Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Boiler Manual Foster Wheeler PDF
Boiler Manual Foster Wheeler PDF
com I
I
I
I
I
BOILER I
I
MANUAL
I
I
I
I
I
.I
I
I
I
I
LMCF00090 I
I
https://boilersinfo.com
https://boilersinfo.com I
I
.I
S.S. SPARTAN, Hull 369 ·.1
and
I
SoS. :SADGER, Hull 370
I
Built F.or
I
CHESAPEAKE and OHI9 RAILWAY 00.
By :_,I
. ·.'
CHRISty CORP.
~I
\;,
. . .. ·, .
. : ~.
:tt-.•
~ '.
..
t(/
\_. FO.$Tlzyl. WHEELER 6JNIRACT :FWB 3370-·3 ~. 3396-•9
··I
l'QSTER WHEELER.. <X>E.PORA!ION
... . .. ·.
I
165 Broadway
I
New York, N.Y ..
I
I
I
... ·.
LMCF00092 ·I
·.·:.'r ·.
I
I .· https://boilersinfo.com
I/,
I~
T ABtE OF CONTENTS
I •
.§ecJ~on.
' . -:
1
https://boilersinfo.com I
( I
I
S~.ct:\·2n
3.-4
I
Iles.criptian of
Qpe:ration
Expan~s I
Maintenance-
ln.stalling and Removing Handh.ole Plugs I
To ~nstall the Lip Typ~ Plug
T-o Install the Taper Plug (no lip)
PtSpe.Cti.qn
I
·r~ Install Ov~l Handhol~ Plugs
t~:~
~-~
\ . -
2• Plugs I
\
LMCF00094 I
I
https://boilersinfo.com
Section
4 .
~
I Gen.eral Description
Refractories for Sectional Head~r Type
tl Steam Generators
Refractory for "P" Type and ·'f.A"· Type
Steam Generators
Cause$ .of Refractory f~ilure
I lnspe.ction .Qf Re.fra.ct.Oz.-y
Repai.rs to Re.fract.ory
I
I " ~
Crosby Safety Valves
I Jerguson Gage Glasses
Vulcan $oot Blowers
Swartwout Feed Water Regulators
Yarway Remote tevel Indicat.QI
I
I
LMCF00095
I fWB -- 3310-3 3396-9
I
https://boilersinfo.com I
. ~~~ I
!!:-" ~yl.vdf~l
I
{
i.
I
-I
.·
_4//
.·
"l('.rs- .(.,¥"' i.•"'b /.{/It)' 11V;;,1t!l'f ~ ~,;¥r) I
I
~~~- I
•.
•
I
I
I
I
LMCF00096 .
I
.
6e"''W~ ~ ;-- CJJ-d{d. ~~of~-
)
iNS&1/.::tie
https://boilersinfo.com
I
I.
I r 4 boilers eaeh ship - 2 right. hand, 2 left hand
Foster-t\'heeler 'TYpe D 2 drum I•'WB 3370-3 and 3396-9. Design
. SOOIJ, operating pressure 160#, .final tamp. 7!tt?P,
feed wate~
I 22~ 1 ya.ar 1950.., !!&ating su.r.i"noes. Boiler · · h47) sq. tt.
ltTatel.• Wal1 )40 sq. ft.
Eoonom:i.zsr 286a sq.. fto
I Total 7675 &qo fto
SUperheater 720 sq. ft.
I Furnace
Orate
volumne
stl.l'>o
880 cu. rt.
101 sq. tt.
Performance
I Total evap: ea. boils r lbs/hr.
fhrperheat.ar outlet 'tetllP•
Total draft loss thru bqiler
or.
inc. grate.e & eQon. R2a 1.7
I~ Ail" temp. -u.nder graws
rtndient hoa.t absorbing surface
100°
32S sq. rt.
mJ/sq.i't. aliA surface 126)000
It Uberatton B'i'O/e11. ft..
Total volUl'4ne
Soot Blowers-Vulcan Model ?•3 sbe 2a
49,3.$0
8)0 • • ft.
""'e indoooo draft fan for ech boiler Frat-Daniel #110 'l'ype 1
I S'1fBI. KWS design vith Nulti-Glone CCJllector f.'OHC-1-70. Belt.
d:riven b7 CJ:'ezo.ry TUrbine.
?t$rtorman - baro~Detrio 30" !{.a.
I· tbas st.a&JI\
lb$ gu per tw.
.30,-ooo
5'2,400
44,000
72,000
i'an de-sign
86L.OO
!!.P.M. 764 1 1 130 1300
~. 340 ~ 41.0
I· d~t
a.H.P.
3.21 6.63 8.2$
28 39. 61.4
I. Oeneral '!'..crulator Combustion Control Eleetronic relay type.
I /. ,. ,. .
(-=~~--
. 0cn'!lpletel:r independent staek duct for each boiler.
I LMCF00097
I
https://boilersinfo.com I
(
~~.
I
I
P,ABT I = OFsGBIPIIPN 9F· STEAM GEJjEBAXQB:p
I
FQSJER.WJil!J;LsllCQNTRACI :&'WB 3~7Q-3 &.3396-9
I
1
1 1
I
TYPE; Foster Wheeler .¢0~ Type JJ?MPERAJYRE.: N'Qrmal Full
m STJFAM . GENE.MtOR. INCl.UPES;
::IT.e:r, Waterwafis, SU'perfieater,
. Pow-er D'eg • F.
Firral temp. at super... .
· he·ater O.u.tlet ........... 750
I
~nomize:r, So.ot Bl-owers, Valve$ lead Water Temperature 225
artd Fittings, p·eed Water Regulato.rs
HEATING SURFACES: SQ. FT.
I
f'Ou.r
(4) Steam Generators are
Installed Per Vessel.· · Stiile~••••~•••••o•oo
Waterwall.~ .. ·o•••~o·
4415
340 I
F.l)Et.; C()al ~co~mi~er ••• o .. ••••• 2&60
[> T·ota.J. Wa t.er Heating
~>
surf a.c e ••• ,... o • • • o
Superheater ••••••••
•• 76.75
720
I
·• J)e·sign • •.~ .......• fl • ••••••••• , 500
·.
Hydrostat~c test •• ,~··~···· 750
1-Iydr:t;~·static t~st for
(!RA,Tit SURFACE i SQ. FT. 101
I
des:uperhea't.ers ••• e 300
0 •••••• " gr00 PER BOlLER;;
·suE·erheate·r Outlet ........... . 450
Safety Valve s~tting
steam drum ................ ~ 415
At steaming Temperature Lbs.
Boil~r Dryo•••••••••l46,970
I
and. o . a . . . . . . . . . . "' • • • 470 Wate.r No.rm:al level •• 16.,500
Sa.f ety Valve Settj,ng
superheater outlet ......... 450
"I:ctal ••.• ,. ••••••••• o .163,47.0 I
Weight.. .of Water Full 20,390
BOILER. PERFQRMAN:(E
I
wruw. MAXIMUM I
Total Evaporation, ea. boil.er lb&/hr '29,500 44,000
Supexheater outlet temperature-De-g. F. 750 760
Feed Temperature - Deg. F.
Total draft loss through hoil.er
225' 225 I
includi.ng grates and economizers H.,O 1.7 3.7
Air temperature under grates- D~g.~. 100 100 I
_1_
LMCF00098 I
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
I (
I· GENERAL. .
,t . .I( s·ecti.on 1-2)
I tYP~
The steam genera~ors on thi.s co.ntract a+e ~f the ·'*'D"'·
design, tw.o left.hand· and two right h.anc:i, designed i.qr
coal :firing. Each steam generator includes a tw.o drum bent
I tube. boiler section{ side waterwalls;: rear waterwalls f c,<m.-
vectJ..,Qn type superheater, and an extended surface e~onomizer.•.
A. desuperheater whi,cl) supp.J.ies low temperature ste~ t~ attxili-
I aries. is instqlleci in the.steam'drum belQW the nc;>;rmal water
level~ - · - · · ·
I .NENT~·
7
Te'cti:ci'l 1-3)
pps
I the nominal insid.e diameter of the steam drum is 48~
with a wrapper sheet 7/8." thick and a'tube sheet 2J2.ic thick.
I The water drum·has an inside diameter .of 30• with a shell
thickness of l-9/16 4 ·• ·
Waterwa*l?
I The furnace. is water cooled on the roQf, side wall and
rear wall with 2:fi tubes. These tubes f.orm heat absorbing sur-
~-~~
~,~
,.----,
\
·~~
2. - LMCF00099
I
FWB 3396.-9
I 3370-3
https://boilersinfo.com I
i'
I
(
faGes which protect refract,o;ry a_nd at: the same time pr:ovide
additi,onal boiler heating surface. I
Circulating water for t.he rear waterwa~l i$ prQyid~d
by m_eans :Of three 4~· 9. ~P-~ feeder t:ub.es ...w}:llch are eXEanded inti,) tAe
lower rearwall header. Two .of these 4!' tt.rbes lead fro.m the ~tea.m.
I
drum~ below the· _water l~?Vel, and _pne 4-'• tube lead·s from the water
drum. · .
I
}'he sid7 waterwall. is supplied by- ~~ans ,Qf five 4'"· p,D~
feeder tubes wh~c.h lead from the water drllJI1. 1:;-Q. si.4!3Wall hea~er.
These side and· rea~a11 feeders are s~own in l\l·art· I; $·ec±io:n. l-f3.
:of this manual qn draw~ng m
5'()0... 4 70. ' .
I
. A tube li~t i,n Part I, Section 1-6 -Qf th~s manual gives
si,ze., nUmber; and quantity of· all tubes installed in these stea I
gene.rat.ors.
F!4rnac
Jl!. .
'i .
. .,
I
The furnace is o£ ample siz~ {~r burning the required
quarttitr of fuel with_Q.Ut e~cessive. heat releaseo T:he side Wall,
.rear wa 1, and r.oof of the furnace are l.i,.ned .with water t'!lbe.s. I
hacked up· by tile, high tempe:rat~e in$ulating- b.t.o:~k, .·min~~al
we.ol blall:ket, and the _o~ter ca.sing. '{he f:r::Qnt wa1.1 -~f the ·ftq;-.
nace is lined with refract_ory bl..o.cks backed \.lp by ~igh tempera-
ture insulatil)g ble~ks 1 arid the casing. ·
I
~~~· I
Drawing »a. lf{ 500... 719 in :Sect,i.Qn 1~8 .of this Jnallllal show.s
~n detail the arrangement nf b~1G.kwork and insulation furnished
on this contract. Ma,intenance .of re£ractl)ry is c..tmtpietely des-
I
cribed in Section ~-1~·
§rtperh~~te; I
in~
The superheater is located the gemerQ.ting tube bank
behi.nd the sc:reen tub_es~ It is a thr·ee-lo9p, fouri'pass type, con.~ ·
sisting of 104 U-bend elements rolled into the superheater headerso ·
I
Each beq_der .. is fitted with a 3/4"'·· ~ain
valve and the
header diaphragms are perforated with a small drainage slot; to
provide ~Qmplete
drainage.
. .I
. The superheater elements are supported by alloy plates
placed parallel. to the gas flow and extending fr~m
the drum
ste~ I
to the water drum. The suppor~
plates are secured to four 3#
c~
t:-;::~'.
\
........ ,.
superheqter support tubes. The superheater elements pass
holes in these·support plates. · I
t~ough
LMCFOOlOO
- 3 -
I
FWB 3370--3
3396-9
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
I
I Steam enters the outboard superheater header at the·bot-
tom, makes four passes through the loops, leaves at the t.op of the
I. outboard headerp and flows to the ma.i~. steam line and deauperhe~ter
inlet. ,..
I betw~en
The 2!' superheater saf.ety valve i$ installed in the piping
the superheater outlet ~d the stop valvea
I··· liconomizet.:
The economizer i.s of the c:ounte.r£low, e:x.tendep surface,
three pas~ type. It consists of a series .of "U~-bend ho.r::Lwntal
1:1\ elements, whi:eh have thei.r longitudinal axis. p-arallel tq the boiler
drum.
I FWB 3370-3
3396.-9
... 4 ~
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
I
The desuperheater consists of 2'" pipe whi.ch makes four
lengthwise passes below the normal water level in the drum. The
ends are connected to inlet and o.utlet connections located at the
I
rear of the drum.
Due to the higher pressure in the d;rum than .. in: the super-
I
heater, which would permit moi.sture and solids in tP~ drum to be
entrai.ned in the auxiliary st-eam line in the event -o.f a leaking
j.oint,. the desuperheater s.hould be tested independently o.f the steam
gen~rator at a pres.sur.e .of 300 psig.
I
Inte;nal Fe·ed Line I
The internal feed line extend$ h.o.;rizontally t.he length o.£
the dru:m, below the normal water level. It is made of 2!2~ seamles.s
pipe cl.osed at the e·nds. The internal feed lin-e- has slots which I
are cut horizontally in the top for introducing feed water int.o the
. drum evenly throughout its length.· The fe.e.d water inlet connection
is ·l.ocated in the top of the drum as shown in Drawing No. NY 500-564
~n Part I, Section 1-8 of this manual.
I
Dry Pipe
I .. I
The dry pipe is suspended along the top center line of
the steam drum.. It consists of an 8·•. pipe closed at e.ach end ·and
perforated· along its uppe·r surfa·ce with 3/8•· hol~s. ~ the bottom
.of the pi~e, at each end, are 3/4~ drain holes. Steam ente;rs the
I
dry pipe through the upper perforated area, thus prevep.ting carry-
over .of moisture'. Steam leaves the clry pipe through the steam
nozzle. in the top of the drum. · I
Gontinuous
.
Blpw~Dgwn
l
I Steam Baffle Plates are perforated plates pla.ced at the
normal water level in the steam drum to prevent foami.ng. The plates
I are horizontal o They extend the width of the d.rum and run about
2/3 its length ..
I AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
:' (Section 1~5)
I
I
I
I
I/. ... ..~.,_
r-:~
~-:-;,.
..... 6 -=-...,
I LMCF00103
. .~ •.{).f
Row.·NQa
.... .... ..·...
RO:?£.-,Nt,..
. ...;.... :,... ;_ . ~cpJi~; ~~~.~l~·-· .· I
G 69 1 Sidewall 3~
6 73 lA ~ ..,.,' . 29
7
8
70
14
I4.tai. Sidewarr·
·.~. e.$'!'" 59 I
9 75
10 74 ~...
11
12
75.
14
2A
3
I
13
14
75
74
Tf>
4
.I
1.5
16 74
17 74··
18
. 19
75
74
22 t.Q.
47 .f,ncl.
4$ to · ··
Reatwall
.Rearwall.
26 I
20 75 63 ,iri(;l.~ Riser~ · 16
~
:r,qtal
.....1:.4..
1259 I
fr*··P..tP,. '?t 9. ~-i
TW!~<!'lf_s;, L~~~~?fl_.
· NG.• of
;rubeS:··.,
P1 · Sidewall 4
Feeders
¥3.
P2 ·sidewall
li~e.der
R~a:;-wall
1
1
S$2
••• • j
I
te~.de;ti
14
!
R.ea:rw.al1
:feeder
1 I
R.ea;rwall 1
:rota!
Feede.r
- -
,..,;;..;;..
'··a·. I
OP~ncomer r~es
. ;.c . ~-·
a
2
.·1
Jf ;,.:· 2
tr
r.otal
~~
-
. ~l
~·.
I
I
.:···:.
..; 7 -·
LMCF00104
i
I
I https://boilersinfo.com
I
I
I
P ERFORMM(;E CURYli,
I ($ection 1_,..7T
DRAWINGS
I ( Se.ctiun 1.--8)
NY-502-220
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I c=-·._
~"
(·- '-
~-
··,~ .
I - 9 - LMCF00105
1·.
https://boilersinfo.com Section 2-1 I
OPERATION
I
Part II OPERATION
I
PUTTING STEAM GENERATOR recommended that at least 3 or 4 hours be taken
IN OPERATION
(Section 2· 1)
to put the boiler in service. However, in cases
of extreme necessity the unit may be put in
service more rapidly.
I
The following procedure is a brief, easily re-
membered outline of the necessary steps to be
taken in putting a steam generator in service for
Valves -Main steam stop valves should be eased
slightly to prevent sticking due to ex-
pansion. When ·steanl issues forcibly
I
norn,al operation. If the unit is new, has been
laid up, or has undergone extensive repairs refer
first to the section "Putting New Steam Generator
in Service." Section 2--6.
from the air cock (approx. 20 lb.) it may
be closed. A flow of steam must be
maintained through the superheater.
I
The superheatex: vent valve should be
Lighting Off
Valves -Oosed : Steam stop valves, surface and
wide open when lighting off but may
be closed-in somewhat as pressure rises
I
to reduce an1ount of steam wasted. The
bottom blow, economizer vent
and drain, waterwall drains.
Open : Gage valves, gage glass valves,
superheater header drain valves and the
desuperheater drain valve (if installed)
should be cracked slightly so as to pre-
I
superheater vent, superheater vent accumulation of condensate. Blow
and desuperheater drains, air
cock and feed stops.
the pressure gage line to check opera-
tion of the steam gage. Allow conden-
I
(f: Feed -Fill boiler with best available feedwater, sate .to build up in line so that steam
~
(preferably 0.3 grains total solids per
gal. or less) through auxiliary feed line
until water appears in the lower gage
will not come in contact with gage and
cause damage to it. · I
Feed -Check the water level by blowing down
glass. Continue until water raises one
inch. Change over to main feed lin~
closing auxiliary check valve only, and
the gage gtasses. Blow both upper and
lower connections. As the boiler warms
up, ~e level in the gage glass will rise.
I
fill to 3" in lower glass. This pro-
cedure checks both feed lines.
Burners-Inspect furnace floor for oil. Ventilate
Do not allow it to rise out of sight in
the gage glass. The water level may be
lowered by using the surface blow. If
I
boiler thoroughly using forced draft fan a surface blow is not provided put out
to remove inflammable gases. Recircu-
late fuel oil until oil at proper tempera-
ture is available at the burners. Install
the fires and use the bottom blow. As
the steam pressure rises it may be neces-
sary to add water to make up for the
I
the smallest sprayer plates in the atom-
izers furnished for type of oil with which
the burner is designed to operate and
loss through the vents and drains. If
steam should be forn1ed in the econom-
izer, as indicated by water hammer,
I
using torch, light off one burner. Make feed to clear the economizer and blow-
sure the torch doesn't go out~ Make
sure the burner stays lit. If it goes
down boiler if level becomes too high.
Burners-When bringing up steam it is advis-
I
out, don't attempt to light the burner able to rotate the burners. Use first
again without first ventilating the fum-
ace. Flarebacks happen this way.
one burner then change to another,
allowing the brickwork to heat evenly
I
for approximately 3 hrs. before full
Raising Steam
To prevent damage to the refractory and ex-
cessive temperatures in the superheater, it is
pressure is reached on boiler. This will
necessitate burner shut-off periodically.
Use a torch for lighting burners.
I
LMCF00106
I
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
FOSTER WHEELER STEAM GENERATORS
I ( Cutting in the .Boiler 2 in. in the low glass. Unless absolutely
(~
I( control if so equipped.
OPERATING PRECAUTIONS
(.... __ .
I ·.
registers. Allowing cold air to blow
through the furnace will damage the.
brickwork and may cause casings to
bustion control, shift to manual operation before
lighting off. When lighting ,off, it is difficult to
completely eliminate smoke while the furnace is
cold. Too much air, in an effort to stop the smoke,
I£_,_
(:':-~-
cock.
the casings with resultant gas leaks and damage
to the refractory. "Panting" can also occur under
'\.
Feed '-As the boiler cools down the water level
will drop. ¥aintain the level at least
certain conditions of· poor mixture of air and oil,
or water in tqe fuel oil. ·
L
I 2
LMCF00107
I
https://boilersinfo.com I
Section 2-3
OPERATION
I
Never light a burner from the hot brickwork. may cause a sudden drop in superheat tempera-
This practice may result in serious damage and
personal injury, due to explosion.
ture and leaking of the main steam line joints.
Carryover may also occur due to foaming, a I
Keep the superheater vent open to assure steam condition caused by a high percentage of dis-
flow through the superheater. It is just as im-
portant as water in the boiler. The superheater
.thermometer is not a reliable indicator of the
solved solids in the boiler water. Boiler feedwater
must be pure, free of dissolved solids, oil and
oxygen. Use distilled water only, if possible, for
I
all makeup feed. Samples of boiler water should
temperatures in the superheater when raising
steam.
Decrease the firing rate and increase the feed
be tested twice daily. ·Proper alkilinity should be
maintained to preverit corrosion. To prevent prim-
I
ing, blow down the stean1 generator if the total
for a few moments if steaming, which causes water
hammer, occurs in the economizer. Continued
water hammer can 'cause leaks in the feed piping,
concentration of dissolved solids exceeds 500 parts
per million ( 30 grains per gal.) or if the an1ount .
of scale forming salts is excessive.
I
economizer return headers and return bends.
Use the surface blow to reduce high water
level. Do not use the ~ttom blow or open the
To maintain low boiler water concentration, use
continuous blow when installed or the surface .
blow. Otherwise shut off fires and use the bottom
I
water wall drains unless all the fires are ex- blow.
tinguished. For most effective use of the bottom
blow, first, open the valves in the blowdown line
then open the boiler blowdown valve wide. When
· Do not permit oil, especially that containing
vegetable fats, to enter the .boiler as the insulating
I
film fonned on heating surfaces will result in
blowing operation is completed, close ·valves in
reverse order. When operating either. the surface
or. bottom blowdown valve, open valve wide and
blistering and eventual rupture of the affected
tubes. Sludge, rolled into small, hard· balls found
I
operate quickly while opening or closing. in the waterwall headers, is an indication that
The normal water level, unless otherwise speci-
fied, is at the centerline of t!Je steam drum. Carry
oil is getting into the boilers.
Dissolved oxygen may cause pitting and corro- I
nom1al water level as the perforated baffles of drum sion at and above the waterline in the drum and
internals are designed to function best at this level.
Be suspicious of a water level that does not fluc-
also in the economizer. On vessels equ~pped with
deaerators, the oxyge~ content of the feed should
be tested periodically as a check on deaerator
I
tuate. Check gage glasses frequently whether on
operation and should never be more than .03 cc
manual or automatic operation. Check carefully
gage glasses that appear completely full or com-
pletely en1pty as either may cause serious damage
per liter. To avoid oxygen pitting, maintain the
design feedwater temperature, particularly in port.
I
to equipment. Feedwater below design temperature is very likely
I
LMCF00108
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
FOSTER WHEELER STEAM GENERATORS
I( more frequent blowing. Drain the lines generously Inspect the fires for flame impingement on the
c
in gage glass secure all burners immediately.
surfaces are evidence that either wet steam is being
Caution. Do not fill hot boiler with cold water,
I( used for soot .blowing or the temperature of the
stack gases has fallen below the dew point. When
the stack temperature falls below the dew point,
as relatively cold feedwater coming in contact with
an overheated drum or tubes. may cause severe
distortion and leakage of rolled joints.
there is danger of certain components of the stack
I gases condensing on the elements. These condensed
gases, particularly those from fuels with a high Tube Failure
sulfur content, will cause hard caking of soot In the event of tube failure, the boiler should
I· deposits and are highly corrosive.
These hard soot· deposits may plug the econo-
be secured quickly except for the feed. Feedwater
should be added in an effort to keep the water in
sight until the boiler cools down. Watch tlu water
mizers, and cause corrosion damage. These de- in the other boilers. The sudden demand for feed
I posits may be removed by steam lancing. Steam .
lancing ports are installed on most bOilers.
may result in low water in. ~e other boilers. If
the failure is severe and the water cannot be kept
On boilers equipped with air heaters, the by- in sight, shut off the feed to the effected boiier
4 LMCF00109
I
https://boilersinfo.com I
Section 2-5
OPERATION
I
allowing the fires to relig-ht from hot brickwork The refractory cone must be concentric and have
may result in an explosion.
:
: ' · ••·· , \
}
: :i. ''l
-~
.·- .. ~ ..
.,
50000
0(/')
GIVEN THE FUROL VISCOSITY OF AN ~
OIL AT 12Z"F. LoCATE THIS POINT m
IS: ~"'.: -..... .....,.. T T T T I I I I I I I I .I I I
ON THE VERTICAL UNE ABOVE 122.
;;a
20000 T..EJ.. f,MIT (If PUMPABI 1 TY THEN FOLLOW A DIAGONAL UNE
~
........ ' ....... ' Ill C: t II
"';l• 1000
~~·~ftl zm
;;c .
)>
~
~ 750 75
0;;a
~
z
:::1 500 ~
0
.. (/')
....J
~
!i
400
300
a
CD
'30
"'>-
jlllllllllllll=·
I
~
!:::
"'
0
200 '
-------------
0 VJSCOSIJY RANGE
!l! 150 1- 15
> FOR
c:JtEATEST BURNER E'FflCIENCV
IS:
1'- rs.R
~NI.:S
~ !"'.. l'r' l'SJ'
100 ~ 10
~
"" N~
90
80
~
~
~ 10
(j
50 60 70 100 110 120J 130 140 150 ltiO 170 180 190 200 ZlO 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
--
~ 80 90.
0 IZZ
0 TEMPERATURE- DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
FIGURE J. CHART I'OR DnUMINING PaoPu BUllNEll T&MPUATUU TO GlVIt MosT EFl'ICUNT CoMB\JSTIOl'l .
(": () )
' ·-
https://boilersinfo.com Section 2•6 I
OPERATION
I
cases "laneing" may result with high gas vdocities as high as 180 F. but in no case less than room
and temperatures through small sections of the
boiler. This causes· severe damage to all parts
adjacent to or within the lane. Frequency of use
temperature or less than 70 F. whichever is higher.
In high pressure boilers with thick d·rums, it is
desirable that the temperatur~ of the water used
I
of the soot blowers should be governed by the for filling be close to the boiler temperature. The
changes in draft loss and stack temperatures be-
fore and after blowing tubes.
use of cold water for testing a boiler which has
not thoroughly coole·d down will result in leaking
I
of the rolled joints.
Maintain proper feedwater temperature. Lower
feed temperature will result in higher superheat.
Conversely a high feed temperature will cause
The pressure should be raised gradually, being
careful not to exceed the test pressure.
I
superheat temperature to be below normal. A hydrostatic test to the working pressure will
usually be sufficient for a boiler which has been
repaired but for a new boiler or one undergoing
I
PUTTING NEW 'sTEAM GENERATOR annual inspection the test pressure is 1~ times
IN SERVICE
(Section 2-6)
the design pressure.
When inspection of all pressure parts and rolled
I
Before a new boiler, one that has been laid up joints is complete the pressure may be lowered by
or one which has undergone extensive repairs, i~
put in service it should be subjected to a hydro-
static test, boiling out, drying out for the refractory
cracking a drain valve. Open a vent valve before
the pressure drops to zero and leave wide open
while draining the water to avoid a vacuum on
I
and final inspection. the boiler.
Hydrostatic Test
The desuperheater should be tested separately at
a pressure not over 300 lb. A leaking desuper-
I
heater would allow water from the drum to pass
Prepare the boiler for hydrostatic test by re-
moving all tools, rags, etc. from the drums, tubes
and headers. Many tube failures are due to negli-
into the desuperheater and be carried with the·
steam to the auxiliaries or superheater.
I
gence in removing foreign materials. Close up On completion of the test, drain all water from
all handholes and manholes. Remove all access
doors including those for waterwall headers. A
the superheater and desuperheater, ren1ove safety
valve gags, and remove any blanks.
I
boiler that has been in service must be thoroughly
<:leaned on the fireside to facilitate inspection.
Check operation of pressure gages. Oose tightly
all stop check, drain and blowdown valves. Install
Boill;11g Out
The boiler must be boiled out to remove any pre-
I
blanks where necessary. Do no~ allow a stop valve servative on the tubes and the oil used in rolling
with steam on ont- side to be subjected to hydro-
static test on the other side of the Valve. Install
the tubes. Oil is a good insulator and if any re-
mains after erection or repairs, blistered and rup-
tured tubes may result.
I
safety valve gags. Do not use a wrench on these
gags. It is unnecessary and may result in bent
valve stems.
Before proceeding with. boiling out of boiler
remove as much oil as possible by wiping out the
ends of the tubes, the headers and drums using
I
The vents on the driun, superheater and econ~
rags and by ptilling rags through the tubes, using
mizer should be open while filling the boiler to
let the air escape. These vents may be closed as
water issues from th.em. Some boilers have check
an approved solvent. Make sure no rags are left
in the boiler as. a tube may be plugged and the
I
valves in the feed line between the economizer and loss of circulation wiil result in tube failure. Air
the drum. If the test pressure is being applied
through a connection to the air cock on the boiler
circulation· should be provided for the protection
of any men working inside the drum. I
drum, a separate test will be necessary on the econ- The boiling out solution consists of three pounds
/~~
t==·
\---
omizer. The boiler should be·at room tempera~re
before testing. The water used for the test should
be at the same temperature or above. It may be
of caustic soda and three pounds of either soda ash
or trisodium phosph~1.te for each 1,000 pounds of
water capacity of the. boiler at normal wat~ level
I
"'-.··-
7.
I
LMCF00112
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I
FOSTER WHEELER STEAM GENERATORS
I /
A· boiling out solutio,n using five pounds of Navy valve and the lowest openings in the superheate.r
(~
c standard boiler compound for each 1,000 pounds of and economizer. If practicable, blank off the
I water capacity is also satisfactory. The chemicals
should be mixed thoroughly in hot water and the
piping connection between the stean1 drum and
the superheater and also the piping between the
solution poured into the drum. Close up the drum stean1 drum and the economizer. Oose all other
I and fill the boiler until the water is just in sight
in the gage glass. The superheater vents and drains
openings and provide independent blowdown Jines
from the steam drum, superheater vents and
and the air cock sho.uld be open. economizer vents.
I
https://boilersinfo.com Section. 2-6 I
OPERATION
I
( i~ getting ready for steaming e.."<cept that a wood been moistened with a non-oily, non-poisonous
fire is started in the center of the furnace floor.
The fire should be kept burning at least 18 hours
and longer if time allows. The longer the drying
cleaning fluid; however, if the black smudge is
greasy or if. any other oil or grease is found, it
will be necessary to boil out the pressure parts
I
out ·period, the better. If the setting is heated too again.
rapidly, the outer layer of refractory will dry first,
shrink away from the remainder and cracks will
Before closing up the drum, check the internals
including baffies, chemical feed line and regulator
I
result. Also, with rapid heating, steari1 formed in damping chamber to see that they are secure and
the refractory, especially in a thick wall, may not
be able to seep out without developing pressure.
Do not allow the steam pressure to exceed 100
that holes are not clogged. On a boiler that has
been in service exan1ine for scale deposits and
I
corrosion. Pitting of the drum at the waterline or
lbs. during this period. Removal of an air reg-
ister allows more wood to be added.
The furnace may 'al~o be dried out with an in-
above is usually a sign of O)o..")'gen in the feedwater.
Also examine the desuperheater and the feed
line applying hydrostatic test if necessary to check
I
ternlittent oil fire using the smallest size sprayer
plate and rotating the fire from one burner to
another .every half hour. The pressure should not
tightness. Check dry pipe making sure holes or
slots are not plugged.
The internal surfaces of the superheater tubes
I
be allowed to exceed 100 lb. Drying out may be
should be 'inspected for scale deposits. Scale indi-
completed m a minimum _of 12 hours, although 24
or .36 hours is n'lore desirabl~. At the end of this
time the pressure may be raised to working pres-
cates carryover and will quickly result in a warped
suwheater and tube failures.
I
When examining the fireside, the soot blowers
sure and the boiler cut in on the line if necessary.
The furnace will be dried out but 12 to 24 hours
of steaming at normal capacity is required to
should be rotated from the outside. Check align-
ment of the holes so that steam willnot inlpinge on
I
cure the refractory. If the boiler is to be cooled the tubes, and also that the soot blower elements
down again,· close all openings and allow to cool
slowly. If possible, enter the furnace to check
are straight and not chafing on the tubes. Elements
may be straight but the boiler tubes warped so
that chafing occurs. · .
I
the drying out and look for cracks or excessive
shrinkage.
Drying out may be accomplished simultaneously
with the boiling out process if the initial firing rate
On a bOiler that has been in service, check for
blistered or sagged tubes. Look for soot deposits
in ·the air heater, economizer, economizer vestibules
I
is kept very low and increased slowly. and the superheater bank. Examine the soot
Inspection
blower bearings, edges of the superheater support .
plates, access doors and openings for corrosion.
I
See that baffles are secure and dampers operating.
Because of the possible presence of inflammable
or noxious vapors in the steam generator, it is
extremely important to ventilate the unit thor-
Inspect refractory to see that headers, drums,
doors, doors frames, etc. are adequately protected.
Measure the thickness of the brick wall to deter-
I
oughly before entering for inspection of pressure
mine if erosion necessitates renewaL Determine
parts. It is also important to make sure, before
entering the unit, that all valves which might per-
mit the entrance of steam or water are tagged,
the depth of the floor by measuring from the top
of the floor to the centerline of the burner. If the
I
floor is too high because of slag deposits it should
closed and secured by a lock or wiring.
Make a thorough inspection of the internal sur-
faces and, if any scum or oil is present, repeat the
be renewed as flame impingement will build up
more carbon deposits. I
Encrustations around handholes indicate leaks.
boiling-out procedure. It is advisable to run a
rag on a rod through various tubes to determine
their condition. Black smudge may be found at the
Gaskets or ferrules should be replaced and encrus-
tations removed as they are corrosive. I
ends of a tube in a new steam generator even Examine the air casings under the burners for
/--":"-
~~-
't---
though the remainder of the tube may be clean. A
slight trace of this black deposit is not harmful
oil which may be a fire hazard.
Before closing up and filling the boiler, be sure I
and it -may be wiped out with a rag which has the bottom blow valve is closed.
LMCF00114 9
I
I
https://boilersinfo.com
I FOSTER WHEELER STEAM GENERA TORS
It
is e.-.cpected that the boiler will be out of service and the boiler closed up tightly. This dehydrating
for more than a day, fill the boiler, economizer and agent should be enmined every 3 months and
superheater completely with water to give protec- replaced whenever it has absorbed enough moisture
tion against cor:rosion. Care should be taken to to make it ineffective.
. see that the boiler is completely filled by building
I up 20 or 30 lb. pressure and venting at high
points. Make sure that leaking valves do not al_low
Before laying up a boiler it should be thoroughly
cleaned on the fireside. Soot deposits, especially
when damp, are highly corrosive and if allowed to
the gradual entrance of steam or feedwater from remain may result in serious damage to the casings
I other boilers, as serious corrosion will result..
To fill the boiler, deaerated feedwater should be
and pressure parts. All openings to the furnace
should be tightly closed and the stack covered.
used, adding chemicals to give a final boiler alka- Better protection inay be had with special fireside
I linity of 20 to 30 gr. per gallon. This should be preservatives sprayed on the tubes.
I
I
I
L~- . . :.
I t····-
~·'·
L
1 IQ
LMCF00115
I
https://boilersinfo.com Section 2-8 I
BOILER FEED WATER
I
( BOILER FEED WATER The most common source of contamination of
I diluted with salt-free water. using forced lubrication, the oil from such parts
as crossheads and guides should be prevented
from splashing on the piston rods or valve stems.
Leaking Lines in Bilges
I The system may be salted up by leaky feed-
suction lines which run through the bilges. Such
( 3) W!len filters or grease extractors are fitted,
they always should be used and kept in efficient
condition.
leaks will also be · responsible for some loss of
I make-up feed water. Periodic tests of feed-suction
lines should be made as very often leaks will exist
( 4) Filtering material should be cleaned or re-
newed as often as found necessary. Special pre-
cautions and instructions when using diatoma-
· which are responsible not only for a loss of fresh
I( water but for loss of pumping efficiency when the
lines are being used.
ceous-earth filter-aid should be observed.
(5) Drains from fuel oil heaters and from heat-
ing coils in lubricating oil tanks and fuel oil
tanks always shall be passed through an inspec-
I Elimination of Air in
Feed Water
tion tank before discharging into the feed system.
Frequent inspections of these tanks are necessary
It is imperative that all possible precautions in order that the presence of oil will be discovered
I r~.v~
t-···-
The presence of oil and grease in the feed water
and in the boilers is a frequent occurrence. The
following precautions should be effective in pre-
operating the engineering plant of a vessel. The
amount of make-up feed water used by a ship is
usually a fair indication of the overall engineer-
venting any oil from reaching the boilers : ing efficiency.
I 12 LMCF00117
I
https://boilersinfo.com I
Section 2-8
I
If SAMPLE
\.'..-:===========:~,
Securing Boiler Water . I I
I
I
I
I
'
~
·_r7,:-,
'!.-...
) . ··--·
I
LMCF00118 I
13
I
I https://boilersinfo.com
Section 3-1
MAINTENANCE
I ((
I Part 1.11 - MAINTENANCE
It
water in the tube nests.
I NO%ti..E
Procedure
Open, remove, or loosen access doors and
panels to provide access to the· firesides and drain-
LMCF00119
I
Section 3-3
I
TUBE REMOVAL & REPLACEMENT
I
cated in the main tube. bank are removed through
TUBE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
(Section 3-3) the access door placed at the bottom of the casing,
4. Insert driving tool · (made up to correct
I
Screen, waterwall, roof and floor tubes, or any
size and gage of tube) into the tube and drive
tubes in or near the furnace and superheater tubes,
may be plugged in case of failure, but should be
replaced at the .first opportunity.
the tool with a . small mall. This will free the
tube ends from the drwns.
I
5. To remove tube ends without cutting flares
When plugging tubes on the fire side of ·the
furnace, the following factors should be taken into .
consideration :
off as above paragraph 1 describes, flush cut
tubes ne.Xt to drums on fire. side and d_rive into I
drums.
( 1) Screen tubes-plugging or· removal of these
tubes will tend to increase superheat temperature.
(2) Wall tubes-;-rc;.moval or plugging of ad-
When installing a new tube, first properly clean
the tube seat to the bare metal using a fine emery I
cloth. Inspect the seat to check that no spirals or
jacent side, rear or roof tubes endangers the
refractories.
( 3) Floor tubes-plugging or removal of floor
grooves r«?main in the tube seat.
The spare tubes may be protected with an I
tubes should be held at an absolute minimwn, internal coating which, if not removed, will act
since loss of these tubes will effect the circulation
in the furnace wall tubes.
the same as scale in service. This should be
thoroughly removed and the outside as well as
inside of the tube at the ends must be free of
I
( 4) Superheater...:....plugging or removing super-
burs and cleaned bright with fine emery cloth.
heater tubes will increase pressure drop through
·the superheater, therefore, the number of tubes out
of use in any one pass should be held at a minimum.
The tube is then placed in the drum holes and
rolled with the proper expander for the tube size,
I
gage and sheet thickness.
Tubes in the· main tube bank may be plugged .
in case of failure. Because of the large number
of generating tubes in the main tube bank, the
To remove waterwall tubes, follow instructions
in paragraphs 2, 4 and 5, substituting the word
I
los.s of several tubes will not effect the performance "headers" for "drums":
of the steam generator. The amount a tube should be expanded can
·only be determined from experience.
I
Boiler Tube~ Tubes should be cleaned internally after ex-
If it should become necessary to renew a boiler
tube, the defective tube is removed as follows :
panding.
I
Superheaters
1. Working from the inside of the drum (steam
or water drum) use a round nose chisel and chip
off flare (sometimes called the bell) of the tube
To cut out a superheater tube, first remove the
handhole plugs from the header opposite the ends
I
to be removed, until the tube end becomes flush of the tube to be ren1oved. Access to the super-
with the drum. Extreme care must be exercised
in this operation so as not to dig the chisel into
heater header is by means of panels or doors in the
boiler casing. I
the drum. Remove the adjacent plugs. above or below
2. U:5e an acetylene torch or any heating torch, this point to admit a light and to give better
heat the inside of the tube to a dull red. Allow access for ~orking. The tube should be cut at the
tube to air cool. · U-bend end and one side taken out at a time. Use
an acetylene torch and heat the tube end to be re-
3. Burn, chip, or hack saw both ends of the
tube at furnace side approximately 1" to 2" from
tube sheets, taking care not to harm tube sheets.
moved to a dull red. Allow the tube to air cool
for shrinking. The bell end· of the tube being
I
After both ends of the tube have been cut from removed is to be crimped in or cut off. Insert tube
the drums, the tube is pulled out through the
tube bank and removed from the furnace. Boiler
driver (made up to correct size and gage of tube)
into the tube and drive the tool with a small mall. I
tubes located in the front of the superheater are Pull tube at the U-benCi end with a turn buckle
removed through the burner opening. Tubes lo- or small chain hoist, taking up slack on turn bw;:kle
I
LMCF00120
I
I Section 3-4
I ,(
EXPANDING TUBES
Step 1: Cut the superheater element at the U- Step 3: Insert new tube to within 1/16" from
I bend end removing U-bend in order to
take out one side at a time. Assemble
inside face of ·header. Expand tube in
seat by using expander with mandrels,
cutter· shank extensions and insert universal joint and extension.
Description of Expanders
oughly of any particles of tube, paying.
I( special attention to the grooves. An expander consists of three or five expanding
rolls and one or two belling rollS, held in place by
a cage. A tapered mandrel fits tbru a hole in the
. center of the cage. The rolls are set at an angle
I .to the longitudfual axis of the body so that when
the mandrel is rotated in a clockwise direction, it
provides the pull or feed necessary to move the
I mandrel forward. As the mandrel moves forward,
the rolls are forced outward expanding the tube to
its.. seat.
I
I A--:-~~
l~-c::·:-
(--- STEP "a"
l·Lruee HOLE
OIA. PLUS .20"
\.,
FIGURE 4. ExPANDER FOR RoLUNG TUBES m MAIN
I BoiLER TuBE BANK AND THE SuPERHEATER ELENENTS. FIGURE 5. SNAP GAGE.
.5
LMCF00121
I
Section 3-4
I
EXPANDING TUBES
/
(
I
off the end of a tube from the expanding opera- belling roll is the same as the distance from the
tion, it cannot get into a tube seat into which a
tube has not been expanded.
handhole surface to the face of the tube sheet.
When the expander is in place, it should be set so I
that the thrust collar is approximately ~" to ~"
'When starting to expand a tube, the expander
should be set into the tube, with approximate one-
hal£ of the straight rolls in the tube so that the
from the seating, that is ~, to %" of travel left.
I
expander will move into the tube as the mandrel
is rotated. The proper setting can only be deter-
mined by experience as it is necessary to set the
expander back farther from the end of the tube
I
·when expanding into a thick tube sheet than when
expanding into a thin tube sheet. The expanding
operation should be stepped when the small end of
I
the belling roll is in line with the inside edge of
the seat. If the tu~ has not been sufficiently ex-
panded when the small end of the belling roll
I
reaches the inside edge of the seat, the expander
should be removed and the rolling operation re-
peated as outlined above. Do not let the small end
of the belling roll pass the end of the seat · as it
I
will cut the htbe, round the seat or pull the tube
into the drum.
For starting to expand economizer tubes, the
UNIVERSAL
(Use siuve « buahi119 to
protect handhole 11otl ··
I
thrust collar should be set so that the distance ·
from its seating surface to the front end of 'the
FIGURE 9. EXPANDitR WITH UN.MtllSAL ]OIN'mD
MANDilltL FO'l WAna WALL RoUND HJtADus. I
I
I
TOP VIEW
I
I
I
I
RATCHET WRENCH GEAR DRIVE TRAIN OF GEARS END VIEW
I
FIGURE 8. 90 DEG. Faov
I
EXPANDING TuaES m WAm HEADERS WtTR HAND HoLEs THJt Tue Houts.
7
LMCF00122
I
I Section 3-5
HANDHOLE PLUGS
I ·r .-"f·.
' INSTALLING AND REMOVING Install nut hand tight as shown in "A" of Fig. 10.
I HANDHOLE PLUGS
(Sedion 3-S)
Hold make-up plate firmly against header and
tighten nut with wrench, tapping the plate back
against the header after each small increment
Checll Dra·wing for types of handholes used
of tightening. The plug must not be allowed to
I on this installation.
Before installing handhole plugs, all plug seats,
bind unless the plate is fully in contact with the
header.
plugs and gaskets or ferrules should be carefully Draw the plug in as far as possible with the
I in service.
Particular care m.us,t be taken when reinstalling
old plugs to see ,that all rust and scale is removed.
curely. Note that the plug must be drawn in
hard in order to compress the ferrule properly
and make a sealed joint as shown in "C" of Fig.
10.
I To Install the Taper Plug (no lip)
Assemble the plug complete using make-up
I. plate. Coat the threads on the handhole plug with
a mixture of graphite and water and lightly coat
both sides of the ferrule with clean, light machine
I A a 0
oil Keep the square edge of the ferrule outside
and the bevel end against the plug.
Inse.r t the plug into the seat and bring the make-
I ferrule.
When completely tightened and properly seated,
remove make-up plate and replace with permanent
I 0
FIGURE 10.
E F
I I. Nut
2. Handhole Plate
REFERENCE
J. Ferrule or Gasket
4.
5.
6.
LIST
Handhole Plug
Lifting Tool
Make-up Plate
I
PL.l,JG ASSEMBLY
Screw the lifting tool into the .end of the stud, WITH NUT PULLEO ·up
pass the plug through the handhole and draw it FIGURE 11. 2" STANDAI.D (STI.AIGHT TAPB:I.) HAND-
squarely in against the header wall (see Fig. 10 HOU PLvc.
above). WiPe both sides of the ferrule with light,
I clean machine oil and insert in hole. ·Keep the
square edge of the ferrule outside and th~ beveled
Inspection
To remove plug for inspe_ction, remove- nut and
end against the plug. plate and lightly crinip the projecting end of the
Slip the make-up plate over the stud, making gasket at two points to hold gasket in place. · Next
sure that the ferrule is entered in the grooved screw lifting tool into stud or fasten a wire around
plate and ·is true and squarely seated on the plug. the stem of the plug, thread pipe nipple over
9
LMCF00123
I
Section 3-5 I
HANDHOLE PLUGS
I
ELLIPTICAL HANDHOLE SEAT GRINDER For other thread sizes of studes an adapter
For repairing minor defects in elliptical hand-
holes, an Elliott Handhold Seat Grinder is sug~
is used between the stud and leveling plate.
3. Insert the grinding wheel in the handhole to
I
gested. This unit is designed to hold a grinding be refaced. Turn the adjusting lock nut clock-
wheel in one plane while permitting its free
movement in that plane. It is driven by either
an air or electric motor, the drives being inter-
wise to the limit of travel.
4. Assemble the grinder onto the leveling· plate,
I
adjust the grinder to the best working posi-
changeable.
The unit is set up for use by threading a face
plate to a handhole plate stud of an adjacent
tion and tighten the ball nut by hand. ·
I
handhole. An adjusting plate is screwed to the
face place on a ball joint, and adjusted by four
leveling screws. Tlii!{ plate rigidly controls the
I
~lignment of the grinding wheel relative to the
seat face. The grinder can be set up to work at
any angle. I
The width of the seat to be ground is controlled
by a guide roller on the spindle housing, which
bears against the side of the handhole. Guide I
rollers can be supplied in ~our diameters and
four different diameters of grinding. wheels are
available. ·Adapters for ~, and 1" handhold
studs are furnished. A convenient spacer on the
I
(/ grinding spindle is used to adjust the level of
'=· the grinding wheel for various thickness of headers.
Handholes of any shape can be ground. Any
I
handhole within range of the unit can be faced
with a single setting. In case the reach is greater
than 11 ~ ", an extension link can be furnished.
I
Operating Instructions
The handhole grinder is assembled with the FIGURE 14. AssEMBLY oF Am-DR.IVEN HANDHOL£
I
grinding wheel ahead of the spindle collar for SEAT GIUNDElt.
use in grinding heavy headers; For thin headers
it will be necessary to assemble the spindle collar I
in front of the grinding wheel. Before setting 5. While turning the drive nut with the fingers,
ttp the grinder, measure the distance between the
top of the header and the top of the yoke. This
should be approximately 2 in. If it ·is less, use
turn the adjusting lock nut counter-clockwise
until the grinding wheel contacts the gasket
face lightly.
I
washers between the leveling plate and the top of
the yoke. A good job of leveling the grinder
reduces the grinding time and results in a smoother
'
6. Turn the adjusting screws, with the T -handle
wrench, while twirling the drive nut, until I
seat. the wheel contact is uniform around the entire
1. Remove the leveling plate from the grinder
assemble by unthreading the ball nut.
seat.
7. Tum the adjusting lock nut clockwise to
I
2. In a handhole within reach of the grinder, ren1ove the grinding wheel from contact with
assemble a handhole plate and yoke, then
thread the leveling plate on the stud (plate
the gasket s~t.
8. Attach the motor drive unit by threading
I
has a 1, u. s. thread) and set up tight the motor onto the housing lock nut.
LMCF00124
It I
I
I Section 3-5
HANOHOLE PLUGS
I{ (
the handhole is out of round, it is advisable to true 9. Rotate to the right approximately 45 deg.
Precautions
spacer collar to the center of the rolls is such
I that when the tool is inserted in the header
handhole, the bearing surface will fall approxi-
1. The header surface where the spacer collar
seats should be examined and must be perfectly
true and at 90 deg. with the handhole opening.
mately in the middle of the rolls.
1t drel.
8. Drop latch so that it engages with the feed
nut.
4. This tool must be used with discretion~ as
wer roUing or improper use may result in serious
damage.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I r·r-~ -·~
'•
I LMCF00125 13
I
Section 3-6
I
ECONOMIZERS
I
ECONOMIZERS
Welded Return Bend Design I
(Section . 3-6)
Access Doors
Insulated access doors are installed at each end
I
of the economizer. The doors at the; rear of the
economizer must be removed for · access to the
handhole plugs in the headers. These doors must
I
be removed to examine welded joints for tight-
ness. Doors at the front of the economizer, in
addition to the above, are removed for tube removal
FIGURE 2. StANDAltD U -BEND ECONOMIZ£ll ELEllll:NT
CoNNE:CttD TO HEADERS WttH WELDED REtuRN BENDS. I
and cleaning.
REFERENCE LIST
.Internal Inspection
I. Tube Sheets 9. Headers Inlet or Outlet
2. Extended Surface Rings 10. Spacer Ring
3. Economizer Tubes 11. Spacers
I
For internal inspection of the elements .the hand- 4. Sealinr Rings 12. Spacer Washer
hole plate must ~ removed. Refer to. Fig. 2.
( 1) Screw plug lifting tool into stud.
S. Hand Hole Plug
6. Hand Hole Plate
7. Nut
8. FerruleorGuket
13. ·Tube Tack Weld to
Spacer
14. Return Bend
IS. ReturnBendWeld
I
(2) Remove nut, piece No. 7.
{3) Remove plate, No. 6.
( 4) Slip pipe over lifting tool.
The flow of water through the individual passes
of the economizer is shown by the drawing in
Section 1-under "Description of Economizer'~ in
I
the first section of this book. This drawing must be
( 5) Drive plug into the header by tapping pipe
as shown in view D of Figure 10 Section
3-5 Handhole Plugs (pg. 9).
followed to determine the passes of water through
the economizer• . Carefully check the drawing to
I
determine the pass in which leak occurs so that
(6) Crimp ferrule (or gasket) part No.8 Fig. the ~ements at both the inlet and outlet header
2 using crimping tool (Fig. 3) ·and remove of this pass can be plugged.
from header.
The tube plug for this purpose should have a
(7) · Remove plug (5) by means of lifting tooL taper of ~, in 3y.i" length or 1~/32" per 12".
The tube plug and plug extractor are shown in
Figure 1..
I
Taking Economizer Element
Out of 5ervlce
To take any element out of service, plug off the Removing Economlz~r. Elements I
entire stream which is affected by it. Place tube Burn, or preferably cut off (using hack saw)
plugs in the inlet (top) and outlet (bottom) head-
ers of the elements of the lane in which the leak
occurs-thereby blocking off the entire pass.
both return bends ( 14) Fig. 2 from effected ele-
ment at four places where the return bends are
welded. This cut should be made through the weld
I
(15). This is necessary for accessibility in install-
ing and aligning new element. Chip the tack weld
(13) to spacer on effected elenlent only. If one
I
I
FIGURE 1. SECTION TsaouGH FollGD) STEEL H!wlEB.
SHOWING MtttBOD oF RE:w:ovma THE PLtJG Filo¥ AN
I
EcoNOKIZU TuBE THAT HAs BEEN PL'l.JGGED TO Pn- FIGURE 3. CRm:PrNG TooL FOil. RExovrNG !4NDHou
Mtt OnutioN WITHOUT WAttiNG FoR REPAIRS. GASKET.
LMCF00126
I
I Section 3-6
ECONOMIZERS
I ( 1. Thoroughly clean split chill ring and install to build weld up flush witp tube and bend. Clean
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LMCF00127 3
I
Section 3-7 I
REFRACTORIES
I
REFRACTORIES materials possess the property of insulating value
(Section 3·7}
Genera·f Description
at elevated temperatures. Their use will be cov-
ered later. Similar to the dense refractory group,
these are provided in several forn1s and shapes,
I
Why refractories and insulation?
The primary reasons for the use of materials
among which are standard shapes and castable
types. An example of the latter is Kast-0-Lite,
a lightWeight refractory castable.
I
of this nature are to confine the . temperatures
resultant from the combustion process in the de-
sired areas, maintain uniform furnace temperature,
to aid in supporting combustion and to protect
(C) Such items as biock and blanket insulation,
loose rock wool and insulating cement are identi-
fied as Industrial Insulating materials. Generally
I
these materials are designed for high insulating
vital. parts of the steam generator from . direct
flame impingement or excessive heat.
For simplicity these materials can be divided
efficiencies in a specific temperature rahge usually
1200° to 1900° F. These materials do not possess
I
refractory properties and are therefore used as
into three groups according to their general char-
acteristics and ttSe.s:
A. Dense Fire Clay Refractories.
backing up and in areas where insulating efficiency
-more than refractory properties are desired. This
group h3.s in addition to pie-formed shapes such
I
B.
(Super duty, special super duty
or high heat duty.)
Insulating Refractories.
castahle materials a.S castable #20, SK-7 and cast-
able block mix· which are used where it is neces-
sary to form special shapes or fill hard-to-get-at
I
areas. The SK-7 as in the case of KS-4 is made
C. Industrial Insulating Materials
(Block, Blankets, etc.)
for gun application.
The materials described above are common .to
I
(A) Dense Fire Clay Refractories may be sub- all Marine Steam Generators in part or as a whole.
divided into many types.. This description covers
only those materials common to Marine Steam Refractories for Sectional Header
I
Generator furnaces. Fundamentally the function Type Steam Generators
of the dense fire clay refractories is to take the
abuse or wear r~ulting from ~gh ·furnace tem·
peratures and direct exposure to gases of com-
The materials used in the furnace and boiler
sections of the sectional header boiler are largely
I
bustion. of standard shapes and sizes. The walls are con-
Materials in this group are furnished in' many
different forms and shapes. Those common ·to
structed \vith standard 9" straights ~nd series
brick of Mex..Ko super duty fire brick ba:cked by I
insulating brick and/or block insulation. · .
marine boilers and generators are kiln fired fire
brick, such as Empire, Mex-Ko and KX-99, the
plastic and ·castable refractories such as Super
Anchor brick secured by anchor bolts located on
specified centers ~re provided to hold the wall
back· against the casings. All bricks are bon-ded
I
Plastic, Super Hybond, Kast-Set and KS-4. The
latter an~ of such nature that they can be molded
or cast into desired shapes on the job. The KS-4
is a type of high temperature castable made
together by a good grade of bonding mortar of
the same characteristics as the clay used to manu-
facture the brick. In furnaces having water walls,
I
i.e.: the Victory Ship boilers ·and· the C2SAJ1
especially for gun application.
Kiln fired fire brick are provided in standard
class vessels these tubes are backed up by. a high
heat duty fire brick such as· Empire, backed by
I
arid special shapes. The standard are referred to block insulation.
as series brick. These are designed to eliminate,
to a great extent, undesirable cutting. Special
shapes such as anchor brick, roof tiles, etc. are
An illustration of typical side wall construction
can be seen in figure 1. The application of ma-
I
made foe specific uses and locations. terials in the &oor and corbell in this type of unit
/'~~
{p.o--•
,,~~-·
(B) The Insulating refractories are refractories
having outstanding insulating qualities. These
is also illustrated in this figure. The materials used
in the front wall and burner sections are shown
in figure 2.
I
'
LMCF00128 I
I
I Section 3~7
REFRACTORIES
I .- : .
I r.
Corbdl con~truction in these units serve a dual The economizer vestibule and boiler side and
•. purpose. They are installed using Kast-Set or end walls are insulated in the same manner as
Super Plastic (as specified on boiler refractory described for the same area in the sectional header
drawing) to seal the floor expansion joints and boiler. There are some exceptions to this, however.
to protect the wall headers from exposure to direct ·Some units have walls cast of Castable #20 in-
I furnace heat.
The lower drum in these units is protected by
sulation and others were equipped with special
anchored square edge tiles. The vestibule Boors
are insulated with two layers of block insulation,
a refractory wall, referred to as a bridgewall. · This
I SpaUing\
Three basic types of spalling are :
1.· Mechanical, sometimes referred to as pinch-
I LMCF00129
3
I
Section 3-7 I
REFRACTORtES
I
( should be consulted. Discuss any problems that Firebrick used in the floor should be laid with
may arise with your service engineer.
After all old refractory, insulating materials
and debris have oeen removed all casings and
staggered joints around the floor. Placing soft
block insulation of 1" thickness in the expansion
joints will provide a ~" joint free from debris.
I
the floor pan should be examined for defects and
distortions. It is important that these be repaired
before replacing any brickwork or insulation.
If the boilers are to be water washed it is in1-
portant not to substitute your insulating products
with some which are soluble in water, as there
I
In making renewals or repairs, emphasis should is a danger of washing away the backing up in-
be placed on strict adherence to the boiler refrac-
tory drawing and any latest revisions suggested
sulating materials. Wherever possible, water
should be diverted away from the furnace and
I
by your service engineer. boiler linings.
When laying fire brick care should be exercised
to get thin even joints. This is accomplished by
On repairs where Plastic refractories are to be
used, these materials should be applied last. It is
I
. using mortar of a consistency suitable for dipping desirable to light off assoon as possible after this
the brick. The best side of the brick should be
selected for the furnace interior and after being
dipped on two sides in the mortar, are then fitted
work is completed. Where castables have been
used the opposite will apply as the castables be-
come stronger if permitted to fully air set before
I
snugly against the next by rubbing until a tight
fit is assured. All joints should be staggered by
placing a soap at the end of the course, or by the
the application of heat.
When all work has been completed, and all
safety precautions have been complied with, a
I
use of a large 9" straight. When placing the
anchor bolts and anchor brick it is important that·
. the fit be loose enough to permit movement due to
slow fire (wood if possible) should be started. If
the unit is oil fired the smallest tip possible should
be used. This drying out or baking period will
I
expansion. During the construction of the wall all
permit the moisture to escape without building up
excessive mortar should be removed using a wire
brush.
Whenever Super Plastic is to be installed, the
captive steam in pockets throughout the fining. It
is advantageous to maintain this fire for 18 to 24
I
hours if possible. The temperature may be gradu-
manufacturers' recommendations should be fol-
lowed closely. The plastic should be rammed in
place using a three pound maul or an air rammer
aliy increased until steam is raised.
Patching or minor repairs to the furnace or
I
made for that purpose. Proper expansion joints boiler linings should be made as soon as discovered._
should be provided and the plastic areas should
be divided into sections with contraction cuts.·
This procedure will prevent serious damage to re-
fractories and boiler. I
These cuts are made by scoring the plastic approxi- Before any patches can be made to brick sur-
mately 3" deep with a sharp thin instrument such
as a trowel. After completion of the Super Plastic
work, the surface should be scratched to permit
faces all slag and loose particles must be removed.
If the patch is to be shallow such as replacing
spalled material, an application of Green Cote as
I
venting. When using Hybond, it is necessary to
vent the surface by punching holes using a thin rod.
All castable should be dry mixed in a cleari
described before can be made by spraying, brush-
ing or troweling. If the extent of the repair is
greater than this, the defective area- should be
I
container before adding the water as prescribed removed back to solid brick or plastic.
by the manufacturer. Where metal tubes pene-
trate into or through the castable or whenever
The sides of the hole should be dove tailed to
provide anchorage and Super Plastic rammed into
I
the castable is anchored with metal anchors, pro-
the patch~
vision should be mad,e for expansion of the metal
within the castable. Wrapping with friction tape
or some other combustible material will serve this
Inspection and necessary repair to the furnace
lining will help to provide long and trouble free
I
. ,.
t;:--
.
purpose. refrllctory life.
I
s I
LMCF00130
I
I z , ..
·----- ·--
,.
J( I M<-
~~
U8·1.
5t'l.t:
~.·
··-i!·
v•·!o v..••
R.
"',v,•
·~·
L '
1
3"
va·
...~;
•:
1'4
•··.
Pr\I..Ul
57-i"'
ld '}h.
8'/i'
Hq
...
~
~I',.
MC.
as14
~-5l'2.
.6'51~
t>fSCit•Pno..-
~ .. MI'X..)et.T·S
."
REt ·
•o
... ,
IS
~4-r·----------------------------------------~·~t~~·~~~------------c~--------~--------~~~~~~:
___9"'C"'"o·___ r --
I
:--_--, - ~!>FERENCE: .Dl.tt.~.
51 r:.AM 'OlWM · NY-soo--45,3
Exi ~ INTEEN... L ltT7AC: ~MloNTS
0'-1 ST.EAH 'DR\J>1 NY..,-Sot-518
OET... ILS OF DRV"' INTE!tt-11\LS . · •
If. MATI''~I ....L LIST ~Y·5ol·538
I 8_:_11 ~,.· - -
. .7'd~--.
.:t
~ 3~,· ..
i&~- T - - - . _:~t_ ___ .... -- .-; $PEC.IFIEO
Nares
I. "-\.L \<OLES ~·~ UN<.E~5 O'I'~E~"'I'SE
.Y4H.~-tr~~:~: _ -----·--·-··------
I DEsuPE!!H6-.T~R PIPIWG ·l
~;-
I I
WE"'t..DlNt:. or ~SE$ Os:" ~IC.A.TlNGo Lt\TC.t'l
-~C.M·-.o<(i'\ To 6"-A"TI><G, <\:_ MVST MlU~E
"t"Jr\S)' ASS€...,&L."( ~"( WI\WP
_., :"•
/ - --
'
i ~ .J... ~~...L -i"
--~
I
I
r ~
' @@
~
.... ~ f.-!?
·~
'l ;..,.
@@
Ai
~
1
!~ I (.
~ I'· Ir
I ®@ i.PcUM E !!!, @,@ ,..J
... ~
i
..
t.._ ~
T :rr . ! s ts :.-.·
-- - ~---
-~
· .. ,,olll "
-- i- f--2"
• . ~~l I fk! ~
!--~- f~ ~
•\
\\•\
Q•
~
I
~ I f?· -,...
I
;.,! t,
I
t
I
"t . --.
.L ::lj
'
L
·-
\b ...
··-·-··
t r7lrt I ~-~l!___
·----·-· !~ -- -2.'· ~·- :.___ ---- - -+..!..~:.
l
.--L"·-·----'--- j
I ! · ·., v -- zf' FEED WIA'TEe
/;tt,~;
~
./{-/-'
. . t:'C/MI,.,.."
., .
. ·::::-·- r-
l i
I ~·
:-Ar<RAt'fGEMENT 0 F
f u;; DR"UM INTERNAl~
~· r C£/t~FIEP
!"cowr. !..t~. ----...../ CO){t. a .o.
CORRECT
..IANU.A.It 21, IPS/
A'>.j;"
/::
<!f ~j >'·ci <:ooys
•-r ./.ft'f/fr!J:!¥z.
r,,.
,,,....
,,,. !~>l(
<;~
t.li; "~IR'.4. 4 ~
c~.
~~
lh \ / ,.·..,=~ -~ • •~•c ~~- ~~Y81f.t1)
~~
' -
'$'t iP & t &I.TWUW !ll:ln.stS -z...
_ BP : I. "' ~• ' "n• '"TC' ,,.( ~loObf""lf>f-
7~B:i"
..i ..io _,.\- tt -mmr ,. ~- ~-i-
.o(.~~-L~-
·~-~
r· -.~ ; :::~ ' ;;_':.,~'!,-
!I i ., ~
'
~J~
cc'aoo• .. . "
~oiT'R-'l]
\
tP-1 11-/~ \ CP·IS,
te:·Ui
li Bl"' .
- 1!11.1!~ , ~
~
1/ ;J / l J
T
/~
~·g! -·~~¥~,
·x
~ ' "~t-
~~··\~
1'\T ·n
.. ~ -~ t~
<-...~~ . - 1-
.. 't ~A-1
Tr
Ill II
11
M
~- 1--
~
~~~~!~~~-- I-<~
I~ ~{'-""" _ l~l
'A 7777
"/
\ ·GC>et.-~
--~, .......... r er-~ :~F- i• ~
ll .,... ..t. ~-- ... 7
rw
~- ~
1=.>:'').
~ ll ~
~
~tI' 2 v
~
, ...... _ J
~
~~~~;'"" r I~ I~
~ CA~··~ *-~~~·of. ~
v
~ ~~~
': MO
~ . I
a:s~
(•'~ -~····~""" . .
c;·: .. eo• .. ..,. -
6-? '*!i· &"••!.!.' s·-,.••· l . ~ .
~ --4~~
•
,. ~--'1
al 1., ~~
~ l! :; r~ ~~ ~r.ll
<2~
1- ! .
f-·f . - J
L~!~ j1I~1 ~J 1 ~ ~ -~-
. I ~
I" ·;1-l l,i
I~~~ ~~
:::
.l
1:-- lAY ld
v~
II ~ I "'
*I~
11 ""-1
~
v ~ ~ li lI ~
:.~
~
~~J.lr~,
.
I! ~v
ll
..~"f..
..,,_,..,.
~ . ~·
~
li v --·-~····· ··-·~~ ~
r- I! I•
•j
~
•
~
V//. :~..
·-···· ·~ ~ r l.r I· I•· tt~- If
~~
~-
r-:..
I
lc ...;
~
~ f:\~-~-~~ J1: ..:.......:
··-w-
-:fl II
'-tt---. -~- Lt.1A.
J~~
~~
J I
1~
tjll 177//.A ~~~
'
Vn~
:_.. '
~
.~ -t~ ?
·- ·J.. ,:,.•
:.:: ·cl """ "" ®
,:.-••·!:• 1J.l~
I
.SECTIONAL E.LtVATIO!-l'B·B
=~~-
PLAN SECTION 'AA
=~~~~~~~
.,
-,~
·~ -~
'K • '!1/''.J
- .
CXI(7U1£1) CtJIOit!'Cr
/Tiii... -
B 1••·•1-io
Jt~
-
A. ' ~-
......... -....--r
I
I
!
If~
.,........
~ .
_I(
GENERAl,. ARRAN<;EMENT
r. .......
' E'
1
/-I·S/ fiF!i.:r;:.•..tN _.. flJ __ . . . . .___
....... ............ .,.
--~T.--~
~
\
'
LMCF00132
~
r•mcw !om
Ell ~ItOfl
~ ---~....
.•.
- r-- = ···-- .-..........-..
rl.l"l<>. £laovPAA .a .a~~
, _ . . , 1.m.
r~•tr
A
......,,- ""'"
t:HLL Or MAH:I-<IAL
CWAN"TiTt ES I"'Qq FOUR (4) 6L.RS EQUALS Ot.UE'(I) ~H:IP
I( ·~-
~ ...
~. ,,._,.
.....J.-114.. ......
I '~
~ ~ Q)
CD
I
I
~
''I I
:Zt
~! I
~I I SECTION 'L-L.
I
)
I i I
View A-A-
:
\new oF lttJOF l'l~ (Ro,_. ooJT Slt>.e) ~
i ~
ut7•
l~ I
I 4-e1.>-,. S'·D~
tL~'-
:sn.'"~ 'S'-0~
•l.F•ot. DCJ>TI
1@.: h- 1- 0
·~tS"'•:.!.s ..
~II
I )
Q) I
I~
1-+-1- I
r I
~
I
1-+-1-+ I
;, 1-+- !--> iI
I '
!
f-+- 1-+ I SFCT\ON 'p. p·
~ 1-+-1-+ I
f-+- !--> :
I
I
I · SI:'CT'ION 'N-N'
\
'1- •
ARR~GE:M~NT OF
-' BRIO(WORK ~ FIELP INSUlAT10'1'4
•
. I
. .
.
SECTION 'I(·K·
'ELEVATION OF ~~'WALl e'UWATION ~ Ft:ONT WAl.'-
I LMCF00133
·,NY·::>uu-'f-/U
lI : - 4'~· . - - - - - . ,
SECTION. A -m . . -·
I .
~.
1.•
,.
-~--- . ......._
·~-~-
__ ~,
."//
:'
. ..:·
.... /
':----~
~ ·---- l
._ -~.,··<:-~-~-
~:1
0'1: .
~
·.:
.,
J ../ - ..-
L
N1- • .-.
.__.,lit.
~--· ~.
. ..1 OFWATC.-t ~
-~-
-----~"1:_ ~ ... -
·-·-·b_-
"-------·--+
-F-3L ' ~-'· __
-I
s• -z·
~~I- 2.14•
F-1
. ·- ARR4T CF WA~R
. ____.4_
· •
;:-SIDE - -7 ~WALL
\o!A '' Hfiif.- . i.
t"I±=======::-------F-1 L
(F-l.---
fEEDf:R5 4 REAR
WALL RlSER lUBES
LMCF00134
L
:if~\!~~~~~~t~~~.~~
4 "'-. 8.c. v~ .. tv,. +tt.P.
OUt&OARD
J
f '{lEW FROM FRONT TO REAR
1Ul-BOI\.f.lt
t
,)1/111£ 3ld/lltlll .!JlAIIIE~10
<JO.e.o)f
Ls
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
MJ.IN SEC.TION e.
OUT510f VIEWS
F. W. STEAM 6U.I~A.TOR
LMCF00135
I
N~eK
.No· ~ DCSCR/PTI ON r= :lJ.eRWINfi CoNT:.e4':7 #19~.1::
No. NO. NO. ~ DC.5CRI'P7"1'0N ~ o.e-,;w..-~
No.
CONTe;rcr
.No. HJff' ~ p,esce/PTtOAI
~ ~~~~li
CoNrl?llCT
Na
Ml?e~
No. !1li>
~~
0£SCI:?.IPTION r= ~IA./if
No.
Co#T~CT
No.
"1/?e.l:;'
N'o. ~)> OESc.eiPTI0/11 ~
_2_'_Q<D, 1 10 IJW(i_ fiDE
"""' ~~ - .S.'#
~~~~J
'U '~I ~ 2 • ~:o Jt10 4~ wus D
-.
O·Jr!·U·t. _. Fl./ T~o I
WJ"ooL Toaf Uf....t-.U
CLR,W6.1f: ro c J _. o ,D. 11to 4 ON Cll -:~ I
£,N.I!)(.£J . C~-'IJ
I£, rAua l-It .•n• ('i •( I IJ.>'W. IA ,.jl) D<l ~A r3~ I
tir.I~V..":J • Co<VTWVI! D
l'_.,A..t>IU lbz kAe Iff" lftJU- Nl
( St
S2 .
• I w~lk.l-17:r~· ~~
• /19 ·.17! 7" lt;
OF HV·$"tltJ·4J'
- - -
Fl./ 1i> u
.- • IY~·o..,I/2&Ki, 'p-421·3/J-A
,
a I"~&A/1", Bo't.t( 1Jif7!WIIu . ~irtl,;,..~ 1.~ .. _..a. )I .to9-...,,v. VA/6 ~""'1/T"~#LU.tt< 2't>,O.
- .
I ~ ..J. o.o ..., 81Jt; . 1-rD>A~. Tuh#l ,,.,1/o.K·U. 1~11. TUIJC~ ,,vr.., I ~~~ ~~w.r.o.
''
! S~f. ~
IJ- /-31-11 8 iJ(.lS<>" />114/.uMf.L r.mES I loilO II
.SJ7 ~
..
l'l.st · 4e.l . '1tJ3 .. ~/141,
H- 2A- Jl ! 1*" '1£ . 2~".-oJ; • /1.11. lht,_s ·
D . 6£U"'-'1 1t •
I
I
- "
. JJ1 /{,. ~l'·372·4 Ji-*elllrrC'd11U/IuiJ .)(-'t.Jo ' i..G,fhl>i!.r__,..[_ #AIO "',_.,wD_uJ.
..
4 ~
~!Ita.~ ,..J6G~ blt'~AJ..,-J.IJ. )I;
.S5
J'' I -
• .J
·4 ·
• IJ! 17."
10J. r1J." ·fr;
q
~
-
.I
,
Uo -lr ?~·.oft< • 11.11. ~En - t<i.Jl·~· € -1- ·limcJtimoFt'llrmu- 717 l/fi~1l'fK.D"iM, /'.J. . ov t!<JO llu. Fii/:JJJ "HE()_ I./Itt. "4 If I
t·&r.et t:~~Pec 1't¥1·?S·U s- )oF M,..ll>t?Eit•• 11K~t'" Ot'O fl. ElSIE lhJO ~D •
Siu>allt'Jt'U Frrr!"!LJ 1-~rlb. oo~o~- ·,(.-"" ' TZS
.I £rplf>Joe~ .S.., A't>lll</f__ "''l!EIIuJ& D../ ({JI 1~..1'1!"-Lt ll_!!:_tJ_E/Hl!!!:I!L__
S1 t
/.ll_~.a. 1 1Z_81.1_9_
TitNS
~· '1~-~*·'6 .
B.w:l!
OF INt-.><~•· ~n ...
S4-l .
.!42
.UJ
JC.
"
2'W n:A." """' I/. fl. ~w~s
:i?~' >rJYf'
-i-t 2~")(3~· 1/./1. §11$~Ct$
"VIft /1. / . fi-TfJ
0
-
...
k>-4'2.1·/31/
lC1:. ¥"·'17
.
s
. '/• EJt,A"CCJ( lt'o/Sii •
/-}jr~, ~EFILLI · "2t · M
2· Tfl't 8 rti!L/4~ ~c.s
AI ''1" ,3~0..JL.~~ 2:'0 " HHJ. t,MI'I 7if66.S
/.~ _,. _;c• J . ;,. , .JS4-•T>IA'.
~4. Ji,. Nl ~
IR!cr"'-" a.u.t~
JM..el/r>U <I fiM•1"
r. ;:n- 11ft.
T_;t;_-1.. I
Sl 7 -.
TV4E "'·
. (, . 1~ J_b" [, . -
lJ
-
/I'ISZ·/51·€ ~ '
M! -Jt• 6UI!. ME
P!'v'-1. "' "" EJi/'J1>1DEl?. NI'JfV~EJe
w. LL 71t'.t:otx:o/l 711£ R" .fi/R.
. - M~'tu:r, ,
. . 8- ~I
S'i 7· 'f~Jf/.#' 4
.,'s .. . £uu~JHIZEfl.£.1TTu,!~_J . fer"" ~1 C~WY.""§_S ,I-.,
&
-
1
T21 I Cu11,xl! Ftll! 1!1- 'o.a. 111t
'1J1J4 Be.,- &tul! ,. l,~~r •,.
oN r-A
T.Jo I
'A.JIJ tJr
Eu...JJ>FI!
M~r41DH~t .
. ~f1 lr.. ~-.... >C'Jit':r.-.d"Th ~~,. - ~I l'.tr.r X" I t:DNJ. oFI· B'IIJtJ& l}f • Do I>. J/./o f • MN• TE-/Jo../ ;DIC 1£E · wll>f / -
' D" tt./nt' ~~_hJI>f'l! U! •
3.3
--
~
I_.JI I . G-~Yt Golc Ho<L- ..wo O.t C11
./2() 2 . l'i. 11! IO~of• 4. "
a ~emu .ktr.rt".!/'lfllt·J.lL Au Mr MJ 1irt! 7)f. •~- ~~.
I'll 2 ~ • 1'1 · t2! 4'1., ·u.. . -
"'-Note OMICfTS, Ill<: lJEl• ........ , - , •••
T'd/JE~ A/111 .. 7~ •
I( ,/.J5"--.~o~.
s.,.
I
IJJteM•.,~.f l-4!fJ_~G6t1t.Dil:l~ i
. .! Anll 11r"FI! Pnol~· 2'J#-.
.,", .- -
IJ,1tt
JZ2 2
. • ~o • ;z! lfl_2z" ' - V•E.tJ1lll N.u, Gllu, 1(·,11.1 )( ~-li(IC. ATofDU:. 1/~.t, II I""' lh-'E tf %• ~"" " i
.ru 2 ' 21· tJ!s_y,• ' / - ~~IT-i.S f. t:ti'Jioi&<K UUJJI· '11l:J.AI ! #1' , JNo~r.r _.,""""~u 1&1< i9'Jl>'E CUR D,<'l~ /#Ill- I'A:rl
Tl I ~11<1 EJtt7&h:T"~ CDNICDT 16~ l·fn ..ftF.US · &IU·.t I<Ntt4! <Att. __ IVJfJI ~-.r. ..... IT~# "~¥"><.sh'.--.
I1"o ... 11111
bAll. !JJ(; /~"o,tJ .~'2·.... 7ilu.s l:> i,w..noz-Jn·o G;f 2 TJII'* 8· A.~. /J.t.U.V !.(~~-~t¥NI l.t'••.,,.••a
J'?l
J.llftlR AM~' TiiM:!
.. -"'-
I 71CNa.IS· 11!4 1/4-" l4
_n I
. -
l0'.rSt ~"'~' • 1.JI" 1ittlu
. ... ~:1G4-+111
. ~
. J.s! fl.• tVJr. H.st
f1r Jfr,.,v o,,~J
io.(AJIIr'l'llltTdE~- ·-L
I
.szs I lr. . ..
/f!,Yz·
IJF l..v-~·'79 ~
/
FIJ
-. 7-J I
I · l'iA.t 111/UrF·
• 'l" ioY-.JS4 ·SS'"
. Zlmtw.n..J of !lt~tr 1'-tru
I'AJO. lfo,.-l'~t' o/IU 6£
i
•w 3$!.- •" A&r~ M .ll!l'lf1Y WUE ,];.,. t'J ~~- 2>t'lo.4 7>fkr>u:lt" 2 ~"· f:/#Tit>A/ 9- CDM$Dl//JifTifJI'/.
rzt I ltJTC'~- I'~ EJf<:ll )( .J ;~·ll..o.J/Jhlot~ J,A:·.s; ....
A,- FvewtJHU. By
~ (}Jl, tos• M MJ.:!I/&L
t7olt~.JH.rrE£.t ..lwwil- 'lMu - WlUf IJNI<If IS j'.,II'1'EJ>
VA• vc-
,o/ZJ "" .M-I!L.
lJHA!Stl''' E. CH~l~
lrduk. _.fl_- '*'r . .
JII!EVCNEJ JH/t.t!<:T INml ~ 1........._ GA T.J2 I r.,-...~ IPiC ~G>u.a.c.,/JQ./.4
""' tfA
~VEl
... . ..
$JD 'l lbo'F ll..JO 5"· III/II s Til I I f. v. fn "'f ~nH llltl4'f£~ .4-• D olJ. .It • ~j ".M.o~. ,;.w.
.. ..
(lA !Sl
.. -.
1/.S. !'T?J. O"'IET .foCI<tr IJC f)c- FtSI!JWSHEIJ II'/ 2/17/13 F~toi. 1
- z:w-. -.
S)l ·2 fl- nr I ~
/'i~ I" Ull,. llittii'C rtr 7~·~. "~· D TO(:
-
711/JV W7J, ..t
C~.tTUU 'f- MI,.I'El>
.J32 2 J.J. I~· '11/tt. ~. &l'lttJo•~rMuJI
~:~1
T/3 I ~
Jill 2 1/-BFAIT' lt-rs lb.¥ D ·¥22-{;1/1 '/ c T/7 I -. SS-1- .S:If. ./)oL_IYf fJ/ITH UAS~- IF¥Pit'PJD~It ~ A>Nt£ D.t 6JI
. .-
I
' Til I ,. •3 . .IY>I! 2" ME/tHM<ZC ~• .r
T3J I
A"t><luJ~ ¥ IJE!In.r; t:¥-" o,o. />N " Fv~lollfii!D Bj
Colt'It
Co.CR4~
. Tl' ( •#) (t:uroPF~ M
- .f£TA7'4Sntl ?"Ji ){ ,lo'r x.v.~dU 711!3tE~ N..;."".fioN'"FIJ 10 f>lll.t• 1/ 0,~1 /-.ICJ.
-"""e
Cl.lin
. T2~ I
~· J'lf. {IJJ E"' D,<_;I'V-"ItE~
fJtl'lloi/J€,f lbJ! l><o<tJ.:J( ibiD_ ·L.2-v CA
Ill'\: or-'>r.r>C Si4~ ,.,. ~
Is=~· "'"'"""""·! v JOt,r;• tr(. ~ FO~ER
.... ~
l.Btw..u; 2'o.o. '/< ./3-/~""· "h..~ :: n.·X' .!S_2r ~/Iii, ~~rW. LMCF00136 .ARD 1a UJfT !!:..1
•JftL TVI>I!J ·~·lo ~ ~.M" Jl..t~_. <l/ Ni.l/ 9 1'•'111..£.( 4-v::,T;:. =·~::
INDiflccn..T MOll U
-
f.'JJ. >( 2 'li' • Tllu"' .~"'·~- 71/.(<.J.I "'·~· I!<M:{! ·"" "'>ID. .,..AJUo.nt. -..cr.,,
..........
nu.T paa W"ICIC 1
I I C:H.ECkEOa~ f j_ I
' ORDER NO.
.o.Prt~evu>avW•A !'mfr.
·- ··- ____ , ' -
I
---------------------------------------~
~,(
?_
• IJ,.f. CfJit!T C(.//H?() r;t. (EN'E.&ft. tf?r~~J"
OF li'McRIO'W 8vREAc/ "r flfii'I'..Vtf-.
1
I
r
1--·
,
5
~··· · VP.LIJe.s foR DP.Tu4 ANO Ia LENT ~ITM0~Tcc.:..siDI:JtATIOH OTHI:Jt THAN ~H&
j'-/~1..1/E~ lu 1TI-\ Soc\o:.~T \..ltLt>ll.l~ Ci-111\M~U)
80RROW&Jt•a AGRK£1'1tKNT THAT IT •HALL NOT 811 H•
i I"JIODUCED. COPIED. LEN1". OR DlePO•D) Oil' DIRECTLY OR
LMCF00137 .fNDUtiCTLY NOll UaED l"OIIt ANY PUitP0811 OTHI:It THAN
I
,
&Jos. (<.i~4E GL~ss DRil.•-.1)
THAT P'OJI WHICH IT t• ...EC:IP"tC:ALf.Y ~UIIINI.Ht:D.
: rz.7 4 fz" tou.JA:i:.D F1,. Jl:f4.4-'(> APPARATU•
~ATI:NTa.
aHoWN IN THE ORAWJHG 1• COVK.I'lED
THE
.y
.E~t>s. (fE"Etl \J~o,n:Rfit.G. ~~~~~ Foe. DA1"uK CMMI;)e~) APPROV.ED eY: 1.71~f'l'27J ~'(- 502 ~ 1'l.O- £