cÖkœ 71| †Kv‡bv †ZRw¯Œq c`v‡_©i Aa©Rxeb 30 w`b n‡j ÿq

1
aªæeK wbY©q K‡iv| cÖv_wgK cigvYyi msL¨vi 8 Ask ÿq n‡Z
KZ mgq jvM‡e?
mgvavbt GLb, cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq t n‡j
N
N0
=e−λ t GLv‡b, Aa©Rxeb, T 1
2
=30 d

7 − λt 0.693 0.693
λ =0.0231 d
ev, 8
=e ∴ ÿq aªæeK, T1
=
30 d
2

7
ev, ln ( 8 )=− λ t 1 7
evKx _v‡K ¿ ( 1− 8 )= 8 Ask

ev, t=
ln ( 78 ) d
∴
N 7
=
N0 8
−0.0231

¿ 5.78 d

AZGe, ÿq aªæeK −0.0231 Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq 5.78 d

cÖkœ 72| †Kv‡bv †ZRw¯Œq †iWb bgybv †_‡K 60 % ÿq n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
†iW‡bi Aa©Rxeb 3.4 w`b]
mgvavbt GLv‡b, Aa©Rxeb T 12 =3.4 d
0.693 0.693
λ = =0.2038 d−1
∴ Aeÿq ayªeK, T1 3.4 d
2

Aewkó _v‡K N=N 0 Gi 40 %

40
ev, N=N 0 × 100
N 2
ev, =
N0 5

GLb, cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq t n‡j,

N
=e−λ t
N0

2 −0.2038× t
ev, 5
=e

2
ev, ln 5 −0.2038 ×t
2
ln
ev, t=
5
d=4.49 d
−0.2038
 m~Î 8| cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡mi fiÎæwU I eÜbkw³ wbY©q
m~Î cÖZxK cwiwPwZ GKK
E=¿ eÜb kw³ Ryj ( J )

8. E=∆ m× c 2 ∆ m=¿ fi ÎæwU wK‡jvMÖvg (kg)

c=¿ Av‡jvi †eM wgUvi/‡m. (m s−1)

cÖkœ 73| GKwU wnwjqvg wbDwK¬qv‡mi ¿ fiÎæwU I eÜb kw³

wbY©q K‡iv|
[GKwU †cÖvU‡bi fi, m =1.672 ×1 0 kg GKwU wbDUª‡bi fi,
p
−27

m =1.674 × 10 kg Ges wnwjqvg wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖK…Z fi, 6.644 × 10 ]

−27 −27
0 kg

4
mgvavbt wnwjqvg ( 2 H e ) wbDwK¬qv‡m ‡cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ 2,
wbDUªb msL¨v ( 4−2 )=2
∴ ‡cÖvU‡bi fi ¿ 2 ×1.672× 1 0 −27
kg=3.344 ×1 0−27 kg

wbDUª‡bi fi 2 ×1672× 1 0 −27

kg=3.348× 10−27 kg

∴ †gvU fi ( 3.344+3.348 ) × 10 −27

kg=6.692 ×1 0−27 kg

wKš‘ wnwjqvg wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖK…Z fi ¿ 6.644 ×1 0 −27

kg

∴ fiÎæwU, ∆ m=( 6.692−6.644 ) ×1 0 −27

kg=0.048 ×1 0−27 kg

eÜb kw³, E=∆ m× c 2

¿ 0.048 ×1 0−27 ׿

[GLv‡b Av‡jvi †eM, c=3 × 10 m s ] 8 −1

¿ 4.32 ×1 0−12 J

cÖkœ 74| 3 Li 7 wbDwK¬qv‡mi fi NvUwZ I eÜbkw³ wbY©q Ki|

¿ 1.008665 a . m. u .
cÖkœ 75| α KYvi eÜb kw³ wbY©q K‡iv|
¿
cÖkœ 76| 0 wbDwK¬qv‡mi eÜb kw³ 127 MeV n‡j wbDwK¬qv‡mi
16

fi wbY©q K‡iv| ‡cÖvUb I wbDUª‡bi fi h_vµ‡g 1.007285 u Ges

m~Î 9| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi GK Kÿc‡_i e¨vmv‡a©i mvnv‡h¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
Kÿc‡_i e¨vmva© wbY©q
m~Î cÖZxK cwiwPwZ GKK
cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi
r 1=¿

e¨vmva©
r =n Zg K‡ÿi e¨vmva©
3. r =n r
n
2
1
2
wgUvi (m)
n=¿ ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v
cÖkœ 77| (K) †`LvI †h, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi wØZxq I Z…Zxq
K‡ÿi e¨vmva© cÖ_g K‡ÿi e¨vmv‡a©i h_vµ‡g Pvi ¸Y I bq ¸Y|
(L) nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi cÖ_g ‡evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva© 0.53 ×1 0 −10
m |
wØZxq I Z…Zxq K‡ÿi e¨vmva© KZ?
(K) Avgiv Rvwb,
n 2 h2 ϵ 0
¯’vqx Kÿc‡_i e¨vmva©, rn =
πme 2
................ (1)
h2ϵ 0
∴ r 1= .................... (2)
πm e2

(1) bs mgxKiY‡K (2) bs mgxKiY Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,

r n =n2 r 1

n=2 n‡j, r =4 r
2 1

n=3 n‡j, r =9 r
3 1

myZivs nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi wØZxq I Z…Zxq K‡ÿi e¨vmva©

cÖ_g K‡ÿi e¨vmv‡a©i h_vµ‡g Pvi¸Y I bq¸Y| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

(L) GLv‡b, cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©, r =0.53× 10 1

−10
m

∴ wØZxq †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©,

r 2=5 × 0.53× 1 0−10 m=2.21× 10−10 m

∴ Z…Zxq †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©,

r 3=9 ×0.53 ×1 0−10 m=4.77 × 10−10 m
cÖkœ 78| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi †evi K‡ÿi cÖaœ †Kvqv›Ug
msL¨v †ei Ki hvi e¨vmva© 0.0100 mm| GB Ae¯’vh GKwU
nvB‡WÖv‡Rb cigvYyi kw³ KZ? cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva© 0.53 A
Ges f~wg Ae¯’vq 13.6 eV |
GLv‡b, cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©,
mgvavbt Avgiv Rvwb,
r 1=0.53 Å=0.53 ×1 0−10 m
2
r 0 =n r 1

r
n Zg K‡ÿi e¨vmva©, r =0.0100 mm 0

∴ n= 0
√
r1
f~wg Ae¯’vq kw³, E =−13.6 eV 1

0.0100 × 10−3 m
¿
√ 0.53 ×1 0−18 m
cÖavb †Kvqv›Ug msL¨v n=?
¿ 434. n Zg Ae¯’vq kw³, E =? 0

E 1 −13.6 eV
Avevi, E = n 0 2
= ¿¿

AZGe, cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v I kw³ h_vµ‡g 434 I 7.22 ×1 0 −5

eV

cÖkœ 79| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi †evi K‡ÿi †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v †ei

Ki hvi e¨vmva© 13.25 μm|GB Ae¯’vq GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi
kw³ KZ? cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva© 0.53 Å Ges f‚wg Ae¯’vq kw³
−13.6 eV |

mgvavbt GLv‡b, cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©,

r 1=0.53 Å=0.53 ×1 0−18 m

n Zg K‡ÿi e¨vmva©, r =13.25 μm=13.25 ×1 0 0

−6
m

f‚wg Ae¯’vi kw³, E=−13.6 eV

‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v, n=?
n Zg Ae¯’vq kw³, E =? n
 Avgiv Rvwb, r =n r n
2
1

rn 13.25× 10−6 m
ev, n=
√ √
r1
=
0.53 ×1 0−10 m
=500

E 1 −13.6 eV
Avevi, E = nn 2
= ¿¿

¿−5.44 ×1 0−5 eV

AZGe, kw³i gvb −5.44 ×1 0 −5

eV |

m~Î 10| B‡jKUª‡bi GK Kÿc_ †_‡K Ab¨ Kÿc‡_ ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii d‡j wbtm„Z
wewKi‡Yi K¤úv¼ wbY©q
m~Î cÖwZK cwiwPwZ GKK
∫ =¿ K¤úv¼ Hz
me 4 1 1
10. ∫=
2−2
2 3 2
(
− 2
8 ϵ 0 h n 1 n2
2 4
) m=¿ B‡jKUª‡bi fi kg
2 K me 1 1
∫=
h3 ( 2
− 2
n1 n 2 ) B‡jKUª‡bi
e=¿
Kzj¤^ (c )
Avavb

cÖkœ 80| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi B‡jUªb Z…Zxq Kÿc_ †_‡K Zi½

‰`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| G wewKiY Kx †Pv‡L †`Lv hv‡e?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, k =9 ×1 0 9
N m2 C2

cvigvYweK msL¨v, Z=1

wØZxq Kÿc_, n =2 1

Z…Zxq Kÿc_, n =3 2

B‡jKUª‡bi fi, m=9.1×1 0 −31

kg

B‡jKUª‡bi ZwoZvavb, e=1.6 ×1 0 −19

C

cø¨v‡¼i aªæeK, h=6.63 ×1 0 −34

J −s
Avgiv Rvwb, wewKi‡Yi K¤úv¼,
2 π 2 k 2 Z 2 me 4 1 1
∫=
h 3
( 2
− 2
n1 n 2 )
∴ ∫ =2 π 2 ׿ ¿

¿ 4.54 × 1 014 Hz

Avevi, c= ∫ λ
c 3 ×1 08 m s−1
∴ λ= =
−7
14
=6.6 × 10 m
∫ 4.54 × 10 Hz

‡h‡nZz Zi½‰`N©¨ `„k¨gvb Av‡jvK Zi½ mxgvi g‡a¨ myZivs G

wewKiY †Pv‡L †`Lv hv‡e|

m~Î 11| B‡jKUª‡bi ˆiwLK †eM wbY©q

m~Î cÖwZK cwiwZwP GKK

B‡jKUª‡bi ˆiwLK
v=¿ wgUvi †m‡KÛ-
1 (m s−1)
†eM
nh m=¿ B‡jKUª‡bi fi wK‡jvMÖvg
11. v=
2 πmr (kg)
r =¿ Kÿc‡_i e¨vmva© wgUvi (m)
h=¿ cø¨v‡¼i aªæeK Ryj †m‡KÛ
( J −s)
cÖkœ 81| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi cÖ_g Kÿc‡_i e¨vmva© 0.53 ×1 0 m| G −10

ÿc‡_ B‡jKUªbwUi †eM KZ n‡j wbDwK¬qv‡mi AvKl©‡Y GwU

wbDwK¬qv‡mi Dc‡i G‡m co‡e bv?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, e¨vmva©, r =0.53× 1 0 −10
m

B‡jKUª‡bi fi, m=9.1×1 0 −31

kg

cø¨v‡¼i aªæeK, h=6.63 ×1 0 −34

J −s

cÖ_g Kÿc‡_, n=1

B‡jKUª‡bi ˆiwLK †eM, v=?
Avgiv Rvwb, B‡jKUª‡bi ˆiwLK †eM,
nh 1 ×6.63 ×1 0−34
v= = m s−1
2 πmr 2 π ×(9.1 ×1 0−31)×(0.53 ×1 0−10 )

¿ 2.19 ×1 06 m s−1

AZGe, B‡jKUª‡bi †eM 2.19 ×1 0 m s | 6 −1

cÖkœ 82| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi wØZxq †evi K‡ÿ B‡jKUª‡bi `ªæwZ

wbY©q K‡iv|
mgvavbt GLv‡b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rbi cvigvYweK fi, Z=1

ZwoZvavb, e=1.6 ×1 0 −19

C

‡f`b‡hvM¨Zv, ϵ =8.85 ×1 0
0
−12
c 2 N −1 m−2

wØZxq K‡ÿ, n=2

cø¨v‡¼i aªæeK, h=6.63 ×1 0 −34
J −s

`ªæwZ, v =? 2

Avgiv Rvwb,
Z e2
v= =1× ¿¿
2 ϵ 0 nh

¿ 1.1× 1 06 ms−1

AZGe, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi wØZxq †evi K‡ÿ B‡jKUª‡bi `ªæwZ

1.1 ×1 06 m s−1
 m~Î 12| wiWevM© aªæe‡Ki gvb wbY©q
m~Î cÖZxK cwiwPwZ GKK
R=¿ wiWevM©
wgUvi-1 (m−1 )
aªæeK
k =¿ civ‰e`y¨wZK wbDUb wgUvi2 Kzj¤^
k2 e4 m
12. R=
4 π h3 c aªæeK ( N m2 c −2 )

c=¿ Av‡jvi †eM wgUvi †m‡KÛ-1 (m s−1)

m=¿ B‡jKUª‡bi fi wK‡jvMÖvg (kg)

cÖkœ 83| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi †ÿ‡Î wiWevM© aªæe‡Ki gvb

wbY©q K‡iv|
mgavbt Avgiv Rvwb, civ‰e`y¨wZK aªæeK, k =9 ×1 0 9
N m2 c−2

B‡jKUª‡bi Avavb, e=1.6 ×1 0 −19

C

B‡jKUª‡bi fi, m=9.1×1 0 −31

kg

cø¨v‡¼i aªæeK, h=6.63 ×1 0 −34

J −s

Av‡jvi †eM, c=3 × 10 m s

8 −1

wiWevM© aªæeK, R=?

Avgiv Rvwb,
k2 e4 m
R=
4 π h3 c

¿( 9× 1 09)׿ ¿

¿ 4.3 × 10 4 m−1

AZGe, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi †ÿ‡Î wiWevM© aªæe‡Ki gvb

4.3 × 10 m |
4 −1
cÖkœ 84| `ywU fvix nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi wbDwK¬qvm hy³ n‡q
wnwjqvg wbDwK¬qvm MVb Ki‡j wbM©Z wdDkb kw³ KZ n‡e?
2
fvix nvB‡Wªv‡Rb (1 H ) Gi fi 2.01478 u Ges wnwjqAg cigvYyi fi 4.00388 u
|
2
mgvavbt GLv‡b, fvix nvB‡Wªv‡Rb (1 H ) Gi fi 2.01478 u 2wU fvix
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Gi fi ¿ 2 ×2.01478 u=4.02956 u
wnwjqvg cigvYyi fi 4.00388 u
fi cv_©K¨ ¿ ( 4.02956−4.00388 ) u=0.02568 u
¿ 0.02568 ×1.66054 × 10−27 kg

¿ 4.26 × 10−29 kg

∴ wbM©Z wdDkb kw³ ¿ m c 2

¿ 4.26 × 10−29 kg × ¿

−12 3.38× 10−12

¿ 3.38 ×1 0 J= eV
1.60218 × 10−19

¿ 23.905 ×1 06 eV

¿ 23.905 MeV

AZGe, wbM©Z wdDkb kw³ 23.905 MeV |

cÖkœ 85| wb¤œwjwLZ wdkvb wewµqvq wbM©Z kw³i cwigvY
†ei K‡iv: U +n →140 Ce= Zr =2n †hLv‡b, U Gi fi 235.04392u , Ce Gi fi
235 94 235 140

139.90543 u, Zr Gi fi 93.90631 u Ges n Gi fi 1.008665 u|

94

mgvavbt GLv‡b, 235

U Gi fi 235.04392u
140
Ce Gi fi 139.90543 u
94
Zr Gi fi 93.90631 u
n Gi fi 1.008665 u
wdkb wewµqvi c~‡e© †gvU fi ¿ M ( 235
U ) + M (n)

¿ 235.04392+1.008665

¿ 236.0526 a . m. n

wdkb wewµqvi c‡i †gvU fi ¿ M ( 140

Ce ) + ( 94 Zr ) +2 M (n)

¿ 139.90543 u+93.90631u−2 ×1.008665

¿ 235.82907

fi cv_©K¨ ¿ 236.0526−235.82907=0.22353
∴ mgZzj¨ kw³ ¿ 0.22353 ×931.5 MeV =208.2 MeV
cÖkœ 86| †cÖvU‡bi fi 1.00728 u Ges wbDUª‡bi fi 1.00865 u n‡j 35
17 Cl Gi
fiÎæwU I eÜb kw³ wbY©q K‡iv| [ Cl Gi fi 34.96885 u ] 35
17

mgvavbt GLv‡b, †cÖvU‡bi fi, M =1.00728 u p

wbDUª‡bi fi, M =1.00865 u

n

17 wU †cÖvU‡bi fi ¿ 1.00728 ×17 u=17.12376 u

18 wU wbDUª‡bi fi ¿ 18 ×1.00865 u=18.1557 u
(17wU ‡cÖvUb+18wU wbDUªb) Gi fi ¿(17.12376+ 18.1557)u
¿ 35.27946 u

35
17 Cl wbDwK¬qv‡mi fi ¿ 34.9685 u
∴ fiÎæwU ev` ¿ ( 35.27946−34.9685 ) u=0.31061u
∴ †gvU eÜb kw³ ¿ 0.31061 ×931.5 MeV
¿ 289.33 MeV

cÖkœ 87| cÖwZ wdk‡b 200 MeV kw³ wbM©Z n‡j 10 MW ÿgZv
Dvrcv`‡b cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û KZwU wdkb n‡Z n‡e?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, Drcw`Z ÿgZv, P=10 MW =10 ×1 0 W 6

¿ 10 ×1 06 J /s

10× 10 6
¿ eV /s
1.6× 1 0−19

¿ 6.25 ×1 025 eV /s

cÖwZ wdk‡b wbM©Z kw³ ¿ 200 MeV =200× 10 eV 6

6.25× 10 25
∴ cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û wdk‡bi msL¨v ¿
200 ×1 0 6
=3.125 ×1 0
17
cÖkœ 88| Be ( p , n ) Y wewµqvwU c~Y© K‡iv Ges D³ wewµqvi m~Pb
9
4

kw³ wbY©q K‡iv| [ †`Iqv Av‡Q,

Q=−1.8789 MeV , M ( Be ) =9.016190 u , M =1.007285u ]
9
4 p

mgvavbt wewµqvwU n‡jv 9

4 Be + P → 85B+ 01n

Zvckw³, Q=−1.8789 MeV

cÖwÿß KYvi fi, m =1.007285 u a

jÿ wbDwK¬qv‡mi fi, m =9.016190u x

m~Pb kw³, E th =?

m a+ m x
Avgiv Rvwb, Eth =−Q
mx

1.007285u+ 9.016190u
¿−(−1.8789 MeV ) ×
9.016190 u

¿ 2.089 MeV

AZGe, m~Pb kw³i gvb 2.089 MeV |

cÖkœ 89| T H ‡ZRw¯Œq AvB‡mv‡Uvc cici 6wU AvjdvKYv I 4 wU

90
232

weUv KYv wbtm„Z K‡i| Gi d‡j Drcbœ AvB‡mv‡Uv‡ci fi msL¨v I

cvigvYweK msL¨v KZ nq?
mgvavbt Avgiv Rvwb,
1wU Avjdv KYv wbtmi‡Y cvigvYweK msL¨v 2Ges fi msL¨v 4 K‡g
∴ 6wU Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó 1 Ó Ó 54 Ó
Avevi, 1wU weUv KYv wbtmi‡Y cvigvYweK msL¨v 1 e„w× cv‡e Ges
fimsL¨v 1 e„w× cv‡e|
∴ 4 wUweUv KYv wbtmi‡Y cvigvYweK msL¨v 4 e„w× cv‡e Ges fi
msL¨v 4 e„w× cv‡e|
∴ Drcbœ AvB‡mv‡Uv‡ci fi msL¨v n‡e ¿ 232−24 +4=121
cÖkœ 90| †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i Aa©vqy 5 eQi| H c`v‡_©j †Kv‡bv
e¯‘L‡Ûi 15 eQi ci KZ Ask ÿq cv‡e?
mgvavbt †h‡nZz, c`v_©~wUi Aav©qy 5eQi|
1
‡m‡nZz, 5eQi ci c`v‡_©i cwigvY kZvs‡k ¿ 2 ×100=50
Abyiƒcfv‡e,
1
10 eQi ci c`v‡_©i cwigvY kZvs‡ki 2
×50=25

1
Ges 15 eQi ci Aewkó c`v‡_©i cwigvY 2
×25=12.5

Zvn‡j 15 eQi ci ÿqcÖvß Ask kZvs‡k ¿ ( 100−12.5 ) %=87.5 %

AZGe, ÿqcÖvß Ask 87.5 %|

cÖkœ 91| 1 amu f‡ii mgZyj¨ kw³ eV GK‡K cÖvKvk K‡iv|

mgvavbt GLv‡bg fi, m=1 amu=1.66057 ×1 0 −27
kg

Av‡jvi e‡M, c=2.9979× 10 m s 8 −1

eV GK‡K kw³, E=?

Avgiv Rvwb,
E=mc 2

¿ 1.66057 ×1 0−27 ׿

¿ 9.33 ×1 08 eV ¿ Øviv fvM K‡i]

wb‡Y©q kw³i cwigvY 9.33 eV |
cÖkœ 92| 1 MÖvg f‡ii mgZzj¨ kw³ MeV †Z wbY©q K‡iv|
mgvavbt GLv‡b, fi, m=1 g=1 ×1 0 −3
kg

Av‡jvi e‡M, c=2.9979× 10 m s 8 −1

kw³, E=?
Avgiv Rvwb, E=mc =1 ×1 0 2 −3
kg ¿

¿ 8.98 ×1 013 J

8.98× 1 013
¿ eV
1.6 ×1 0−19

¿ 5.61× 1 032 eV

5.61×1 032 6
¿ 6
MeV [∵ 1 MeV =1 0 eV ]
10

¿ 5.61× 1 026 MeV

AZGe, mgZzj¨ kw³i cwigvY 5.61 ×1 0 26

MeV |

cÖkœ 93| wb‡Pi cigvYy¸‡jvi B‡jKUªb, ‡cÖvUb I wbDUªb

msL¨v wbY©q K‡iv| (K) C , (L) N (M) H 6(N) 12
7
14
1
2
1 H3

mgvavbt GLv‡b, (K) 6 C 12

‡cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ 6 B‡jKUªb msL¨v ¿ 6 wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ 12−6=6

(L) 7 N 14

‡cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ 7 B‡jKUªb msL¨v ¿ 7 wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ 14−7=7

(M) 1 H2

‡cÖvUb msL¨v 1 B‡jKUªb msL¨v ¿ 1 wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ 2−1=1

(N) 1 H3

‡cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ 1 B‡jKUªvb msL¨v ¿ 1 wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ 3−1=2

cÖkœ 94| A¨vjywgwbqAg wbDwK¬qv‡mi ms‡KZ A l | GB 13
27

wbDwK¬qv‡mi †cÖvUb msL¨v, fimsL¨v I cvigvYweK msL¨v

KZ?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi ms‡KZ 13 A l27

‡cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ B‡jKUªb msL¨v ¿ 13

∴ wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ ( 27−13 )=14
fi msL¨v ¿ 27
cvigvYweK msL¨v ¿ 13

cÖkœ 95| wewµqv¸‡jvi Q gvb wbY©q K‡iv : (K) 12

6 C ( d , p ) 136C (L)
N ( p , γ ) o (M) Nb ( p , d) Nb |
14 15 93 92
7 8 41 4

mgvavbt
(K) 12
6 C ( d , p ) 136C (L) 14
7 N ( p , γ ) 158o (M) 93
41 Nb ( p , d) 924 Nb

Q= [ M p + M 13 12
6 C ) −M 2 H + M 6 C ¿

ev, Q=(931 × ∆ m) MeV

Dc‡iv³ m~‡Î cÖwZwU As‡ki fi amu GK‡K ewm‡q Q-Gi gvb MeV
GK‡K wbY©q Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ 96| †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Aa©vqy 1500 eQi| KZ w`b ci g~j As‡ki
A‡a©K n‡e?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, Aa©vqy, T =1500 y
g~j As‡ki A‡a©K n‡Z mgq jvM‡e Aa©vqyi mgvb mgq|
A_©vr, 1500 ×365 y=5.475 ×1 0 5
y

cÖkœ 97| Ac , Li , He , H ‡gŠj¸‡jvi †Kvb wbDwK¬qv‡m †cÖvUb I

13
21
7
3
4
2
1
1

wbDUªb msL¨A mgvb?

mgvavbt 4
2 He †gŠ‡ji wbDwK¬qv‡mi †cÖvUb msL¨v ¿ 2
4
2 He †gŠ‡ji wbDwK¬qv‡mi fimsL¨v ¿ 4
4
2 †gŠ‡ji wbDwK¬qv‡mi wbDUªb msL¨v ¿ fi msL¨v −¿ ‡cÖvUb
He

msL¨v
∴ 42 He †gŠ‡ji wbDwK¬qv‡mi †cÖvUb I wbDUªb msL¨v mgvb|