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Rietveld Applications TR PDF
Rietveld Applications TR PDF
Rietveld Applications TR PDF
method
Thierry Roisnel
Crystal structures
Magnetic structures (neutron data)
Simple problem:
*2
Qhkl = dhkl = h2 a *2 + k 2b*2 + l 2c *2 + 2klb* .c * + 2lhc * .a * + 2hka * .b*
!! . Single phase ?
. Diffractometer zero-shift ?
1.2 Space group determination
. X-rays (conventionnal):
☺ . Instrumental resolution
" weak cell distortions
. Laboratory device
. Form factor:
. decrease with sinθ/λ:
" Low diffracted intensity at high angles
. Increase with Z
" diffracted intensities dominated by “heavy” atoms
. Neutrons : interaction neutron with atom nuclei
. Low absorption:
" experiments versus external parameter (temperature,
pressure)
. Instrumental resolution
(http://www-llb.cea.fr/fullweb/fp2k/fp2k_exercices.htm)
(A ) (A )
Td Oh
2+ 3+ 2+ 3+
1− x Bx x B2−x O4
( A ) (B ) O
Td Oh
2+ 3+
x=0 1 2 4
" direct spinel
(B ) ( A B ) O
Td Oh
3+ 2+ 3+
x=1
1 1 1 4
" inverse spinel
Exercice #1: Analysis of the spinel MgAl2O4
Space Group: F d -3 m
Setting 1:
Tetrahedral A-positions (Mg,Al) 8a (1/4,1/4,1/4)
Octahedral B-positions (Mg,Al) 16d (5/8,5/8,5/8)
Oxygen positions (O) 32e (x,x,x) x=0.386
Setting 2:
Tetrahedral A-positions (Mg,Al) 8a (1/8,1/8,1/8)
Octahedral B-positions (Mg,Al) 16d (1/2,1/2,1/2)
Oxygen positions (O) 32e (x,x,x) x=0.261
Exercice #1: Analysis of the spinel MgAl2O4
. λ = 1.227 Å
. Resolution parameters: U = 0.276, V=0.340, W=0.147
MgAl2O4 exercice
B3+ in Td site
λ=
B3+ total
Winplotr (mgal2o4s)
Introduction of a structural model: Rietveld refinement
!Phase 1: MgAl2O4-sharp
!Nat Dis Ang Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Jbt Irf Isy Str Furth ATZ Nvk Npr More
5 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 7 0
F d –3 m <-- space group symbol
!Atom Typ X Y Z Biso Occ In Fin N_t Spc /Codes
MgA MG 0.12500 0.12500 0.12500 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.00
AlA AL 0.12500 0.12500 0.12500 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -61.00
AlB AL 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.30000 1.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.00
MgB MG 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -61.00
O O 0.26100 0.26100 0.26100 0.60000 4.00000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
mi
-1 at origin: setting 2 ! occi = α .
mg
.Pi
α: coef .
mi : multiplicity of site i
mg : multiplicity of general site
Pi : pourcentage d ' occupation du site i (0.0 − 1.0)
Introduction of a structural model: Rietveld refinement
!Phase 1: MgAl2O4-sharp
!Nat Dis Ang Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Jbt Irf Isy Str Furth ATZ Nvk Npr More
5 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 7 0
F d –3 m <-- space group symbol
!Atom Typ X Y Z Biso Occ In Fin N_t Spc /Codes
Mg_T MG 0.12500 0.12500 0.12500 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.00
Al_T AL 0.12500 0.12500 0.12500 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -61.00
Al_O AL 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.30000 1.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.00
Mg_O MG 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.30000 0.50000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -61.00
O O 0.26100 0.26100 0.26100 0.60000 4.00000 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
spinel AB2O4:
Ω(x )= f (x )⊗ g(x )
Observed profile
Intrinsic profile
Instrumental profile
Micro-structural features:
Nφ
mφ
Sφ mφ Sφ .M φ .Zφ .Vφ
M φ .Zφ .Vφ
with
mφ Mass of the phase φ in the sample
Mφ Molecular weight
mφ Sφ ( ZMV )φ
Wφ = Nφ
= Nφ
∑ m ∑ S .(ZMV )
i =1
i
i =1
i i
3.Quantitative phase analysis in FullProf
∑ i
S
i =1
.( ZMV ) .
i if 2
ti ∑ S ATZ .V
i =1
i i i
with
Sφ Scale factor in FullProf (refinable variable)
mA = mS − mC
Amorphous phase weight Crystalline part
weight
Sample weight
mA mC
=1 −
mS mS
3.Quantitative phase analysis:
determination of an amorphous phase
content ?
N N
For N crystalline phase sample: mC = ∑ mi = k . ∑ Si .M i .Z i .Vi
i =1 i =1
Remarks:
R.J. Hill & C.J. Howard, J. Appl. Cryst. 20, 467-476 (1987)
Quantitative phase analysis from neutron powder diffraction data using the
Rietveld method
D.L. Bish & S.A. Howard, J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 86-91 (1988)
Quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method