Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr.

Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5
PROSTHODONTICS
Criteria for special tray construction:-
1) The impression tray must not impinge upon movable structures.
2) The border must be under extended (4-5mm).
3) The posterior limits of the impression tray should be slightly over-extended to ensure
inclusion of posterior detail for development of the post-dam area in upper tray.
4) The tray should be rigid and of sufficient thickness that it will not fracture during its
use (less viscous material, more accurately adapted tray).
5) Reduce costs - less impression material (expensive) is use.
6) Allow for accuracy by molding the border, resulting in improved retention.

Objective of Custom Tray

• Strong.
• Adjustable.
• Comfortable.
The custom tray should be both strong and adjustable.
• The tray must have a handle for manipulation, and the handle must not interfere with
functional movement of the oral structures.
• The tray must be smooth on its exposed surface, and should have no sharp corner or
edges which would injure the patient.

Purpose of Custom Tray

1. Minimize impression material distortion (uniform thickness, rigid tray).
2. Prevent tissue distortion dimensional changes that can occur in the setting
impression material and due to the dentist’s finger pressure during the set. It
needs to be readily adjustable in order to achieve a suitable and comfortable
fit to the patient’s oral anatomy in a timely manner. These features will
ultimately provide the patient with a comfortable, custom-made impression
tray.
Fabrication of the Custom Impression Tray
Armamentarium for the self-curing methyl methacrylate custom
impression tray include:
• Base plate wax and knife.

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 Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5
• Separating fluid and brush.
• Auto polymerizing acrylic resin.
• Spatula and mixing container.
• Tray former and roller.
• Wax knife.
• Straight angle and carbide acrylic trimming burs.
Light-cured sheets of composite resin can also be used in place of the methyl
methacrylate. One advantage to this material is the absence of chemical
fumes. Disadvantages include somewhat greater cost; also, the debris formed
from trimming light-cured materials is tenacious to clothing and surfaces in
the dental operatory and laboratory and more difficult to contain.

Dental impression: Is an imprint or negative likeness of the teeth and/or edentulous

area and adjacent areas.
Complete denture impression: It is a negative registration of the entire denture
bearing, stabilizing and seal areas of either the maxilla or mandible.

Objectives of impression making:-

1) Retention.
2) Stability.
3) Support for denture.
4) Support for esthetic.
5) Preservation of the residual alveolar ridge and soft tissue.

1. Retention:- is the resistance of the denture to remove from the mouth by resisting
displacement force at right angle to the occlusal plane.
2. Stability:- is the quality of prosthesis to be firm, steady or constant to resist
displacement by functional horizontal or rotational movement.
3. Support:- is the quality of prosthesis to resist displacement from the denture
supporting foundation; therefore, the greater the amount of area covered, the greater
the support.

Primary impression:- It is a negative likeness made for the purpose of diagnosis,

treatment planning, or the fabrication of a tray. It is the first impression made for the

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Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5
patient and from which the study cast was produced. A stock tray obtained this
impression.

Materials used for making primary impression:-

1- Impression compound.
2- Alginate impression material.
3- Rubber base impression materials.

Production of study model or primary cast:-

The study cast is produced by pouring the primary impression (after beading and
boxing) with plaster that was mixed by the saturation method in the rubber bowel.
When plaster become hard, the cast is separated from the impression by the use of hot
water (55◦C – 60◦C). When using very hot water, the impression compound will be
sticky and it will be difficult to remove from the cast. On the study cast construct the
special tray or individual tray which is use to make final impression.

Secondary or final impression:-

Final impression in general:- The impression that represents the completion of the
registration of the surface or object.
Final impression for edentulous patient:- That use for complete denture
construction:- it is the negative registration of the entire denture bearing, stabilizing
area and border seal area of the mandible and maxilla.
Final impression is use for making the master cast.
Final impression must be poured with stone material to produce the master cast.

Materials used for final impression:-

1- Zinc-oxide Eugenol impression material or paste. (Z.O.E)
2- Alginate impression material.
3- Impression plaster.
4- Elastomers impression materials (a- poly sulphide "rubber base" b- poly ether c-
silicon).
5- Waxes.

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Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5
The techniques used for making final impression:-
1- Mucostatic impression technique (non pressure technique).
2- Function Impression technique (pressure technique).
3- Selective pressure impression technique.

Common faults in impression making:-

1. Poor selection of tray.
2. Insufficient material loaded in the tray.
3. Excessive material loaded in the tray.
4. Failure to press the tray completely to position (insufficient seating
pressure).
5. Excessive seating pressure.
6. Incorrect positioning of the tray before finally seating it.
7. Obstruction of the proper flow of material by lips, cheek, or tongue.

Boxing impression and making the casts:-

Boxing: Is the enclosure of an impression to produce the desired size and form
of the base of the cast and to preserve desired details. Boxing impression can
be used for primary and final impression for complete denture. This procedure
cannot usually be used on impression made from hydrocolloid materials
(alginate) because the boxing wax will not adhere to the impression material
and the impression material (alginate) will be distorted.
Boxing form can be developed around the impression for complete denture to
give the proper form of the cast. A strip of beading wax or boxing wax is
attached all around the outside of the impression border about 1 to 2 mm
below the border and sealed to it by wax knife. Then vertical walls made of
modeling wax attached to the strip wax.
For the lower impression, the tongue space should be filled with sheet of wax.
The length of box wall is about 15mm above the impression and the boxing
wax should extend all around the impression completely and must be sealed
with the strip wax to prevent any escape of stone mixture outside the
impression .Sufficient space must be available posteriorly between the
impression and the boxing to provide suitable thickness for the cast. After
boxing, stone is mixed correctly and poured into the impression (with box),

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Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5
and it should be left for 30 mint to beset and separate the cast from the
impression.
Advantages of boxing:
1- To facilitate pouring the impression with plaster or stone.
2- Produce the desired size and form of the base of the cast (adequate thickness
of the cast).
3- Preserve desired details and borders of the impression.
4- In the lower impression, reproduction of the lingual borders & tongue space
easier.
5- Provide adequate thickness of cast.

Materials used for boxing impression:

1- Beading wax: a strip of wax is attached all the way around the outside of
the impression approximately (1-2 mm) below the border &sealed to it with
wax knife.

Beading wax
2- Boxing wax: a sheet of wax is used to made the vertical walls of the box &
it is attached around the outside of the beading wax strip so that it does not
alter the borders of the impression, the width of the boxing wax is about 10-
15 mm.

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Prosthodontic Assis. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Alfahdawi
Lec. 5

Boxing wax
3- Base plate wax: a sheet of wax can be used to fill the tongue space in the
lower impression that is sealed just below the lingual border of the impression.
Artificial stone is mixed according to manufacturer s direction and sufficient
stone is poured into the final impression so that the base of the cast will be
from 10 - 15 mm in thickness. The cast is called master cast.

A
B

(A & B) Sheet of wax can be used to fill the tongue space in the lower
impression