Seri Begawan.
(What is Kampong Ayer and where is it situated?)
*We can see an impressive view of the water village from the Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque.
(What can we see from ---?)
*The Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque is in the Centre of Bandar Seri Begawan. (Where?)
*A very attractive mosque in Asia is located in the centre of the capital.
*People regard the Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque as one of the most attractive mosques in Asia. (How?)
rank
7-Temburong Zoo in the eastern part of the country has a good variety of tropical wildlife.
[a good variety of ~ trsdK;rsdK;/ trsm;t_ym;] [tropical wildlife ~ tylydkif;a'o awm@dkif;wd&pÇmef -wildlife = wild animals]
[Temburong Zoo is in the eastern part of Brunei Darussalam. It has a good variety of tropical wildlife.]
*The Temburong Zoo has a good variety of tropical wildlife. (What does the Temburong Zoo have?)
*Temburong Zoo is in the eastern part of Brunei Darussalam. (Where?)
*** How many tourist attractions are mentioned in the passage? (5/ five)
*** What are the tourist attractions? - the Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium, the Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training
Centre, the Brunei Museum, the Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque and Temburong Zoo

Cambodia uGsef;qG<f

1-The kingdom of Cambodia occupies part of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
[kingdom ~ a state ruled over by a king – bk&iftkyfcsKyfaomEdkifiH] [occupy = lie/ situate/ locate]
2-There is plenty to see in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, starting with a tour of the Silver Pagoda, the National
Museum, Independence Monument, Wat Phnom and the market areas where hand-woven silks, silver, gems and antiques
will compete for your attention.
[plenty (n)~ trsm;t_ym;] [tour (n)~ vSnfhvnfjunfh@SK_cif;/tvnftywfc&D;] [museum ~ _ywdkuf] [independence ~ vGwfvyfa&;]
[monument ~ txdrf;trSwftaqmufttHk|armfuGef;wdkif|@kyfwk ponf] [Wat Phnom ~ awmifukef;xufubk&m;/apwD]
[hand-woven (adj)~ vuf_zifh&ufvkyfaom] [silks (n)~ ydk;xnf] [ gem (n)~ ausmufrsuf&wem] [ antique (n)~ a@S;a[mif;ypPnf;]
[compete (v)~ _ydKifqdkifonf] [attention (n)~ tm@Hk/ tm@Hkpdkuf_cif;|owdrl_cif;]
[come to/stand at attention – owdtaetxm;] [Attention, please! – aus;Zl;_yKIem;qifyg ]
[The capital of Cambodia is Phnom Penh. There are many sights to see in Phnom Penh.The tourist attractions are
the Silver Pagoda, the National Museum, Independence Monument, Wat Phnom and the market areas.
Hand-woven silks, silver, gems and antiques can be found/bought at the market areas.]
***What are the five tourist attractions mentioned in the passage?
3-Located within the Royal Palace compound, the Silver Pagoda is so named because of its floor, which is made up of 5,000
silver tiles.
[compound ~ _cH0if;|_cH0dkif;|y&0k^f] [floor ~ &if_yifawmf] [is made up ~ cif;xm;] [tiles ~ tkwfjuGyf_ym;|ajuG_ym;|tcsyf|t_ym;]
[The Silver Pagoda is located within the Royal Palace compound. The Silver Pagoda is so named because of its floor,
which is made up of 5,000 silver tiles. The floor of the silver pagoda is made up of 5,000 silver tiles.]
*The Silver Pagoda is (located) within the Royal Palace compound. (Where is the Silver Pagoda?)
*The pagoda in the Royal Palace is named the Silver Pagoda because its floor is made up of 5,000 silver tiles.
*The pagoda whose floor is made up of 5,000 silver tiles is named the Silver Pagoda.
*5,000 silver tiles are used to make its floor. (What are used to make its floor?)
*The Silver Pagoda got its name because of its floor, which is made up of 5,000 silver tiles. (Why?)
*The pagoda in the Royal Palace is named the Silver Pagoda because of its floor, which is made up of 5,000 silver tiles.
(Why is the pagoda in the Royal Palace named the Silver Pagoda?)
(Why is the silver pagoda so called?)

4-The walls surrounding the compound are covered with frescos depicting episodes from the Khmer version of the Ramayana,
the Reamker.
 76
[fresco (= wall painting) ~ eH&Haq;a&;yef;csD] [depict ~ o@kyfazmfonf] [episode ~ ZmwfuGuf|Zmwfcef;]
[be covered with ~ _ynfhESufaeonf?] [depict (v) = show/ represent/ illustrate/ describe/ give a picture of]
[The walls surrounding the palace compound are covered with frescos. The frescos depict episodes from the Khmer
version of the Ramayana, the Reamker. The Khmer version of the Ramayana is the Reamker.]
*Frescos depicting episodes from the Khmer version of the Ramayana, the Reamker, are painted on the wall
surrounding the palace compound. (What is painted on the wall surrounding the palace compound?)
*Frescos depicting episodes from the Khmer version of the Ramayana, the Reamker, were on the walls surrounding
the palace compound. (What was on the walls surrounding the palace compound?)
*[what/which ponfhtar;emrfpm; (Interogative Pronouns) wdkhonf ckudef;(Singular) rsm;_zpfjuonf?
a_zqdkonfhtcg udef; udkufnDrSK@Sdap&ef owdxm;&onf? Ssingular Vsingular / Splural Vplural <> Subject Verb Aggrement]
*The frescos on the wall depicted episodes from the Khmer version of the Ramayana, the Reamker.
(What did the frescos on the wall depict?)
*Frescos can be seen on the walls surrounding the compound. (Where can frescos be seen?)
*These frescos depict episodes from the Khmer version of the Ramayana, the Reamker.
(What do these frescos depict?)
azmf_y Adokumynm&yf
5-The National Museum, located just north of the Royal Palace, represents the finest of Phnom Penh’s architecture.
[The National Museum is located just north of the Royal Palace.
The National Museum represents the finest of Phnom Penh’s architecture.]
*The National Museum is situated just north of the Royal Palace. (Where?)
*It represents the finest of Phnom Penh’s architecture. (What does it represent?)
*One can find the finest of Phnom Penh’s architecture at the National Museum.
(Where can one find the finest of Phnom Penh’s architecture?)
6-On display inside are more than 5,000 works of art, ranging from the 6th to the 13th Century.
[More than 5,000 works of art are displayed inside the National Museum.
More than 5,000 works of art range from the 6th to the 13th Century.]
[on display (= being displayed) ~ cif;usif;_yoxm;] [works of art ~ tEkynmvuf&m] [range from --- to --- ~ rS -- xd@Sdonf]
*More than 5,000 works of art, ranging from the 6th to the 13th Century are displayed inside the National Museum.
(What is displayed inside the National Museum?)
*Visitors can see more than 5,000 works of art, ranging from the 6th to the 13th Century at the National Museum.
(What can visitors do at the National Museum?)

7-Visitors can rest by the peaceful, palm-shaded central courtyard and lotus ponds and think about one of Asia’s richest
cultures. [think about sth]
[by ~ teD;|tem;|ab;|eHab; wGif/Y] [peaceful (adj)~ at;csrf;/_idrf;csrf;aom] [palm-shaded (adj)~ tkef;yif|xef;yif t&dyf@Sdaom]
[central (adj)~ tv<f|A[dk - central bank ~ A[dkb^f] [courtyard (n)~ 0if;|0dkif;] [lotus ponds ~ jumyifrsm;@Sdaom uef]
[culture (n)~ <]faus;rSK] [peace (n)~ _idrf;csrf;a&;] [palm (n)~ tkef;yif|xef;yif] [shade (n)~ t&dyf] [one of (the) Nplural]
[Visitors can rest by the peaceful, palm-shaded central courtyard and lotus ponds.
Visitors can think about one of Asia’s richest cultures.]

8-Angkor Wat, which is situated in northwest Cambodia, is the largest temple in the world.
[Angkor Wat is situated/located in northwest Cambodia. Angkor Wat is the largest temple in the world.]
*Angkor Wat is situated in northwest Cambodia. (Where?)
*Angkor Wat is the largest temple in the world. (What kind of temple?)

9- It is unlike all the other Khmer temples in that it faces west, and it is inspired by 12th Century Hinduism.
[unlike (prep)~ rwl|_cm;em;] [temple (n)~ bk&m;ausmif;|~lbk&m; ] [in that (because) ~ tajumif;rSm|tb<fhajumifhqdkaomf|ajumifh|vdkh]
[face (v)~ rsufESmrlxm;onf] [inspire (v)~ (tEkynm<]faus;rSKv¼rf;rdk;aom) pdwful;]m^f_zpfonf]
[Angkor Wat is unlike all the other Khmer temples. It faces west. It is inspired by 12th Century Hinduism.]
*Angkor Wat tample is different from all the other Khmer temples because/in that it faces west, and it is inspired by 12th
Century Hinduism. (Why is Angkor Wat tample different from all the other Khmer temples?)
*Angkor Wat is unusual in that it faces west, and it is inspired by 12th Century Hinduism.
(What is unusual about Angkor Wat?)
***(What is special about the Angkor Wat?)
*Angkor Wat is the largest temple in the world and it faces west and is inspired by 12th Century Hinduism. (or)
*What is special about the Angkor Wat is that it is the largest temple in the world and it faces west and it is inspired
by 12th Century Hinduism.
 77
Indonesia
1-Indonesia is a land of surprises, featuring the rich culture and arts of its people amidst the sandy beaches and cool mountains.
(What kind of country is Indonesia?)
[surprise (v/n) ~ tHhjoonf|tHhjozG<f] [sb be surprised at/by (sth/sb)~ tHhjoaom|tHhtm;oifhaom] [sth be surprising ~ tHhjozG<faumif;]
[Indonesia is a land of surprises. Indonesia features the rich culture and arts of its people.
The People in Indonesia live amidst (among) the sandy beaches and cool mountains.]
*Indonesia is referred to as a land of surprises because of rich culture and arts of its people amidst the sandy beaches and cool
mountains. because it features the
(Why is Indonesia referred to as a land of surprises?)
*Indonesia features the rich culture and arts of its people amidst the sandy beaches and cool mountains. (What?)
*The rich culture and arts of its people amidst the sandy beaches and cool mountains make Indonesia a land of surprises.
(Which features make Indonesia a land of surprises?)
*People of Indonesia possess the rich culture and arts. (What do people of Indonesia possess?)

2-The volcanoes in Indonesia are among the most active in the world.
[active (adj)~ @Sif(aom) an active volcano – rD;awmif@Sif] [active – Edk;jum;|xjuG|zswfvwf|oGufvuf|wufjuG / actively]
*The volcanoes in Indonesia are very active.
*Indonesia has the most active volcanoes.
*Volcanoes in Indonesia are the most active ones. [ones = volcanoes]
*Volcanoes in Indonesia are also the most active in the world.
*The volcanoes in Indonesia are not extinct. (Are the volcanoes in Indonesia extinct?)

3-It has a population of over 170 million with many different ethnic groups and some 250 spoken languages.
[population (n)~ vlOD;a&] [populate (v)~ aexdkifonf] [populated (adj)~ aexdkifaom / densely populated - vlaexlxyfaom]
[ethnic (adj)~ vlrsdK;pkwpfpkESifhoufqdkifaom] [spoken (adj) language (n)~ a_ymqdkaombmompum;] [speak, spoke, spoken, speaking]
[speak of/about sth~ wpfckckESifhywfouf_yD;a_ymqdk][speak with/to sb~ wpfa<mufa<mufESifhpum;p_rnfa_ymqdk][speak up~ us<fus<fa_ym]
[speak on/about sth~ rdefhjum;|a[m|a_ymonf] [speak out~ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;|&J&Jwif;wif;a_ym] [speak well of sb~ taumif;a_ym]
[speak ill of sb~ raumif;a_ym] [speaker (n)~ a[m|a_ymol] {Do you speak English?} {English is spoken all over the world.}
[It has a population of over 170 million. It has many different ethnic groups. There are many different ethnic groups in
Indonesia. There are some 250 spoken languages in Indonesia.]
*The population of Indonesia is over 170 million. (What is the population of Indonesia?)
*Numerous ethnic groups live in Indonesia. / *Many different ethnic groups live in Indonesia.
*These groups are different from each other.
*They speak their own languages. [own language = udk<fydkifbmompum;]
*As there are many different ethnic groups in Indinesia, spoken languages are also different.

4-Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia on the northwest coast of Java, is a place where industries like textiles, chemicals, plastics,
etc. are concentrated. (concentrated (adj) pkpnf;xm;aom)
[where = (in) Jakarta] [where (Relative Adverb)~ ae&mwpfckudktxl;_yK&efoHk;][industry (n)~ pufrSKvkyfief;] [industry - vHkhv0D&d<]
[industrious (adj)~ tvkyfjudK;pm;aom|0D&d<@Sdaom] [textile (n)~ txnftvdyf|csnfxnf] [chemical (adj)~ "mwkaA'ESifhoufqdkifaom]
[plastic (n)~ yvwfpwpf] [textiles = textile industries/ chemicals = chemical industries/ plastics = plastic industries]
[concentrate (v)~ pkpnf;xm;|tm@Hkpdkufxm;onf] [concentrate on sth/ doing sth~ wpfckckudktm@Hkpl;pdkufonf]
[The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. It is on the northwest coast of Java. Jakarta is a place where industries like textiles,
chemicals, plastics, etc. are concentrated. Industries like textiles, chemicals, plastics, etc. are concentrated in Jarkata.]
*The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta and it is a place where industries like textiles, chemicals, plastics, etc. are concentrated.
(What is the capital and what kind of place?)
*Jakarta is (located/situated) on the northwest coast of Java. (Where is Jarkata?) (Where is Jarkata located/situated?)
*Industries like textiles, chemicals, plastics, etc. are concentrated in it. (What industries are concentrated in it?)
*Industries are concentrated in Jarkata, the capital of Indonesia.
*Industries like textiles, chemicals, plastics, etc. are found in Jarkata. (What kinds of industries are found in Jarkata?)
*We can find most of the industries in Jarkata, the capital of Indonesia. (Where?)

5-Not to be missed is one of the world’s wonders-the biggest Buddhist temple in the world-at Candi Borobudur in Java, built
during the 9th Century. (Not to be missed (n)~rarh&rSm/oifhwm u|oGm;a&mufvnfywf&rSm/zdkhrarhoifhwm u|r_zpfraeoGm;a&mufoifhwmu)
[The biggest Buddhist temple in the world is not to be missed to visit. It is one of the world’s wonders.
It is/can be found at Candi Borobudur in Java. It was built during the 9th Century.]
***[Not to be missed (P.V) = Visitors must not miss (A.V) = One shouldn’t miss to visit (A.V)]
*Candi Borobudur, the biggest Buddhist temple in the world, is one of the world’s wonders in Indonesia. (What?)
*The Buddhist temple at Candi Borobudur is the biggest (Buddhist temple) in the world.
 78
*One shouldn’t miss to visit the biggest Buddhist temple in Java because it is one of the world’s wonders and was built during
the 9th Century. (Why shouldn’t one miss to visit the biggest Buddhist temple in Java?)
*When we visit Indonesia, we should not miss to visit one of the world’s wonders-the biggest Buddhist temple in the world-
at Candi Borobudur in Java. (What should you not miss when you visit Indonesia?)
*The biggest Buddhist temple in the world can be found at Candi Borobudur in Java, Indonesia.
*The biggest Buddhist temple in the world-at Candi Borobudur in Java is considered as one of the world’s wonders.
(What is considered as one of the world’s wonders?)
*The biggest Buddhist temple in the world was built during the 9th Century. (When?)

6-In east Java, one can find the most exciting mountain scenery. (one = a visitor)
[One can find the most exciting mountain scenery in east Java.
The most exciting mountain scenery can be found in east Java.]
*The mountain scenery in east Java is the most exciting.
*The mountain scenery to be found/ which can be found in east Java is exciting.
7-One can visit mountain resorts such as Tretes and Selecta; take a short ferry ride from the city of Surabaya to Madura for a
heart-stopping bull race, filled with excitement. (What can one/ visitors do in east Java?)
[resort (n)~ trsm;olig tyef;a_z&m] [ferry (n)~ ul;wdkh] [ride (n)~ <]fpD;eif;_cif;] [for = to see/ watch ~ junfh@SKzdkh]
[excite (v)~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;ap|wufjuGaponf] [excited (adj)~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;(ap)aom - sb be excited by/about/at sth]
[exciting (adj)~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;&aom|aysmfp&maumif;aom – sth be exciting/ an exciting N(sth)] [excitement (n)~ pdwfvSKyf@Sm;_cif;]
[One can visit mountain resorts such as Tretes and Selecta. Tretes and Selecta are mountain resorts. One can take a short
ferry ride from the city of Surabaya to Madura to see/watch a heart-stopping and exciting bull race.]
*Tretes and Selecta mountain resorts are in east Java.
*Tretes and Selecta are the mountain resorts in east Java.
*Tretes and Selecta are mountain resorts. (What are Tretes and Selecta?)
*A person/One can get to Madura by taking a short ferry ride from the city of Surabaya.
(How can a person get to Madura?) (How can one get to Madura?)
*Madura can be reached by taking a short ferry ride from the city of Surabaya. (How can Madura be reached?)
*He/One will find a heart-stopping bull race there/in Madura. (What will he/one find there/in Madura?)
*Madura is famous for a heart-stopping bull race, filled with excitement. (What is Madura famous for?)
*In Madura, you can watch a heart-stopping and exciting bull race.

8-Yogyakarta is regarded as a special cultural centre of Java. (How?)

[sb regard sth as sth ~ sth is regarded as sth ~ --- t_zpf owfrSwf|rSwf<l|trSwftom;_yK] [regarding (prep)~ ESifhpyfvsOf;I|eJhywfoufvdkh]
[With kind/warm regards, Yours ------- ~ owdw&|arwWm_zifh (ay;pmtqHk;wGif)] [centre = place = city]
[People regard Yogyakarta as a special cultural centre of Java. Yogyakarta, a special cultural centre, is in Java.]
*Yogyakarta is regarded as a special cultural centre of Java because it offers festivals, royal ceremonies, batik and silver work.
(Why is Yogyakarta regarded as a special cultural centre of Java?)
*Yogyakarta is said to be a special cultural centre of Java because it offers festivals, royal ceremonies, batik and silver work.
(Why is Yogyakarta said to be a special cultural centre of Java?)
9-It offers festivals, royal ceremonies, batik and silver work, and the sultan’s palaces are proof of its heritage.
[festival (n)~ yGJawmf] [ceremony (n)~ tcrf;tem;] [batik (n)~ ygwdwf] [silver (n)~ aiGxnfypPnf;] [sultan (n)~ yoDbk&if]
[prove (v)~ oufao_y] [proof (n)~ oufaoouUm&|taxmuftxm;|oufaocH|oufao] [heritage (n)~ tarG|tarGtESpf]
[Yogyakarta offers festivals, royal ceremonies, batik and silver work. The sultan’s palaces are proof of its heritage.]

10-In western Sumatra, one can find Indonesia’s largest national park, in the region of Kerinci-Seblat with its rich variety of
animal species and plants. trsdK;om;yef;_cH a'o|e<fa_r|e<fy<fwGif;rSm
[park (n)~ trsm;_ynfoltwGuf O<sm]f|yef;_cH / (v)~ vrf;ab;(odkh)<m]f&yfem;&mae&mwGif &yfxm;|xdk;xm;onf] [parking (n)~ <m]fxdk;&efae&m]
[rich/a variety of sth ~ trsdK;pkH|tzHkzHk] [species (n)~ rsdKl;pdwfrsm;]
[One can find Indonesia’s largest national park in western Sumatra. It is in the region of Kerinci-Seblat.
It has a rich variety of animal species (animals) and plants.]
*One can find Indonesia’s largest national park in western Sumatra. (Where?)
*One will find a variety of animal species and plants there. (What will one find there?)
*One can find a variety of animal species (animals) and plants in Indonesia’s largest national park.

Laos
(ok0^Ublr)d
1-Laos is situated in the Souvan-naphoum peninsula. (Where?)
2-It comprises many ethnic groups, each minority group having its own tradition and beautiful culture.
[majority ~ vltrsm;pk] [minority ~ vlenf;pk]
 79
[A participle clause can sometimes have a subject. We can divide this kind of sentence into two separate sentences.
Use the conjunction ‘and’. Change the verb ‘-ing’ into its present (V1) or past (V2) form, as in ‘have or has or had’.]
[Laos comprises many ethnic groups and they have their own tradition and beautiful culture.
Laos comprises many ethnic groups and each minority group has its own tradition and beautiful culture.]
*There are many ethnic groups in Laos having their own tradition and culture.
*Many ethnic groups live in Laos and they have their own tradition and beautiful culture.
3-So Laos is a country rich in tradition and culture. [(be) rich in ~ juG<f0aom|csrf;omaom| xGef;um;aom(@dk;&m<Ofaus;rSK)]
[Laos is a country (which is) rich in tradition and culture. Laos is rich in tradition and culture.]
*Laos is/can be said to be rich in tradition and culture because it has many ethnic groups and each minority group has its
own tradition and beautiful culture. (Why is/can Laos be said to be rich in tradition and culture?)
4-Laos, which has a population of 5 million, covers about 236,800 square kilometres. [cover (v)~ us<f0ef;|us<f_yefhonf]
[Laos has a population of 5 million. It covers (widens) about 236,800 square kilometres.]
*The area of Laos is about 236,800 square kilometres. (What is the area of Laos?)
5-It has a wealth of natural resources which are still unexplored. [has a wealth of = be rich in ]
[explore (v)~ oGm;vmpl;prf;@SmazG|avhvmazmfxkwf?] [explored (adj)/ unexplored (adj)] [un = not ~ Negative forming prefix]
[It has a wealth of / is rich in natural resources. They are still unexplored.]
*Laos is rich in natural resources which are still unexplored / are not still explored.
*Laos has a wealth of natural resources which are still unexplored. (What kind of natural resources does Laos have?)

6-The forests are rich in medicinal herbs and there are many species of wild animals there.
[medicinal (adj) drugs/plants/herbs~ aq;zuf0ifaomtyif] [wild animals = wildlife] [there = in the forest (of Laos)]
[The forest in Laos are rich in medicinal herbs. There are many species of wild animals in the forest of Laos.]
*Medicinal herbs and many species of wild animals can be found in the forest of Laos. (What can be found?)

7-In addition to pagodas and historical sites, the famous Wat Sisaket Temple with its big Buddha image, the old Hotai library
whose walls are covered with sapphires, and wall paintings are well worth seeing. @kyfyGm;awmf|qif;wkawmf
[in addition to = besides = apart from = except ~ xdkht_yif|'ght_yif|aemufxyf| -- uvGJ_yD;] [site (n)~ wnfae&m|wnf@Sd&m]
[be covered with sth ~ _ynfhESufaeonf] [sapphire (n)~ eDvm(ausmuf)] [wall paintings = pictures = work of art ~ eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDrsm;]
[ be worth Ving ~ wpfckckvkyf&wm xdkufwefw<f|wefzdk;@Sdw<f/ vkyftyfw<f|vkyfxkdufw<f – worth visiting/buying etc.]
[There are many pagodas and historical sites in Laos. The famous Wat Sisaket Temple has a big Buddha image.
The walls of the old Hotai library are covered with sapphires. Many pagodas and historical sites, the famous Wat Sisaket
Temple, the old Hotai library and wall paintings are well worth seeing.]
*Wat Sisaket Temple is famous for its big Buddha image.
*The walls of the old Hotai library are covered with sapphires.
*The old Hotai library is well worth seeing because its walls are covered with sapphires, and wall paintings. (Why?)
*In addition to pagodas and historical sites, you can visit the famous Wat Sisaket Temple and the old Hotai library.
(Where can you visit in addition to pagodas and historical sites?)
*Pagodas and historical sites, the famous Wat Sisaket Temple with its big Buddha image, the old Hotai library whose walls
are covered with sapphires, and wall paintings are well worth seeing in Laos. (Which places?)
a_ymjuw<f _rifawGh| cHpm; t"du|tcsuftcsm|tESpfom&
8-It is said that if one does not visit this temple, one will not have seen the heart of Vientiane.
[It is said that ----- a&;om;enf;yHkpHonf Passive _zpfonf? Sub urnfolrnf0gtwdtusr[kwfonfhtcg a&;Edkifonf?
Sub twdtus _zpfvSsif It is said by ---- that ---Sentence---- yHkpHa&;onf? It is said to be ---N---- yHkpHvnf; a&;Edkifonf?]
[Future Perfect ~ will have V3 (Positive), will not have V3 (negative), will have been V3 (Passive)]
[If one does not visit the famous Wat Sisaket Temple, he/she will not have seen the heart of Vientiane.]
*Visitors should visit the Wat Sisaket Temple, the heart of Vientiane.
*The heart of Vientiane is the Wat Sisaket Temple. (What?)
*Tourists should visit Wat Sisaket Temple so that they will have seen the heart of Vientiane. (Why?)
*It is said that if one does not visit this temple, one will not have seen the heart of Vientiane.
(What is said about the Wat Sisaket Temple?) (It is said that -------------------.)
*The famous Wat Sisaket Temple is said to be the heart of Vientiane.
vuf&mta_rmufqHk; tqifh_rifhvuf&mrsm;
9-Some of the Buddha images and artifacts show the finest designs which indicate the high skills of the artists of the 19th
Century. [which = the finest designs (of some of the Buddha images and artifacts)]
[some Nplural / some of the Nplural] [artifacts (n)~ a@S;a[mif;ypPnf;rsm;] [fine, finer, finest] [show (v)~ nSGef_y|_yo|azmf_y|oufao_y]
[for show ~ @kyf_youfouf|[ef_y] [show off ~ juGm;onf] [indicate (v)~ nSGef_y|_yo|tcsuf_y|trSwftom;_y]
[Some of the Buddha images and artifacts show the finest designs. The finest designs of some of the Buddha images and
artifacts indicate (show) the high skills of the artists of the19th Century.]
 80
*The finest designs of some of the Buddha images and artifacts indicate the high skills of the artists of the19th Century in
Laos. (What indicates?)
*You/We can see the high skills of the artists of the19th Century at some of the Buddha images. (What can you see?)

Malaysia
1-Malaysia is separated into two sections by the South China Sea; Peninsula Malaysia links with Thailand on the mainland
of Asia, while East Malaysia comprises the states of Sabah and Sarawak.
[separate (v) = divide ~ ydkif;_cm;|uefh] [separate sth/sb from / separate sth/sb into / be separated into sth by sth/sb]
[link (v)~ csdwf|quf|qufpyf] [link to/with sth ~ --- ESifhqufpyf] [mainland (n)~ yifre<fa_r|_ynfrjuD;] [comprise (v)~ yg0if]
[state (n)~ EdkifiH|_ynfe<f / the State ~ EdkifiHawmftpdk;& ]
[Malaysia is separated into two sections by the South China Sea. The two sections of Malaysia are Peninsula Malaysia and
East Malaysia. Peninsula Malaysia links with Thailand on the mainland of Asia. East Malaysia comprises the states of
Sabah and Sarawak.]
*The South China Sea divides/separates Malaysia into two sections. [divide/separate into]
*The two sections of Malaysia separated by the South China Sea are Peninsula Malaysia and East Malaysia. (What?)
*Thailand is linked with Pennisula Malaysia. [link with]
*Peninsula Malaysia links with Thailand on the mainland of Asia. (Where?)
*The states of Sabah and Sarawak are included in East Malaysia. (What states are included in East Malaysia?)
*Sabah and Sarawak are the states in East Malaysia.
*The two states in East Malaysia are Sabah and Sarawak.
*There are two states in East Malaysia and they are Sabah and Sarawak.
(How many states are there in East Malaysia and name them?)
[ Name -------. >> They are ------------. / The names of ----- are ----------. / It is ---------. / The name of ----- is -------.]
2-Visitors must not miss Kuala Lumpur or KL, the capital, with its many sights to keep the tourist occupied, as well as its
excellent shopping facilities.
[miss (v)~ vGJ|vGwf|acsmf|rrd|rrD]
[miss the target/ mark/ goal, miss a meeting/ a class/ an appointment/ the train, miss the chance/opportunity of doing sth]
[occupy sb/oneself (in doing sth/with sth) ~ wpfckckvkyf&if;tcsdef_zKef;onf?] The child occupies himself in playing video games.
[Visitors must not miss (should go to) Kuala Lumpur or KL. The capital of Malasya is Kuala Lumpur or KL.
It has many sights to keep the tourist occupied. It has many excellent shopping facilities.]
*Visitors should go to Kuala Lumpur because of its many sights to keep the tourist occupied, as well as its excellent
shopping facilities. (or) -- because it has many sights to keep the tourist occupied and excellent shopping facilities.
(Why should visitors go to Kuala Lumpur?)
(Why is Kuala Lumpur worth visiting? >> Kuala Lumpur is worth visiting because of / because -------------------.)
*Visitors must not miss Kuala Lumpur as it has many sights and excellent shopping facilities to keep the tourist
occupied. (Why must visitors not miss Kuala Lumpur?)
*The capital of Malasya is Kuala Lumpur or KL. (What is the capital?)
*There are many sights which can keep the touurists occupied in Kuala Lumpur.
*There are many sights in KL to occupy tourists.

3-Second to KL in size are the historic trading cities of Melaka and Penang, with buildings dating back hundreds of years and
wonderful unspoilt districts where visitors can breathe in the romance of the past.
[second to sb/sth ~ 'kwd<] [second cousion ~ ESpf0rf;uGJ] [second-hand ~ wpfywf&pf| vufus| wpfywfEGrf;?]
[second language ~ rdrdbmompum;t_yif tydkwwfa_rmufaom bmompum;] [second name ~ rsdK;@kd;trnf| t_cm;trnf?]
[historic (adj)~ ordkif;0if| ordkif;wGifaom? historical (adj)~ ordkif;ta_ccHaom? History (n)~ ordkif;|&mZ0if|twdwf|rSwfwrf;]
[trade (n) with sb/sth~ ukefoG<frSK| a&mif;0<fazmufum;_cif;| ta&mif;t0<f? trade in sth~ (a&mif;0<frSK|pD;yGm;) vkyfief;? trade mark/
name~ ukeftrSwfwHqdyf? trade on sth~ t_rwfxkwfonf? trading~ ta&mif;t0<fvkyfief;| ukefoG<fvkyfief;?] [buy and sell, do business]
[date back / from~ a@S;uwnf;u@SdcJhonf? ] [hundreds of years = centuries ~ &mpkESpfrsm;pGm] [wonderful = beautiful ~ o<mvSyaom|
ESpfoufaysmf&¼ifzG<f 0rf;a_rmufzG<faumif;aom? tHhjozG<faumif;aom? wonder (n)~ tHhjozG<f&m] [spoil, spoilt/spoiled (v)~ zsufonf?
ysufpD;aponf? unspoilt (adj)~ rysufpD;aom] [district (n)~ t&yf| a'o| c@dkif? region, area, locality]
[The second largest cities to KL are the historic trading cities of Melaka and Penang. Melaka and Penang are the historic
trading cities. Buildings dating back hundreds of years are in Melaka and Penang. There are many old buildings which
date back hundreds of years in Melaka and Penang. Visitors can breathe in the romance of the past at wonderful unspoilt
districts (Melaka and Penang).]
*The two cities which are next to Kuala Lumpur in size are Melaka and Penang. (What are the two cities?)
*Melaka and Penang are the second biggest cities to Kuala Lumpur.
*Melaka and Penang the second largest cities in size in Malaysia and they are historic trading cities.
(What are the second largest cities in size in Malaysia and what are they?)
 81
*Melaka and Penang are the historic trading cities. (What kind of cities are Melaka and Penang?)
*Buildings in Melaka and Penang are hundreds of years old.
*Buildings dating back hundreds of years can be found in Melaka and Penang. (What kind of buildings?)
*Wonderful unspoilt districts are found in Melaka and Penang.
*Visitors can breathe in the romance of the past in Melaka and Penang, wonderful unspoilt districts. (Where?)

4-Malaysia is famous for its pleasant beach resorts, Langkawi, Pangkor, Tioman Island, Damai Beach in Sarawak, and, again,
Penang. (What is Malaysia famous for?)
[fame(n)~~k^fowif;|ausmfjum;rSK/_cif;?famous for sth~ xifay:ajumfjum;aom|xif@Sm;aom][famous = famed = renowned = well-known]
[pleasant = enjoyable = pleasing = lovely = nice = amusing ~ om<maom|ESpfvdkzG<faumif;aom][resort ~ trsm;oliSm tyef;a_z&m|cdkudk;&m]
[Malaysia is famous for its pleasant beach resorts. Malaysia has many pleasant beach resorts. There are many pleasant
beach resorts in Malaysia. The famous pleasant beach resorts in Malaysia are Langkawi, Pangkor, Tioman Island, Damai
Beach in Sarawak, and Penang.]
*Malaysia is famous for its pleasant beach resorts. (Which country is famous for its pleasant beach resorts?)
*The beach resorts in Malaysia are famous and pleasant.
*Langkawi is one of the famous pleasant beach resorts in Malaysia.

5-Each of these offers water-sports of all kinds as well as snorkelling and scuba diving around the numerous coral reefs that
line Malaysia’s shores.
[sport = game = activity ~ tm;upm;| tm;upm; trsdK;tpm;| tm;upm;yGJ] [water-sports of all kinds = all kinds of water-sports =
different kinds of water-sports] [as well as = in addition to = besides = apart from ~ xdkht_yif|aemufxyf|t_cm;|vnf;yJ|uvGJI]
[snorkelling (n)~ a&atmuftouf@SKydkufudk oHk;Ia&ikyf_cif;| tm;upm;] [scuba diving ~ ausmydk;o<faqmifEdkifonfh a&atmuftouf@SKydkuf_zifh
a&ikyf_cif;] [go scuba diving] [diving ~ 'dkifAifxdk;_cif;] [dive (v)~ 'dkifAifxdk;onf, diver (n)~ a&ikyform;]
[Each of the beach resorts offers water-sports of all kinds and snorkelling and scuba diving. Numerous coral reefs line
Malaysia’s shores.] [these = the famous pleasant beach resorts (in Malaysia)]
*Malaysia’s shores are lined with numerous coral reefs. [line with sth (esp passive)~ wef;pDxm;onf| tem;uGyfonf| vdkifeifcHonf?]
*There are numerous coral reefs that line Malaysia’s shores.
*These resorts offer snorkelling and scuba diving apart from different kinds of water-sports.
(What do these resorts offer apart from different kinds of water-sports?)
*We can go snorkelling and scuba diving around the numerous coral reefs that line Malaysia’s shores.
(Where can we go snorkelling and scuba diving in Malaysia?)

***************************************************************************************************
U BO MIN
UNIT 13 TRAVEL IN SOUTHEAST ASIA (II)
The following are descriptions of the tourist attractions of five more countries in Southeast Asia.
Myanmar
1. Myanmar, known as “The Golden Land”, is famous for its glittering pagodas, vast tracts of timber forests and huge mineral
resources, as well as for the hospitality of its people.
[glitter (v) ~ К К К К / vast (adj) ~ К / tract (n) К / timber (n) ~ / mineral
~ К / resource ~ / hospitality (n) ~ E К ! " ! ! / hospitable (adj) ~ E К ]
[Myanmar is known as “The Golden Land”. It is famous for its glittering pagodas. It is famous for its vast tracts of timber
forests and huge mineral resources. It is famous for the hospitality of its people. It has many glittering pagodas. It has vast
tracts of timber forests. It has huge mineral resources. The people of/in Myanmar (The Myanmar people/ The Myanmar)
are hospitable.]
*Myanmar is known as “The Golden Land” because of its glittering pagodas / because it has glittering pagodas.
*Myanmar possesses very big mineral resources as well as vast tracts of timber.
*Myanmar is famous for its glittering pagodas, vast tracts of timber forests and huge mineral resources.
(What is Myanmar famous for?)

2. Nay Pyi Taw is the capital city of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
*The capital city of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is Nay Pyi Taw. (What is the capital -----?)
3.The commercial city is Yangon. [commerce (n) - К# !]
*Yangon is regarded as the commercial city of Myanmar. (How is Yangon regarded?)
# $# К
# Х& A

4. One can find many famous historic pagodas such as the Shwedagon, museums, parks and many places of recreation.
 82
[One can find many famous historic pagodas, museums, parks and many places of recreation. There are many famous
historic pagodas, museums, parks and many places of recreation in Yangon.]
*In Yangon, we can find many famous historic pagodas such as the Shwedagon, museums, parks and many places of
recreation. (What can you find in Yangon?)
A К К

5. The Ayeyarwady River is the life-blood of the Myanmar people.

6. Along its banks stand many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings-Tagaung, Mandalay, Amarapura, Sagaing, Inwa, Bagan
and Pyay, where many existing old monuments and buildings reveal the greatness of their time of glory.
[Many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings stand (lie) along the banks of the Ayeyarwady River. Many ancient capitals of
Myanmar kings are Tagaung, Mandalay, Amarapura, Sagaing, Inwa, Bagan and Pyay. There are many existing old
monuments and buildings in the ancient capitals of Myanmar kings. Many existing old monuments and buildings reveal
the greatness of the time of glory of Myanmar kings.]
[bank (n)~ ( Х ) К ( / ancient (adj)~ ! К / stand (v)~ ! / existing (adj)~ )*/monument (n)~
A A ! A ) КAA&# К # / reveal (v)~ # Х ! + / greatness (n)~
,#- .К/ Х / glory (n)~ 0 К К 1 ,#-К К ]
*Many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings stand along the banks of the Ayeyarwady River.
(Where do many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings stand?)
*Many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings are situated along the banks of the Ayeyarwady River.
(Where are many ancient capitals of Myanmar kings situated?)
*Ancient capitals of Myanmar kings reveal the greatness of their time of glory.
*Many old monuments and buildings still exist in ancient capitals of Myanmar kings. (What still exist in ----?)

7. Among others, Bagan with its thousands of old pagodas is recognized by the world’s travelers as one of the world’s
wonders. A& A&
[Among other ancient capitals of Myanmar kings, Bagan has thousands of old pagodas. There are thousands of old pagodas
in Bagan, one of the ancient capitals of Myanmar kings. Bagan is recognized by the world’s travelers as one of the world’s
wonders. The world’s travelers recognize Bagan as one of the world’s wonders. Bagan is recognized as one of the world’s
wonders.]
* Bagan is recognized as one of the world’s wonders because it has thousands of old pagodas.
(Why is Bagan recognized as one of the world’s wonders?)
2! ( 34 К ! 5 6 ! + $# / ( 4 К ! К U К !A A2! 8К !

8. This 1,200-year-old city, with over 2,000 ancient pagodas is proof of the rich cultural heritage of Myanmar and is one of
the archaeological treasure houses in Asia. ! + # )# #К

[Bagan is a 1,200-year-old city. Bagan is 1,200 years old. Bagan has over 2,000 ancient pagodas. There are over 2,000
ancient pagodas in Bagan. Bagan is proof of the rich cultural heritage of Myanmar. Bagan is one of the archaeological
treasure houses in Asia.]
*Bagan is 1,200 years old. (How old?)
*There are over 2,000 ancient pagodas in Bagan. (How many ancient pagodas are there in Began?)
*Bagan is an archaeological treasure house in Asia.
*Bagan is proof of the rich cultural heritage of Myanmar and is one of the archaeological treasure houses in Asia. (What?)

9. Just 50 kilometres southeast of Bagan lies Mount Popa, an extinct volcano. ( / ) /5

[Mount Popa lies just 50 kilometres southeast of Bagan. Mount Popa is an extinct volcano. Mount Popa, an extinct volcano,
lies just 50 kilometres southeast of Bagan.]
*Mount Popa is an extinct volcano. (What kind of volcano is Mount Popa?)
*Mount Popa is a volcano but it is no longer active. [extinct = no longer active]
*Mount Popa is situated just 50 kilometres southeast of Bagan. (Where is Mount Popa situated?)
*Mount Popa is 50 kilometres away from Bagan. (How far?)
*The distance between Bagan and Mount Popa is 50 kilometres. (What is the distance between ------?)
5 $КК ;Х ; ; A # ! A Х Х / КХ Х КХ / К

10. It is a unique place for those who would like to enjoy half a day or a day hiking and trekking in the mountain.
(What kind of place is Mount Popa?) [enjoy + Ving]
[Mount Popa is a unique place for those (people) who enjoy hiking and trekking.]
*Mount Popa is a unique place for those who love hiking and trekking.
 83
*Mount Popa is a unique place for those who would like to hike and trek for half a day or a day in the mountain.
*Mount Popa is a good place for those who love hiking and trekking in the mountain.
*Mount Popa is a unique place for those who would like to enjoy half a day or a day hiking and trekking in the mountain.
(Whom is Mount Popa unique place for?) (For whom is Mount Popa unique place?)
*One can do hiking and trekking at Mount Popa. (What can one do at Mount Popa?)
A A.К К [ a taste for sth~ .К К ] [take a trip ~ Х / К ]
11. If one has a taste for mountains and hills, one can take a trip to the Shan hills where the weather is cooler, and the smiles
of the various ethnic groups in their colorful traditional costumes create an atmosphere of warmth and friendliness.
[One who has a taste for mountains and hills can take a trip to the Shan hills where the weather is cooler. The smiles of
the various ethnic groups in their colorful traditional costumes create an atmosphere of warmth and friendliness.]
[traditional (adj)~ <# / costume (n)~ &# / warm (adj)~ 2 / warmth (n)~ 2 1 / friendly (adj)~ 2!/ /
friendliness (n)~ 2!/ 1 1]

*To enjoy cool weather one should visit the Shan hills.
*People who would like to have a taste for mountains and hills should visit the Shan hills. (Who should visit ----?)
*A person/One who has a taste for mountains and hills would choose to visit the Shan hills. (What kind of person ----?)
*The weather of the Shan hills is cool.
*The weather is cooler in the Shan State than in Bagan. / Shan State is a cooler place than Bagan.
*Various ethnic groups in the Shan hills wear colorful traditional costumes.
*The smiles of the various ethnic groups in their colorful traditional costumes give us the atmosphere of warmth and
friendliness when we visit the Shan hills. (What gives us the atmosphere of warmth and friendliness when we visit the Shan
hills?)
*We can find the smiles of the various ethnic groups in their colorful traditional costumes in the Shan hills. (Where?)
*The ethnic groups wear colorful traditional costumes. (What kind of clothes do the ethnic groups wear?)
***One should go to Mount Popa or Shan hills to enjoy some mountain climbing. (Where should one go to enjoy -----?)

12. Besides, it is here that one will see the famous leg-rowers of Inlay Lake.
[row (v)~ ( !) ! ] [rowing-boat ~ ! Х ! ] [rowing team ~ ! ! A A *6 ]

[One will see the famous leg-rowers of Inlay Lake in the Shan State.] [here = in the Shan State]
*One of the attractions of Inlay Lake is the famous leg-rowers. (What is one of the attractions of Inlay Lake?)
*Inlay Lake is famous for its leg-rowers.
*A person who rows a boat with his own feet is called a leg-rower. Х ( !К#) ! Х ;

13. Other major tourist attractions in Myanmar are long, white, sandy and unspoilt beaches such as Ngapali, Maungmakan,
Chaungtha, Kanthayar, and Ngwesaung where one can study marine life, and enjoy peace and tranquility, as well as view
nature at its best.
[spoil, spoilt (v2/v3)~ К К / unspoilt (adj)~ К / ] [where = at long, white, sandy and unspoilt beaches]
[marine life (n)~ =>(] [tranquility (n)~ 5 КХ 5 Х A Х Х ] [view nature (n)~ $ 1Х ]

[Other major tourist attractions in Myanmar are long, white, sandy and unspoilt beaches. Ngapali, Maungmakan,
Chaungtha, Kanthayar, and Ngwesaung are long, white, sandy and unspoilt beaches. One can study marine life, and enjoy
peace and tranquility, as well as view nature at its best at the beaches in Myanmar.]
*Some of the famous beaches in Myanmar are long, white, sandy and unspoilt.
*Ngapali, Maungmakan, Chaungtha, Kanthayar, and Ngwesaung beaches attract tourists to Myanmar.
*Interesting and enjoyable beaches in Myanmar attract thounsands of tourists.
*We can appreciate the natural beauty at the beaches which are long, white, sandy and unspoilt.
*Myanmar has long, white, sandy and unspoilt beaches. (What kind of beaches does Myanmar have?)
*One can study marine life and view nature at its best on the beaches of Myanmar, other than enjoying peace and traquility.
(What else can one do on the beaches of Myanmar, other than enjoying peace and traquility?)
*One can study marine life on the beaches of Myanmar, other than enjoying peace and traquility.
(What else can one study on the beaches of Myanmar, other than enjoying peace and traquility?)
*If we visit Ngapali, Maungmakan, Chaungtha, Kanthayar, and Ngwesaung beaches, we can study marine life, and enjoy
peace and tranquility, as well as view nature at its best. (What can we do if -----------?)
*If we visit Ngapali, Maungmakan, Chaungtha, Kanthayar, and Ngwesaung beaches, we can enjoy peace and tranquility.
(What can we enjoy if -------------?)
 84
The Philippines
14. The Philippines offers a wealth of entertainment, from classical plays to cultural shows and show bands.
[kinds of entertainment = classical plays, cultural shows and show bands etc..]
[classical plays = ,2= ? / cultural shows = U К 1 * / show bands = Х 0 ,/ A * ]
*There is a wealth of entertainment in the Philippines.
*One can find a wealth of entertainment, from classical plays to cultural shows and show bands in the Philippines.
(What kinds of entertainment can one find in the Philippines?)
*One can find a wealth of entertainment such as classical plays, cultural show and show bands in the Philippines.
(What kinds of entertainment can one find in the Philippines?)
*What form of intertainment does the Philippines offer? (The Philippines offers a ------------------- bands.)
15. The people like to celebrate life and their festive spirit is renowned.
[The people in/of the Philippines (The Filipinos) like to celebrate life. Their festive spirit is renowned.]
[celebrate = AХ A * $ ( ) 2* / celebrate life = (AХ A * $ ( ) 2* 5 / ) $ К# @
# / festive (adj) = * $ ) 2@* 1 К8К @ .* К К / festive spirit = .* К К / renowned =
К К ; ]
*The Filipinos are well-known for their festive spirit. (What are the Filipinos well-known for?)
*The Filipinos are the people who like to celebrate life. (What kind of people are the Filippinos?)

16. Manila, the capital, is a particularly lively entertainment Centre and at night the city centre comes alive with discos and
the rhythms of Filipino bands and pop groups.
[The capital of the Philippines is Manila. It is a particularly lively entertainment Centre. The city centre comes alive with
discos and the rhythms of Filipino bands and pop groups at night.]
[particularly = A ; / lively (adj) = К 1 ! 2# 8К " 8К / comes(be) alive with sth = К 1 ! 2# 8К " 8К
/ rhythms = Х К (К / &# / КК 2! /Х 1) / Filipino bands = # / ># / Filipino = # ; / pop
groups = Х 0 ,/ A * ]
*Manila comes alive at night with discos and the rhythms of Filipino bands and pop groups.
(How does Manila come alive at night?)
* The capital of the Philippines is Manila. (What is the capital of the Philippines?)
*Discos, bands and pop groups offer lively entertainment to the people.
*The city centre comes alive at night because of discos and the rhythms of Filipino bands and pop groups. (Why?)
*The intertainment with discos and the rhythms of Filipino bands and pop groups make Manila become alive at night.
(What form of intertainment make Manila become alive at night?)

17. For a taste of Filipino festivity, one can check out the performances of the many cultural dance troupes.
[festivity (n) = * $ / check out = К 1 Х& / performance = К )К 1 / dance troupe = AКA * ]
*Many cultural dance groups give a taste of Filipino festivity in the city.

18. The most famous are the Bayanihan Dancers, whose performance can be enjoyed at the Manila Restaurant of the Manila
Hotel. ***[whose = of the Bayanihan Dancers / whose performance = the performance of the Bayanihan Dancers]
[perform (v) = К / perfomer (n) = К ;/ performance (n) = К 1] [the A3 N]
[The most famous perfomers/ cultural dance groups are the Bayanihan Dancers. The performance of the Bayanihan
Dancers can be enjoyed at the Manila Restaurant of the Manila Hotel.]
*The Bayanihan Dancers perform at the Manila Restaurant of the Manila Hotel.
(Where do the Bayanihan Dancers perform?) (Who peoform at ------?)
*The Bayanihan Dancers are the most famous cultural dance groups. (Who?)
*The performance of the Bayanihan Dancers can be enjoyed at the Manila Restaurant of the Manila Hotel.
(Whose performance can be enjoyed at the Manila Restaurant of the Manila Hotel?)
 85
19. The Philippines is a predominantly Catholic nation and no country in ASEAN can rival its centuries-old churches, with
their antique religious objects. [centuries-old (adj) = #2! К ! / centuries old = hundreds of years old]
[predominantly (adv) = A КA @ # / rival (v) = !U5 / centuries (hundreds of years) = #2! / antique
(adj) = ! К / religious (adj) = $ 2! )# / religion (n) = $ / objects = A ]
[The Philippines is a predominantly Catholic nation. No country in ASEAN can rival its centuries-old churches, with their
antique religious objects. There are many antique religious objects in the centuries-old churches of the Philipppines.]
*The Philippines is a predominantly Catholic nation. (What kind of nation?)
*Other countries in ASEAN can’t rival its centuries-old churches because of their antique religious objects. (Why can’t ---?)
*The Philippines is an ASEAN country.
*The antique religious objects can be seen in the centuries-old churches in the Philippines. (What can be seen in ----?)

20. Fascinating churches to be found around Metro Manila are: the Malate Church with its images of Our Lady of Remedies;
the Las Pinas Church, with its 165-year-old organ made entirely of bamboo; and San Sebastian Church built in 1981,
the only Gothic steel church in the country. [be made entirely of bamboo = >( Х К К # ]
[Fascinating (adj) = * К К / 165-year-old (adj) = 2! ( 3BC 2! К ! / entirely (adv) = Х# &# #& ]
[Fascinating churches can be found around Metro Manila. Fascinating churches to be found around Metro Manila are the
Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and San Sebastian Church. The Malate Church has the images of Our Lady of
Remedies. The Las Pinas Church has the 165-year-old organ. (The 165-year-old organ in the Las Pinas Church)/ It is made
entirely of bamboo. San Sebastian Church was built in 1981. It is the only (a) Gothic steel church in the Philippines.]
*The fascinating churches – the Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and the San Sebastian Church are found around
Metro Manila.
*The Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and the San Sebastian Church are fascinating. (-ing Adj)
*One will be fascinated with The Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and the San Sebastian Church. (-ed Adj)
*The Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and the San Sebastian Church are found around Metro Manila.
(What churches are found -----?)
*The fascinating churches found around Metro Manila are the Malate Church, the Las Pinas Church and the San Sebastian
Church. (What are the fascinating churches found around Metro Manila?)
*The organ made entirely of bamboo in the Las Pinas Church is 165 years old.
*The 165-year-old organ in the Las Pinas Church is made entirely of bamboo.
*I think the 165-year-old organ in the Las Pinas Church is unusual because it is made entirely of bamboo.
(Why do you think the 165-year-old organ in the Las Pinas Church is unusual?)
*San Sebastian Church was built in 1981. (When was San Sebastian Church built?)

Singapore
21. Singapore comprises one main island and several offshore islands. [offshore islands = К КD ]
22. Sentosa, an island resort of Singapore, offers a collection of the country’s finest attractions.
[collection = # 1 / fine, finer, finest = К / attractions = )* ) 1 ! A ]
[Sentosa is an island resort of Singapore. It offers a collection of the country’s finest attractions.]
*Sentosa is the most famous island resort of/in Singapore.
*Among the several offshore islands in Singapore, Sentosa is the most famous because it offers a collection of the
country’s finest attractions. (Among the several offshore islands in Singapore, which island is the most famous? Why?)
#К Х& К К A КК E
23. These include the 37-metre tall Merlion, Images of Singapore, Fort Siloso, the renowned Musical Fountain, Underwater
К; UКD / КD A )К # @ #К U U
World, Fantasy Island, Volcano land, Butterfly Park/Insect Kingdo Museum, Sentosa Orchid Gardens and Asian Village.
[The country’s finest attractions / The finest attractions of Singapore are the 37-metre tall Merlion, Images of Singapore,
Fort Siloso, the renowned Musical Fountain, Underwater World, Fantasy Island, Volcanoland, Butterfly Park/Insect Kingdo
Museum, Sentosa Orchid Gardens and Asian Village. The Merlion is 37 metres tall.]
 86
*The Merlion, a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish, is 37 metres tall.

24. While fun seekers can delight in its many theme attractions, nature lovers can discover the charm of Sentosa’s Nature
Walk or Dragon Trail.
[fun seekers = A ! ; / delight (v) = К 2; @ / theme attractions = A КA )* ) 1 ! A / nature
lovers = $ К# Х ; / discover = ! !( ; Х& ; ) Х& / charm = * К ]
[Fun seekers can delight in its many theme attractions. Nature lovers can discover the charm of Sentosa’s Nature Walk or
Dragon Trail.]

25. History enthusiasts can bask in historical enclaves scattered throughout the island while beach lovers can relax and
enjoy sea sports along the 3.2 kilometres stretch of Siloso, Central and Tanjong Beaches.
[history enthusiasts = # 2! К5 / A A К К8К ; / bask = ;) 1& Х& /
historical enclaves = # КD / scattered (adj) = 2!& / be scattered = 2!& ] [stretch of -- =
К К ) ]
[History enthusiasts can bask in historical enclaves. Historical enclaves are scattered throughout the island. Beach lovers
can relax and enjoy sea sports along the 3.2 kilometres stretch of Siloso, Central and Tanjong Beaches.]
*Nature lovers can discover the charm of Sentosa’s Nature Walk or Dragon Trail and history enthusiasts can bask in
historical enclaves scattered throughout the island in Singapore. (What can nature lovers and history enthusiasts do?)
*History enthusiasts will be interested in historical enclaves on the island.
*History enthusiasts will be interested in historical enclaves of Singapore. (Who?)
*Historical enclaves are scattered throughout the island.
*The historical enclaves of Singapore are scattered throughout the island. (Where?)
*Sea sports can be enjoyed at Siloso, Central and Tanjong Beaches.
*Visitors can relax and enjoy sea sports along the beaches of Singapore. (What can visitors do?)
*Beach lovers can relax and enjoy sea sports along the beaches. (What can beach lovers do?)

26. The Merlion, a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish, is a major tourist attraction. Х / К# A К)* ) A
*

[The Merlion is a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish. It is a major tourist attraction in Singapore.]
*The Merlion is strange in that it is a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish. (What is strange about the Merlion?)
*What is strange about the Merlion is that it is a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish. (What is strange ------?)
*The Merlion is unusual because it has the head of a lion and the body of a fish.
*According to the passage, the Merlion is one of the major tourist attractions. (What?)
*The Merlion is a major tourist attraction in Singapore and it is a statue with a lion’s head and the body of a fish.
(What is the major tourist attraction in Sigapore and what is unusual about it?)
*The Merlion, the 37-metre tall statue, is with a lion’s head and the body of a fish.

27. Here, visitors get a breathtaking view of Sentosa, the city skyline and the surrounding islands from two viewing decks –
on the 9th level at its mouth and on the 12th, its topmost level.
[breathtaking (adj) = 1 К / viewing decks = 1Х К 1 A / at its mouth (at the mouth of the Merlion)
= the 9th level / its topmost level (at the topmost level of the Merlion) = the 12th level]
[Visitors get a breathtaking view of Sentosa, the city skyline and the surrounding islands from two viewing decks of the
Merlion. The two viewing decks are the 9th level and the 12th level. The two viewing decks are the 9th and 12th levels. The
9th level is at the mouth of the Merlion. The 12th level is at the topmost of the Merllion. The 9th level is the mouth of the
Merlion. The 12th level is the topmost of the Merllion.]
*Visitors can enjoy the breathtaking view of Sentosa from the two viewing decks of the Merlion. (From where?)
*Not only the breathtaking view of Sentosa and the city skyline but also the surrounding islands can be seen from two viewing
decks of the Merlion.
*A breathtaking view of Sentosa, the city skyline and the surrounding islands can be seen from two viewing decks. (What?)
*We can enjoy the view of Sentosa and the surrounding islands from two viewing decks – on the 9th and 12th levels.
(From where can you enjoy the view of Sentosa and the surrounding islands?)
*The two viewing decks are on the 9th level at the Merlion’s mouth and on the 12th level its topmost level. (On what levels?)
*The viewing deck on the 9th level is at the mouth of the Merlion.
 87
*These places are on the 9 level at the Merlion’s mouth and on the 12th level its topmost level.
th

(On what levels are these places?)

28. Visitors should not miss the beautiful 20-hectare Jurong Bird Park which is the largest bird park in all of Southeast Asia.
[20-hectare (adj) = +К 4 К / 20 hectares = +К 4 / all of --- = A #& A К ( К
* )]

[Visitors should not miss the beautiful 20-hectare Jurong Bird Park. The Jurong Bird Park covers 20 hectares. The area of
the Jurong Bird Park is 20 hectares. The Jurong Bird Park is the largest bird park in all of Southeast Asia.]
*In all of Southeast Asia, Jurong Bird Park is the largest bird park.
*The compound of the beautiful Jurong Bird Park is 20 hectares large. (How large/big?)
29. Home to over 8,000 birds from 600 species, the Jurong Bird Park holds the distinction of having the world’s tallest man-
made waterfall.
[home = Х# 1& # ! КК A A #КA & / hold (v) = К# К )# К# )& К ---
/ distinction (n)
= ; Х ХК ! 1 / distinct (adj) = ! ;Х / man-made (adj) = ; # (made by man)]
[The Jurong Bird Park is a home to over 8,000 birds from 600 species. It has the distinction of having the world’s tallest
man-made waterfall. It is distinct because it has the world’s tallest man-made waterfall. The world’s tallest man-made
waterfall is in the Jurong Bird Park, in Singapore.]
*The Jurong Bird Park is regarded as the largest bird park in all of Southeast Asia because it is home to over 8,000 birds from
600 species. (Why is the Jurong Bird Park regarded as the largest bird park in all of Southeast Asia?)
*Over 8,000 birds from 600 species and the world’s tallest man-made waterfall can be seen in the Jurong Bird Park. (What?)
*There are 600 species of birds in the Jurong Bird Park. (How many kinds of birds are there in the Jurong Bird Park?)
*There are over 8,000 birds in the Jurong Bird Park. (How many birds are there in the Jurong Bird Park?)
*The world’s tallest man-made waterfall makes the Jurong Bird Park different from other bird parks in the world.
(What makes the Jurong Bird Park different from other bird parks in the world?)
*The waterfall in the Jurong Bird Park is not natural as it is man-made / made by man.
*The Jurong Bird Park is unique because it holds the distinction of having the world’s tallest man-made waterfall. (Why?)
*The distinctive feature of the Jurong Bird Park is the world’s tallest man-made waterfall. (What is the distinctive feature?)

Thailand
30. Thailand is situated on the gulf of Siam, bounded on the east by Laos and Cambodia, on the south by Malaysia and on the
west by Myanmar. (Where is Thailand situated?)
[gulf = К / bound (v – usually P.V – be bounded) = ! / boundary (n) = U]

[Thailand is situated on the gulf of Siam. It is bounded on the east by Laos and Cambodia, on the south by Malaysia and
on the west by Myanmar.]
*Thailand is situated on the gulf of Siam. (Where is Thailand situated?)
*The neighboring countries of Thailand are Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar. (What are the neighboring countries?)
*Myanmar is located to the north of Thailand. (Which country is located to the north of Thailand?)
*Myanmar is situated in the west of Thailand. (Which country?)
*Thailand is situated in the east of Myanmar.
*Laos and Cambodia are situated in the east of Thailand. (Which countries?)

31. Bangkok is the capital of Thailand and is regarded as a shopper’s paradise. ; #G К

[regard = ! $ ! ; / shopper (n) = ; / paradise (n) = #Х$&# HI К К $&#]

[The capital of Thailand is Bangkok. It is regarded as a shopper’s paradise (a paradise for shoppers).]
*People regard Bangkok as a shopper’s paradise. [regard sth as sth]
*Bangkok is regarded as a paradise for shoppers. [sth is regarded (by sb) as sth]

32. Some of its restaurants stage cultural shows where one can enjoy the twin pleasures of Thai cuisine and classical dance.
[stage (v) = К )К / the twin pleasures = Х& 1 2! / Thai cuisine = # A A / classical dance
= ! <# AК / modern dance = Х AК]
 88
[Some of the restaurants in Bankok stage cultural shows. One can enjoy the twin pleasures (of Thai cuisine and classical
dance) at some of the restaurants in Bankok. The twin pleasures are Thai cuisine and classical dance.]
*The two kinds of pleasure one can enjoy at some of Bangkok’s restaurants are Thai cuisine and classical dance.
(What are the two kinds of pleasure one can enjoy at some of Bangkok’s restaurants?)
*The words “the twin pleasures” refer to Thai cuisine and classical dance. (What do the word “the twin pleasures” refer to?)
*In some restaurants in Bankok, people can watch classical dance.
*The twin pleasures of Thai cuisine and classical dance can be enjoyed at some of the restaurants in Bankok.
(What can be enjoyed?)
*We can see cultural shows at some of Bangkok’s restaurants and we can enjoy the twin pleasures of Thai cuisine and classical
dance. (Where can we see cultural shows and what else can we do there?)
33. The dancers use their movements to interpret the stories of the “Ramakien”, the Thai version of the Ramayana.
[interpret (v) = <# $ ] / version (n) = ; &# & )К 1]

[The dancers use their movements to interpret the stories of the “Ramakien”. The “Ramakien” is the Thai version of the
Ramayana.]
*The dancers interpret the stories of the Ramakien by their movements. (How do the dancers interpret ---?)
*The Thai version of the Ramayana is the “Ramakien”.

34. While in Bangkok, culture lovers can watch dance or drama at such venues as Thailand’s National Theatre, the Thailand
Cultural Centre and the Monthienthong Theatre.
[venue = ( * $ )К ? &# ] [While in Bangkok = while you are in Bangkok]
[While culture lovers are in Bangkok, they can watch/enjoy dance or drama Thailand’s National Theatre, the Thailand
Cultural Centre and the Monthienthong Theatre.]
*Culture lovers can enjoy/watch classical dance or drama at Thailand’s National Theatre, the Thailand Cultural Centre and
the Monthienthong Theatre. (Where can culture lovers enjoy/watch classical dance or drama?)
*Dance or drama can be enjoyed at such venues as Thailand’s National Theatre, the Thailand Cultural Centre and the
Monthienthong Theatre. (Where?)
*The popular live entertainment venues in Thailand are Thailand’s National Theatre, the Thailand Cultural Centre and the
Monthienthong Theatre. (What are the popular live entertainment venues in Thailand?)

35. There are many opportunities for sports too.

[opportunities (n) = AХ A AХ A / sports = A К / sports day = К A К * ]G
36. The beach resorts at Pattaya and Phuket offer a wide range of activities from scuba diving and windsurfing to golf.
[Pattaya and Phuket = beach resorts ] [a wide range of activities = >( &# (A К ) 1 ! 1 &#]

[Pattaya and Phuket are beach resorts. They offer a wide range of activities from scuba diving and windsurfing to golf.]
[sports activities = scuba diving, windsurfing, golf, etc..] [water sports = scuba diving and windsurfing]
*Visitors can do a wide range of activities from scuba diving and windsurfing to golf at the Pattaya and Phuket beach
resorts. (What can visitors do at the Pattaya and Phuket beach resorts?)
*Such activities as scuba diving, windsurfing, golf are offered at Pattaya and Phuket.
*Sport activities can be done at the beach resorts at Pattaya and Phuket. (Where can sport activities be done?)
*There are beach resorts at Pattaya and Phuket which offer a wide range of activities.
*One can enjoy a wide range of activities from scuba diving and windsurfing to golf at Pattaya and Phuket.
(What can one enjoy?)
*The examples of water sports are scuba diving and windsurfing. (What are the examples?)
(What are examples of water sports given in the passage?)

37. Thai boxing has gained increasing worldwide popularity in recent years.
[boxing = К !/ gain = # / worldwide = К E @ / popularity (n) = ;.К К 1 / popular (adj) =
;.К К / recent = К /К 5 / Х* / in recent days/months/years etc. = recently]
*Thai boxing has become very popular in the world in recent years.
 89
(What particular sport has become very popular in the world in recent years?)
*Thai boxing match has become popular in the world in recent years. (What has become popular?)
*Thai boxing has become increasingly popular in recent years.
*Thai boxing has become popular throughout the world.

38. A Thai boxing match is noisy and exciting, accompanied by orchestral music and is well worth experiencing.
[match (n) = 5 */ accompany (v) = A ; #К ( A / orchestral music = & &# / ># / 1 ,/ /
be worth Ving = ----- # ! # # #К / experience (v) = К& ]
[A Thai boxing match is noisy and exciting. A Thai boxing is a noisy and exciting match. It is accompanied by orchestral
music. It is well worth experiencing.]
*The adjectives ‘noisy and exciting’ are used to describe this particular sport.
(What adjectives are used to describe this particular sport?)
*The adjectives used to describe this particular sport are noisy and exciting.
*According to the description in the passage, Thai boxing is not different from Myanmar boxing because Myanmar
boxing is also noisy and exciting.
(According to the description in the passage, is Thai boxing different from Myanmar boxing? If so/if not, why?)
*Orchestral music accompanies the Thai boxing match. (What accompanies?)
*Thai boxing is a noisy and exciting match (which is) accompanied by orchestral music. (What kind of match?)
*Thai boxing is noisy and exciting, accompanied by orchestral music. (What kind of match?)
*Thai boxing matches are accompanied by orchestral music. (What are Thai boxing matches accompanied by?)
*Thai boxing is well worth experiencing because a Thai boxing match is noisy and exciting, accompanied by orchestral music.
(Why is Thai boxing well worth experiencing?)

Vietnam
39. Vietnam is long and narrow, and it widens in the North and South. (What is the shape of Vietnam?)
[widen (v) = К / wide (adj) = К / width (n) = AК HК]
40. Along the Vietnamese coastline from North to South, there are many beautiful beaches.
[Vietnamese = H/ К ; 2! )# / coastline = К <# ]
[There are many beautiful beaches along the Vietnamese coastline from North to South.]
*Many beautiful beaches can be found along the Vietnamese coastline from North to South.
*The beaches along the Vietnamese coastline are beautiful.

41. Vietnam boasts primitive forests with precious flora and fauna, and high mountains with a temperate climate which are
very attractive to tourists.
[boast (v) = 8К К# ,#- ; / primitive = !К ! U/ / flora and fauna = plants and animals / temperate
climate = A ; A A ! ( /U # )]

[Vietnam boasts primitive forests. These forests have precious flora and fauna (plants and animals). It has high mountains
with a temperate climate. These are very attractive to tourists. These attract tourists.]
*Vietnam boasts primitive forests with precious flora and fauna, and high mountains with a temperate climate. (What?)
*The forests in Vietnam are still primitive.
*The forests in Vietnam are rich in precious flora and fauna.
*One can find precious flora and fauna in the forests of Vietnam. (What can one find?)
*The high mountains with a temperate climate attract tourists.
*High mountains with a temperate climate are very attractive to tourists.
(What geographical features are very attractive to tourists?)

42. A great number of lakes, rivers, streams, waterfalls and grottoes make up wonderful beauty spots of the country.
[grotto = (A A
! A) К # ) ,; #- / make up = / / beauty spots = A A
! 1Х 1КК ]
[There are a great number of lakes, rivers, streams, waterfalls and grottoes in Vietnam. These make up wonderful beauty
spots of the country.]
 90
*A great number of lakes, rivers, streams, waterfalls and grottoes are wonderful beauty spots of Vietnam. (What are?)
*A great number of lakes, rivers, streams, waterfalls and grottoes make the country (Vietnam) beautiful.
(What makes the country beautiful?) [make Obj adj]

43. Those who visit Vietnam with its “age-old culture” should go to Hanoi first. [age-old culture = ! + U К 1]
[Those who visit Vietnam should go to Hanoi first. Vietnam has an “age-old culture”. The capital of Vietnam is Hanoi.]
*Visitors who visit Vietnam should go to Hanoi first because of its “age-old culture”. (Why?)
*Hanoi is a city that tourists should visit in Vietnam.
*One can find Vietnam’s age-old culture in Hanoi. (Where can one find Vietnam’s age-old culture?)
*Vietnam possesses “age-old culture”. (What kind of culture does Vietnam possess?)
Х& $# К ) К )К К)/ Х&
44. Although the citadel, temples and palaces constructed by various royal dynasties have been seriously destroyed, there are
many cultural monuments still existing in Hanoi.
[The citadel, temples and palaces were constructed by various royal dynasties. They have been seriously destroyed. There
are many cultural monuments still existing in Hanoi. * historical buildings – the citadel, temples and palaces]
*The citadel, temples and palaces built by various royal dynasties have been seriously destroyed.
(What has happened to --?)
*Various royal dynasties constructed the citadel, temples and palaces in Hanoi and they have been seriously destroyed.
(Who -------- and what has happened to them?)
*Those who visit Vietnam should go to Hanoi first because there are many cultural monuments still existing there.
(Why should those who visit Vietnam go to Hanoi first?)
*Though many of Vietnam’s historical buildings have been seriously destroyed, there are still a lot left in Hanoi.
*There are a lot of cultural monuments still left in Hanoi.
#К ? &# Х
45. The city is also the place where many museums, theatres, exhibition halls, national libraries, and scientific libraries are
concentrated. # !
[There are many museums, theatres, exhibition halls, national libraries, and scientific libraries in Hanoi. Many museums,
theatres, exhibition halls, national libraries, and scientific libraries are concentrated in Hanoi.]
! # U К 1)# A ! A Х& J A ,;H
46. Other outstanding places of historical-cultural significance are the old citadel, the Presidential Palace, the Mausoleum of
President Ho Chi Min, the Ba Dinh Square ( ) and the Memorial Monument of Combatants. #К *

[There are many other outstanding places of historical-cultural significance. They are the old citadel, the Presidential
Palace, the Mausoleum of President Ho Chi Min, the Ba Dinh Square and the Memorial Monument of Combatants.]
*The Presidential Palace and the Memorial Monument of Combatants are places of historical-cultural significance.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brunei Darussalam
Tourist attractions Things you can see
1. The Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium a colourful display of tropical fish
2. The Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Centre traditional Brunei Handicraft such as silverware, brocade and
ceremonial daggers
3. The Brunei Museum bronze and brassware, Chinese ceremics and jade
4. Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Temburong Zoo a good variety of tropical wildlife

Indonesia
Tourist attractions Where it is situated
1. The biggest Buddhist temple at Candi Borobudur in Java
2. mountain resorts such as Tretes and Selecta in East Java
3. a heart-stopping bull race in Madura
4. cultural Centre in Yogyakarta
5. Indonesia’s largest national park in Western Sumatra
Countries and their Capitals [The capital of ------- is --------.]
 91
Country Capital
Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Indonesia Jakarta
Laos Vientiane
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw
Philippines Manila
Singapore Singapore
Thailand Bangkok
Vietnam Hanoi

Country Nationality ; Language $ К

Brunei Bruneian Malay

Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian
Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian
Laos Laotian Lao
Malaysia Malaysian Malay
Myanmar Myanmar Myanmar
Philippines Philipino Filipino
Singapore Singaporean Malay
Thailand Thai Thai
Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese

Adjectives can be formed by adding “-ed/-ing” to a verb.

Adj =V + -ing Adj =V + -ed
Exciting = excite + -ing excited = excite + -ed
Compare:
An Adjective ending in –ing describes what something is An adjective ending in –ed describes how we feel.
like, what effect it has on us. For example, a scene can be For example, we can feel excited, interested,
exciting, interesting, fascinating, attracting. fascinated, attracted.
Here are some more examples.
-ing adjective [sth be –ing] -ed adjective [sb be/feel –ed]
Lying on a beach is relaxing. I feel relaxed when I am lying on the beach.
The exhibition was fascinating. I was fascinated by the exhibition.

‘-ed’ adjective or ‘-ing’ adjective.

Example: I was surprised at how good the weather was. Yes, the amount of sunshine we had was surprising.
1. I was exhausted after a long journey. Yes, it was an exhausting journey. [-ing(adj) + N]
2. The holiday was very relaxing. Yes, we had a very relaxing holiday.
3. The film we saw last night was amusing. Yes, Thu Thu was certainly amused and she couldn’t stop laughing.
4. I was fascinated by the old buildings of the town. Yes, I thought they were fastinating too.
5. The windsurfing was a thrilling experience for the children. Yes, they were certainly thrilled to have a go.
6. Attracted by the mountain scenery I can’t help gazing around. Yes, I was also attracted by the ancient pagodas on the
mountains.
7. I have been interested in fishing. Yes, it is interesting to me too.
8. Going on a picnic to the countryside was very exciting. Yes, Lin Lin was so excited the night before that she couldn’t sleep
well.
9. Nway Nway’s behavior during the journey was very annoying. Yes, everyone was annoyed with her.
10. We were amazed to view the city from the tower. Yes, we had an amazing view of the whole city.

Put the words below into their correct groups in the box. Some words may belong to both groups.
traditional ceremonial fascinating impressive attractive peaceful exciting
excellent wonderful historical classical historic cultural antique
age-old breathtaking primitive
 92
Adjectives to do with nature and scenery Adjectives to do with history and culture
peaceful traditional
breathtaking classical
exciting ceremonial
fascinating historic
attractive historical
impressive primitive
excellent cultural
age-old
antique

D. Complete the following sentences, using the appropriate adjective from the list above. In some cases, there may be
more than one possible answer.
1. Visiting historic/historical sites reminds me of the romance of the past.
2. Bagan’s sunset scene is breathtaking/fascinating enough to attract tourists.
3. You can buy antique vases at some handicraft shops in the Bogyoke Market.
4. Ngapli is one of the most attractive beach resorts in Myanmar.
5. Classical music is more pleasing to listen to than pop music.
6. Our country still has many traditional customs.
7. A temperate climate is one of the attractive features of Vietnam.

GRAMMAR

Adverb Clause of Time (1) AХ .К > >(К #

After (a)After she graduates, she will get a job.
(b)After she (had) graduated, she got a job.
Before (c)I will leave before he comes.
(d)I (had) left before he came.
When (e)When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
(f)When I got there, he had already left.
(g)When I was in Chicago, I visited the museums.
(h)When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
While (i)While I was walking home, it began to rain.
As (j)As I was walking home, it began to rain.
By the time (k)By the time he arrived, he had already left.
(i)By the time he comes, we will already have left.
Since (m)I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.
Until (n)We stayed there until we finished our work.
Till (o)We stayed there till we finished our work.
After = after that time / Before = before that time
A present tense, not a future tense, is used in an
adverb clause of time.
[Notice examples (a) and (c)]
When = at that time
[Notice the different time relationships expressed
by the tenses.]
While/as = during that time
By the time = one event is completed before
another event
[Notice the use of the past perfect and future perfect
in the main clause.]
Since = from that time to the present
[Notice: The present perfect tense is used in the
main clause.]
Until/till = to that time and then no longer
[Till is used primarily in speaking rather than in
writing.]

As (p)As soon as it stops raining, we will leave. As soon as/once = when one event happens,
Soon as another event happens soon afterwards
(q)Once in stops raining, we will leave.
Once

Just as (r)Just as I sat down, the phone rang. Just as = exactly at that moment

after/before/when/while/as/by the time/since/till/until/as soon as/just as/ once + Clause 

Complete each sentence choosing an appropriate ending from the box.

When I explained it to her. Just as I picked it up.
Before he answered the question. After you have had something.
Until the light changes to green. While the baby is asleep.
 93
Since he broke his leg. As soon as I have finished.
As she was driving home. Once he saw me.
1. Try not to make any noise while the baby is asleep.
2. The phone stopped ringing just as I picked it up.
3. He turned back once he saw me.
4. He never played tennis again since he broke his leg.
5. Marlar heard the news on the radio as she was driving home.
6. I will leave as soon as I have finished.
7. You have to wait until the light changes to green.
8. She understood the problem when I explained it to her.
9. You’ll feel better after you have had something.
10. He thought carefully before he answered the question.

Adverb Clause of Time (2)

Exercise I: Classify the following sentences according to the relationship between the main clause and the time clause.
Say whether the time clause occurred –
Earlier than the main clause. (E) / At the same time as the main clause. (S) / Later than the main clause. (L)
1. Once the programmer ended, I switched off the television. ( E )
2. Would you like something to drink before you go to bed? ( L )
3. You can keep the book until you have finished it. ( S )
4. Shall we have coffee while we are waiting? ( S )
5. I came as soon as I heard the news. ( S )

Exercise II: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate time relaters.
1. I’ll go swimming when it gets warmer.
2. Don’t forget to close the windows before you go out.
3. Mg Mg’s mother was worried until he returned home.
4. He left for the station as soon as he received the phone message.
5. I last saw him in Bago. Since then I have never seen him.
6. After I had locked all the doors, I went to bed.
7. I often listen to the radio while I am having breakfast.

Degrees of Comparison
I. as ---- adj/adv ---- as [Equal Comparison] >> Sub(N1) Vbe/V as adj/adv as Sub(N2).
Study the following example.
Ngwe Ngwe is bright and so is Shwe Shwe. >> Ngwe Ngwe is as bright as Shwe Shwe.
Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one that is given.
1. Lwin loves coffee very much and so does Zin.
Lwin loves coffee as much as Zin.
2. Daw Mya Thuzar looks elegant and so does Daw Hla Thuzar.
Daw Mya Thuzar looks as elegant as Daw Hla Thuzar.
3. U Zaw Zaw has been to many countries and so has his wife.
U Zaw Zaw has been to as many countries as his wife. [as many C.N as / as much U.N as]
4. Sewing requires patience; so does knitting.
Sewing requires as much patience as knitting. [patience >> uncountable noun]
5. Computers make our life convenient just as telephones do. [do = make ----- convenient]
Computers make our life as convenient as telephones.

II. adj + ----- er/more ----- than → not as ----- adj ----- as [Unequal Companison] [A2 than >> not as ----- as]
>> Sub(N1) Vbe adj-er/ more adj than Sub(N2). >> Sub(N2) Vbe not as A1 as Sub(N1).
Study the following example.
An essay type test is more difficult than an objective test.
An objective test is not as difficult as an essay type test.
Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one that is given.
1. Win Thuzar is prettier than Hla Hla.
Hla Hla is not as pretty as Win Thuzar.
2. It is colder today than it was yesterday. / Today is colder than yesterday.
 94
It was not as cold yesterday as it is today. / Yesterday was not as cold as today.
3. You spend more money than me (I do). [I = Subject Pronoun / me = Object Pronoun]
I do not spend as much money as you (you do). [you = Subject Pronoun / you = Object Pronoun]
4. His handwriting is worse than his brother’s. [his brother’s = his brother’s handwriting]
His brother’s handwriting is not as bad as his. [his = his handwriting] [ his = Possesssive Adj / his = Possessive Pronoun]
5. The picture on the wall is more attractive than the one on the table. [one (Pronoun) = picture]
The picture on the table is not as attractive as the one on the wall.

III. adj + ----- er/more ----- than → adj + ----- er/more + noun [A2 than >> a/an A2 N than]
>> Sub Verb A2 than -------. >> Sub Vbe a/an A2 N than ------.
*** [Use suitable article / Change Adverb to Adjective / Change Verb to Noun >> Construct Article Adjective Noun]
Study the following example.
She sings better than her mother. [good/well > better > best]
She is a better singer than her mother. [sing (v) > singer (n)]
Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one that is given.
1. He plays the organ better than his brother. [play (v) > player (n) / play organ > organ player/ organist]
He is a better organist than his brother.
2. Ju Ju writes more creatively than Sue Sue. [write (v) > writer (n) / creatively (adv) > creative (adj)]
Ju Ju is a more creative writer than Sue Sue. [creative > more creative > most creative]
3. My father plays golf better than my uncle. [play golf > golf player/golfer]
My father is a better golfer than my uncle.
4. Htut Htut studies more seriously than Soe Soe. [seriously (adv) > serious (adj) / study (v) > student (n)]
Htut Htut is a more serious student than Soe Soe. [serious > more serious > most serious]
5. Older people think more deeply than younger people. [deeply (adv) > deep (adj) / think (v) > thinker (n)]
Older people are deeper thinkers than younger people. [deeply > more deeply > most deeply / deep > deeper > deepest]

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COMPARISON
>> There are three degrees of comparison: (1) Positive, (2) Comparative and (3) Superlative.
Eg. tall/ taller/ tallest – useful/ more useful/ most useful – pretty/ prettier/ prettiest – good/ better/ best

The positive form – as(so) ----- as / not as ----- as

Eg. Khin Maung is as tall as Tin Aung. / This book is as useful as that one. / Hla Hla is as pretty as Mya Mya.
Aung Aung is not as tall as Min Min.
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.

The comparative form – -er/ -ier/ more --- than

Eg. He is stronger than I expected. / The pendulum clocks are more expensive than other style of clocks.

The superlative form – the -est/most ---N--- in/of [three or more people/things]
Eg. This is the oldest theatre in London. / The youngest of the family was the most successful.

ever and never with the perfect tense.

He is the kindest man (that) I have ever met. / It was the most wirring day (that) he had ever spent.
I have never met a kinder man. / He had never spent a more worring day.

The parallel structure – The comparative -----, the comparative -----. [The D2 S V, the D2 S V.]
Eg. The more he learns, the less he knows.
The sooner you call for her, the better it will be.

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Degree of Adjective and Adverb
Simple (Equal Comparison)
1. as adj / adv as
[equally, like, very, quite, just as, and so, also, so do/does/did, so am/is/are/was/were, Pronoun, Vbe - ( ]
Eg. like
She is proud; she is like a peacock. / She is as proud as a peacock.
equally
 95
Snakes are poisonous. Scorpions are equally poisonous. / Snakes are as poisonous as Scorpions.
just as
Computers make our life convenient just as telephones do. / Computers make our life as convenient as telephones.
and so
Ko Myat is bright and so is Ko Latt. / Ko Myat is as bright as Ko Latt.
also
Your son is playful. A monkey is also playful. / Your son is as playful as a monkey.
very
He is like an owl. He is very wise. / He is as wise as an owl.
so does
Sewing requires patience; so does playing chess. / Sewing requires as much patience as playing chess.
so Vbe
Milk is nourishing; so is red meat. / Milk is as nourishing as red meat.
P.N / Vbe
The Hotel is like a palace. It is very grand. / The Hotel is as grand as a palace.
the -est
He ran very fast. It was the fastest he could do. / He ran as fast as he could.
as many N as [many + Countable Noun]
U Naw Naw has been to many countries and so has his wife. / U Naw Naw has been to as many countries as his wife.
as much as
Lwin loves coffee very much and so does Zin. / Lwin loves coffee as much as Zin.
adj to Obj
The Ayeyarwaddy is useful to us like a super highway. / The Ayeyarwaddy is as useful to us as a super highway.
Comparison
1. The -est N / any other / No other / There is no
the -est N / -er than any other N / No other N is as adj as / There is no N as adj as / any other / No other + N (Singular)
Eg. Yongon is the largest city in Myanmar. / Yongon is larger than any other city in Myanmar.
No other city in Myanmar is as large as Yangon. / There is no city in Myanmar as large as Yangon.
The Nile is the longest river in the world. / The Nile is longer than any other river in the world.
No other river in the world is as long as the Nile. / There is no river in the world as long as the Nile.

2. one of the / most other / Very few / There are(were) very few
one of the -est N / -er than most other N / Very few N(s) (are/were) as adj as / There are/were very few N as adj as
* Very few/few/ few other A ; ; *
Eg. Mg Mg is one of the tallest boys in the class. / Mg Mg is taller than most other boys in the class.
Very few boys in the class are as tall as Mg Mg. / There are very few boys in the class as tall as Mg Mg.
English is one of the most useful languages. / English is more useful than most other languages.
Very few languages are as useful as English. / There are very few languages as useful as English.

3. -er/ -ier/ more --- than  not as(so) adj as

Eg. Nyi Nyi is taller than Ko Ko. / Ko Ko is not as tall as Nyi Nyi.
Silver is not as valuable as gold. / Gold is more valuable than silver.

4. (adv) er than  not (v) as adv as

* much –er К# er +# ;) much К#

Eg. Phyu Phyu types faster than Thu Thu. / Thu Thu doesn't type as fast as Phyu Phyu.
A dog cannot run as fast as a horse. / A horse can run faster than a dog.
Si Thu sings more sweetly than Aung Aung. / Aung Aung doesn't sing as sweetly as Si Thu.
* A plane travels much faster than a train. / A train doesn't travel as fast as a plane.

5. (adv) -er than  a/an -(adj)er N than

* Change Verb to Noun / Change Adverb to Adjective / Put Article (a/an) / Construct a/an adj N
Eg. She sings better than her mother. / She is a better singer than her mother.
He runs faster than you do. / He is a faster runner than you are. [* runs К do ? is К are]
He plays the organ better than his mother. / He is a better organ player than his mother.
 96
The Parallel Construction
6. The ( -er, more, less ) S V , the ( -er, more , less ) S V. [The D2 S V, the D2 S V.]
* If, when, but, and, so, or, as К )К *N 2! * * Vbe К# * P.N 2! * * Vbe #&

If a girl is prettier, she is prouder. / The prettier a girl, the proder she is.

* er, more, less 2! &# ( &# (

He wastes more and more, but saves less and less. / The more he wastes, the less he saves.

* many, much, a lot (of) )# more К# A # #&

He sells many books, and he makes much profit. / The more books he sells, the more profit he makes.
If a car is big, it needs a lot of petrol. / The bigger a car, the more petrol it needs.

* not, little, not + much К# less

If you spend much, you will save little. / The more you spend, the less you will save.
If you do not eat much, you will become thin. / The less you eat, the thinner you will become.

* more, less, -er N #& &

As he gets a lot of money, he becomes greedy. / The more money he gets, the greedier he becomes.

* more, less adj/adv К (

If the news is not important, the headline is small. / The less important the news, the smaller the headline.
If he writes carefully, he scores many marks. / The more carefully he writes, the more marks he scores.

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Exercises:
(1) The blue dress is expensive. The red one is equally expensive.
The blue dress --------------------------------------------------------------------.
(2) Mg Mg plays tinnis very well. Ko Ko doesn’t play so well.
Ko Ko doesn’t play --------------------------------------------------------------.
(3) Her sister tried very hard to always come first in class, but she does not.
She did not ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(4) Both Hla Hla and Mya Mya learn equally fast.
Mya Mya learns ------------------------------------------------------------------.
(5) Ni Ni is kind and generous like her mother.
Ni Ni is as -------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(6) Sakura Tower is very high and so is Traders Hotel.
Sakura Tower is ------------------------------------------------------------------.
(7) She smiled sweetly. He also smiled sweetly.
She smiled as ---------------------------------------------------------------------.
(8) He ran faster than his brother.
His brother ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(9) The pen is mightier than the sword.
The sword is ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
(10) It is hotter in May than in February.
It is not ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(11) They received more information than we did.
We did not -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
(12) He has more books than Cho Cho.
Cho Cho does not ---------------------------------------------------------------.
(13) The moon is much smaller than the earth.
The earth is not ------------------------------------------------------------------.
(14) The headmaster reads more books than we do.
We do not ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(15) It is easier to preach than to pracrise.
It is not ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(16) Mya Yeik Nyo is larger than any other hotel in Yangon.
There is no ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(17) Travelling by plane is more convenient than travelling by train.
 97
Travelling by ---------------------------------------------------------------------.
(18) Old people need a lot of care. Children need a lot of care.
Old people ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(19) The movie we saw last night was much more interesting than the one on television.
The movie on television ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
(20) Asia is the biggest continent in the world.
There is no ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(21) Our school is the best in our town.
There is no ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(22) The headmaster is the most active person in the school.
There is no ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(23) Yangon University is the oldest university in Myanmar.
There is no ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(24) Pyin Oo Lwin is the most pleasant town in Upper Myanmar.
No other ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(25) There is no other security device as fireproof as a safe.
A safe is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(26) Pindaya is one of the most beautiful natural caves in Myanmar.
Very few --------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(27) Very few tourist destinations are as popular as Bogyoke market.
Bogyoke market is ---------------------------------------------------------------.
(28) Yangon is the most populated city in Myanmar.
Yangon is more ------------------------------------------. / No other city -------------------------------------------------------------.
(29) She teaches English better than the Headmistress.
She is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
(30) Daw Nann is a better speaker of English than other teachers.
Daw Nann speaks -----------------------------------------------------------------.
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B. Degrees of comparison (2) [From Text]
I. as ---- as ↔ ---er/more ----- than ↔ the ---est/most
Study the following example. [P.N > Proper Noun / C.N > Common Noun]
The Shan State is the largest state in Myanmar. [P.N is the A3 C.N Place.]
The Shan State is larger than any other state in Myanmar. [P.N is A2 than any other C.N Place.]
No other state in Myanmar is as large as the Shan State. [No other C.N Place is as A1 as P.N.]

Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.
1. Yangon is the most populated city in Myanmar.
Yangon is more ________________________.
No other city __________________________.
2. Daw Thuzar is the most patient lady I have ever met.
Daw Thuzar is more _________________________.
No other lady ______________________________.
3. No other boy in the class is as bad as Pauk Pauk.
Pauk Pauk is ____________________________.
Pauk Pauk is the _________________________.
4. My computer is the best in the department.
No other computer ___________________.
My computer is ______________________.
5. This old building is the ugliest in the street.
No other building ____________________.
This old building _____________________.

II. The ---- est/most → There is no as ---- as

Study the following example.
The headmaster is the most active person in the school. [P.N is the A3 C.N Place.]
There is no person in the school as active as the headmaster. [There is no C.N Place as A1 as P.N.]
 98
Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.
1. Asia is the biggest continent in the world.
There is no _________________________.
2. U Shwe Win is the most reliable person in the organization.
There is no _______________________________________.
3. Our school is the best in our town.
There is no ___________________.
4. That bank is the highest building in the street.
There is no ____________________________.
5. Myanmar is the biggest country on the mainland Southeast Asia.
There is no ___________________________________________.

III. One of the --- est/most↔ ---er/more--- than ↔ as --- as

Study the following example.
Taman Negara is one of the most famous natural parks in the world. [P.N is one of the A3 C.N(Plural) Place.]
Taman Negara is more famous than most other natural parks in the world. [P.N is A2 than most other C.N Place.]
Very few natural parks in the world are as famous as Taman Negara. [Very few C.N(Plural) Place are as A1 as P.N.]
There are very few natural parks in the world as famous as Tama Negara. [There are very few C.N(Plural) Place as A1 as P.N.]

Exercise: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.
1. Ngwesaung is one of the most pleasant beach resorts in Myanmar.
Ngwesaung is more ______________________________________.
Very few beach resorts in Myanmar are______________________.
There are very few beach resorts ___________________________.
2. “Titanic” is more fascinating than most other films I have ever seen.
“Titanic” is ______________________________________________.
Very few films ___________________________________________.
There are very few films ___________________________________.
3. Very few persons I have known are as systematic as U Myo.
U Myo is ________________________________________.
U Myo is more ___________________________________.
There are very few persons _________________________.
4. There are very few paintings in the world as valuable as Mona Lisa.
Mona Lisa is ____________________________________________.
Mona Lisa is more _______________________________________.
Very few paintings _______________________________________.
5. English is one of the most useful languages in the world.
English is more _________________________________.
Very few ______________________________________.
There are very few ______________________________.

***With Love, Saya Bo***