MILITAR UNIVERSITY OF NEW GRANADA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

TEACHER:

PEDRO NEL MARTINEZ HENAO

STUDENT:

JINETH VANESSA CARDENAS PINZÓN

ZIPAQUIRA, CUNDIMARCA

10 FEBRERO 2020

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 1. METALLURGY

Metallurgy consists in obtaining and treating metals from metallic minerals. This, in turn, takes
advantage of science, technology and art to obtain metals, starting from mines, in an efficient
and economical way, in order to adapt resources for the benefit of the development of society.

It is essential to know from the study: the composition of the minerals, of the flows in general,
the condition of the fuels, the shape and dimensions that are most convenient at the time of
making mixtures in the oven. (ECURED, s.f.)

Certain metals have very particular characteristics such as:

 Conduct heat or electricity

 They are easily converted to wire
 Some are resistant to breakage
 Others show impressive strength when combined with other elements.

-Siderurgy

The steel industry is based on the treatment of iron ore to obtain different types of alloys such
as steel. The iron ore transformation process begins from its extraction in the mines.

The steel industry, in general, works with iron in the form of carbonate, hydroxide or oxide.
The different processes to which iron is subjected make it possible to obtain very important
products at an industrial level, such as steel. (WIKIPEDIA, 2020)

Through separation by density or magnetization, the steel industry manages to separate the
components of the rocks that do not serve it (known as bargains) and keep the iron ore. For the
production of steel, this mineral is first converted into pig iron.

-Difference between metallurgy and Steel.

The difference between metallurgy and steel is that metallurgy is characterized by the
extraction of metals from minerals, in addition, this seeks to act against the corrosion of
metallic and nonmetallic minerals. (Minero, 2019) (alsimet, 2019)

Instead, the steel industry deals with the extraction of metals from its minerals, its fusions,
alloys and finally presenting metal ingots.

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 1. BRASS

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc in proportions that will be determined by the properties
necessary for its application. It is produced by the fusion of copper with calamine, which is a
mineral present in zinc.

It is called as brass, all copper and zinc alloys with more than 50% copper by weight. In fact,
the brass family is the one with the highest volume produced among copper alloys. They can
also include other metals, such as lead, which will provide other qualities; for example, due to
its lubricating effect, the wear of the cutting tool decreases. (alsimet, 2019)

Consequently, the composition of the brass will determine its mechanical characteristics, its
ease to melt and to conform through different systems (machining, casting, forging, die
cutting).

The machining process consists of forming parts through different material removal operations.
Despite presenting a hardness greater than that of copper, brass is easy to machine, punch and
melt. This makes it very used in the industry of decoletaje, since with its machining parts of
great precision and quality are achieved without involving significant wear on the tools.
(alsimet, 2019)

2. TECHNIQUES TO SEPARATE THE ORE FROM THE BARGAIN.

First we have to extract the rock of the quarry, then, the rock contain ore as also scrap, which
are components that we dont want, so we have to separate both of them. There are 2 kind of
separation for this situation. (Búa, 2014)

1. Magnetization: The rock has to be crushed and it has to pass for a magnetic field, so the
components that have iron are atractted and the others components such as the scrap
nothing happens with them.
2. Density separation: Its the same thing with the magnetization, the rock has to be crush,
but when its crushed, it gets into the wáter and for the reason that the iron must have
different density that the others components like the scrap, both will separate. (Búa,
2014)

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 References
alsimet. (19 de Septiembre de 2019). Alsimet. Obtenido de Alsimet: http://alsimet.es/es/noticias/como-
es-el-mecanizado-del-laton-y-cuales-son-sus-ventajas

Búa, M. T. (30 de Abril de 2014). Xunta de Galicia. Obtenido de Xunta de Galicia:

https://www.edu.xunta.es/espazoAbalar/sites/espazoAbalar/files/datos/1464947174/contido/4
21_obtencin_del_mineral_de_hierro.html

ECURED. (s.f.). Obtenido de ECURED: https://www.ecured.cu/Metalurgia

LASTARRIA, W. (22 de Septiembre de 1892). CEC. Obtenido de CEC:

https://www.cec.uchile.cl/~bibliofcfm3/sites/default/files/249-270.pdf

Minero, T. (31 de Octubre de 2019). Tiempo Minero. Obtenido de Tiempo Minero:

https://camiper.com/tiempominero/metalurgia-cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-metalurgia-y-
siderurgia/

WIKIPEDIA. (19 de Enero de 2020). Obtenido de WIKIPEDIA:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderurgia