tflnd (Training) M

sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;Lk, bIftf / of]Uotf a(fpg] sfo{nfO{ tflnd elgG% . ;fdfGotof, tflndn] jt{dfg sfo{
lhDd]jf/L ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;Lk a(fpg] ub{% . tflnddfkm{t\ sd{rf/Lsf !fg tyf cgÒejdf :yfoL kl/jt{g NofP/
sfo{;Dkfbg :t/df ;Òwf/ Nofpg] ul/G% . tflndn] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf, ;Lk tyf bIftf -sfo{ of]Uotf
ljj/)f_ / sd{rf/Ldf ePsf jf:tljs of]Uotf, ;Lk tyf bIftfdf ePsf] km/snfO{ kÒ/f ug]{ sfo{ ub{% . tflnd
k|of]ufTds !fg l;Sg] pkoÒQm dfWod ePsfn] j:tÒ tyf ;]jf pTkfbgdf nfut sd xÒG% eg] uÒ)f:t/df j[l$ xÒG% .

tflndsf kmfO{bf (Benefits of Training) M tflndaf^ ;+u&gn] lgDgfgÒ;f/ kmfO{bf lng ;Sb%g\ M

;+u&gsf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf j[l$ (Increase in Effectiveness) M tflndn] ;+u&gdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf ;Lk tyf
bIftfdf j[l$ ub{% . o;n] ljleGg lsl;dsf lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{sf lglDt cfjZos ;Lk l;sfpg] tyf sfo{ljlw
;xh agfpg] ub{% . sd{rf/Ln] tflndkZrft\ ;xh tl/sfn] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg], ;fdfu|L tyf d]l;gsf] clwstd
pkof]u xÒg] tyf j:tÒ tyf ;]jfsf] uÒ)f:t/df j[l$ xÒg] ePsfn] ;du| ;+u&gsf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf j[l$ xÒG% .
;sf/fTds sd{rf/L (Positive Employees) M tflndn] sd{rf/Lsf] gsf/fTds wf/)ffdf kl/jt{g Nofp¤% .
tflndkZrft sd{rf/Lsf ;Lk, bIftf tyf of]Uotfdf j[l$ xÒg] ePsfn] pgLx?df j[lQ ljsf;sf ;+efjgfx? hfu[t
xÒG%g\ . t;y{ cfkm\gf ;Òkl/j]Ifs, ;xsld{, pRr Joj:yfks, sfo{ lhDd]jf/L, sfo{k$lt tyf ;+u&gk|lt g}
;sf/fTds xÒG%g\ . ;sf/fTds sd{rf/L hflu/ %f*\g], cgÒzf;gdf sdL cfpg] h:tf ljs[ltx? #^]/ hfG%g\ .
pTkfbsTjdf j[l$ (Increase in Productivity) M tflndn] sÒg} klg sfo{ s;/L ;Dkfbg ug]{< sÒg d]l;g tyf
pks/)f s;/L rnfpg]< sÒg ;dfu|fL slt k|of]u ug]{ tyf cGo ;xsld{ tyf ;Òkl/j]Ifs;¤u s:tf] ;DaGw sfod
ug]{ eGg] sÒ/f l;sfp¤% . kmn:j?k sd{rf/Ln] ;lx ;dfu|L, pks/)f tyf d]l;gsf] ;xL k|of]u u/L clwstd kl/df)f
xfl;n ug{ ;Sb%g\ . ;fdfu|L v]/ hfg] b/df sdL cfp¤% / pTkfbg nfutdf ;d]t pNn]Vo s^f}tL xÒG% . o;/L
tflndn] sd{rf/L / ;du| ;+u&gsf] pTkfbsTj a(fp¤% .
k|ltj$ sd{rf/L (Committed Employees) M tflndn] sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut !fg, ;Lk tyf bIftfdf j[l$ xÒG% .
pgLx?n] sfo{;Dkfbg /fd|f] u/]df kbf]Gglt xÒg] tyf j[lQ ljsf;sf cj;/x?/ k|fKt xÒg] ePsfn] pgLx? bQlrQ eP/
sfddf nfUb%g\ . tflndn] sd{rf/Lsf nflu dfgl;s / ;LkoÒQm aftfj/)f sfod ug]{ / sfo{k$lt, k|lqmof, k|)ffnL /
k|jL)ftfdf Wofg lbg] ePsfn] sd{rf/L sfd / ;+u&gk|lt ;sf/fTds xÒG%g\ .
kl/jt{gsf lglDt tof/ (Readiness for Change) M ;+u&gn] kl/jt{gzLn Joj;flos jftfj/)fdf ;dfof]hg xÒgsf
lglDt sfo{ljlw, sfo{ k$lt, k|)ffnL tyf k|ljlwdf kl/jt{g ugÒ{kb{% . t/ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf lhDd]jf/L, ;+u&g (¤frf,
k|ljlw cflb kIfdf kl/jt{gnfO{ ;xh} l:jsf/ ub}{gg\ . tflndn] oL kIfdf xÒg] kl/jt{g cgÒ;f/ ;Lk, bIftf tyf
cgÒej k|bfg ug]{ ePsfn] sd{rf/L tL kl/jt{gnfO{ klg ;xh} l:jsf/ ub{%g\ . tflnddfkm{t\ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/jt{g
l:jsf/ ug{sf lglDt tof/ kfg{ ;lsg% .
cfGtl/s kbkÒlt{df ;xof]u (Helps in internal Supply of Human Resources) M ;+u&gn] ljleGg kbdf cfjZos
kg]{ sd{rf/Lx? cfGtl/s ;|f]taf^ ln¤bf hf]lvd sd xÒG% . kbf]Gglt, kb kl/qmd)f tyf :yfgfGt/)f h:tf tl/sfn]
sd{rf/L cfkÒlt{ ug{ ;s]df bIf / k|ltj$ sd{rf/L lng ;lsG% . t/ tL kbsf lglDt cfjZos kg] { ;Lk, bIftf /
of]Uotf xfl/n ugÒ{ cfjZos xÒG% . tflndn] tL ;Lk, bIftf / of]Uotf lbnfpg] ePsfn] eljiodf cfjZos kg]{
sd{rf/L tof/ kfg]{ sfo{df cxd eÒldsf v]Nb% .
bÒ#{^gfdf sld (Reduction of Accident) M tflndsf] csf]{ p@]Zo sfo{;Dkfbgsf qmddf xÒg] bÒ#{^gfdf sdL NofpgÒ
klg xf] . tflndn] cfjZos ;Lk, bIftf tyf of]Uotf k|bfg ub{% . o;n] d]l;g tyf pks/)f rnfpg] tl/sfdf
kl/kSj jgfpg] ePsfn] dfgjLo jf ef}lts Iflt xÒg kfp¤b}g .
 ;GtÒi^ u|fxs (Satisfied Customer) M tflndn] sd{rf/Lsf ;Lk, bIftf tyf of]Uotfdf ;Òwf/ Nofpg] ePsfn] j:tÒ
tyf ;]jfsf] uÒ)f:t/df ;Òwf/ Nofpg ;lsG% . j:tÒ tyf ;]jf ;dodfg} pknAw u/fpg ;lsG% . uÒ)f:tl/o j:tÒ
tyf ;]jf pkoÒQm ;dodf pkoÒQm tl/sfn] k|fKt ug]{ ePsfn] u|fxsx? ;GtÒi^ xÒG%g\ .]
;dflhsLs/)f (Socialization) M sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+u&gsf ljleGg sfo{ kl/j]z, dÒNo, dfGotf, tyf ;+:s[ltsf af/]df
hfgsf/L lbg] p@]Zo tflndn] /fv]sf] xÒG% . o;n] sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg ug{sf lglDt plrt jftfj/)f tof/ kfg]{
ub{% .
/fd|f] ;~rf/ (Better Communication) M tflndn] Joj:yfkg / sd{rf/Lsf aLrdf ;f}xfb|{kg / ckgTjsf] efjgf
hufp¤% . o;sf] d@tn] cfkm\gf vÒNbÒln, lh!f;f, ljrf/ / efjgfx? vÒn:t ?kdf /fVg] cj;/ ldnfp¤% . vÒnf /
bf]x/f] ;+rf/sf lglDt plrt jftfj/)f tof/ kfb{% .
>d;DaGwdf ;Òwf/ (Improved Labor relation) M tflndn] c;n ;~rf/nfO{ k|>o lbG% / c;n ;~rf/n]
sd{rf/L / Joj:yfkssfaLrdf c;n ;DaGw :yflkt xÒG% . pgLx?sf aLrdf dgdÒ^fj jf sÒg} lsl;dsf] tgfj
xÒ¤b}g . o;af^ sfo{hLjg uÒ)fdf ;d]t j[l$ xÒG% . kmn:j?k >d ;DaGwdf ;Òwf/ cfp¤% .
sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf; (Career Advancement of Employees) M tflndn] sd{rf/Lsf ;Lk, bIftf tyf of]Uotf
a(fp¤% . kmn:j?k, pgLx? eljiodf pRr kbsf lglDt of]Uo &xl/G%g\ . pgLx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s pGglt
xÒG% .
;Òkl/j]If)f af]emdf sdL (Reduction of Supervisory Overload) M tflndaf^ sd{rf/Lsf ;Lk, bIftf tyf of]Uotf
a(fpg ;lsG% .sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg :t/ a(\% . To;}n] ;Òkl/j]Ifs jf Joj:yfksn] dftxtsf sd{rf/Lsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg lgoldt ?kdf cjnf]sg tyf ;Òkl/j]If)f ul//xgÒkb}{g . pgLx? cGo Joj:yfksLo sfo{df ;xeflu xÒg
kfp¤%g\ .

tflndsf k|sf/ (Types of Training) M tflnd ljleGg lsl;dsf xÒG%g\ . sd{rf/n] tflnd lng] a]nfdf
sfo{:yndf lgoldt sfo{;Dkfbg ub}{ l;S%g\ jf sfo{:yn aflx/ uO{ l;S%g\ eGg] cfwf/df tflndnfO{ lgDgfgÒ;f/ dÒVo
bÒO{ efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG% .

sfo{:yn tflnd ljlw (On-the-Job Training Methods) M sd{rf/Lx? cfkm\gf] sfo{:yn jf jf:tljs sfo{ jftfj/)f
lgoldt sfo{;Dkfbg ub}{ tflnd lng] ljwnfO{ sfo{:yn tflnd ljlw elgG% . o; ljlwdfkm{t \ tflnd lb¤bf ;Òkl/j]Ifs jf
k|lzIfsn] tflnddf ;xeflu sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg k|lqmofnfO{ glhsaf^ lgofln/x]sf xÒG%g\ / sÒg} uNtL jf sdhf]/L
ePdf tTsfn ;Òemfj ;Nnfx lbG%g\ . cfkm\g} sfo{:yndf jf:tljs sfo{ jftfj/)fdf ;Lk l;Sg kfpg] ePsfn] of]
tflnd ljlw lgs} k|efjsf/L xÒG% . o; ljlwnfO{ sfo{lzIf)f tflnd ljlw (Job Instruction Training Method) jf sfd
ub}{ l;Sg] ljlw (Learning While Working Method) klg elgG% . sfo{:yn tflnd ljlw cGtu{t lgDg ljlwx?
k|of]udf NofO{Psf] % M

lzIffyL{ tflnd (Apprenticeship Training) M o; ljlwdfkm{t tflnd lb¤bf sd{rf/LnfO{ sÒg} lj! k|lzifssf] k|ToIf
lgu/fgL / lgb]{zgdf /flvG% . pgLx?nfO{ ;DalGwt l;df lgkÒ)f{ geP;Dd k|lzIfsn] l;sfO{ /xG%g\ . vf;u/L
l;nfO{ aÒgfO{, O{n]lS^«l;og tflnd, wf/f tyf kfO{k h*fg ug]{ tflnd, *«fOleª\ tflnd, sf/k]G^/ cflb sfo{;+u
;DalGwt ;Lksf lglDt of] tflnd k|rlnt % . vf;u/L bIftf xfl;n ug{sf lglDt nfdf] ;do;Dd l;SgÒkg]{ k];fsf
nflu of] ljlw pkoÒQm xÒG% .
Internship Training: Internship combines job training with classroom instruction in business school,
technical college and universities. The goal of this training method is to combine practical experience with
theoretical knowledge. Students of technical, medical and management subjects usually undergo
internship training.
 sfo{ kl/qmd)f ljlw (Job Rotation Method) M Ps} sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps kl% csf]{ ub}{ ljleGg sfo{ lhDd]jf/Lsf
lglDt :yfgfT/)f ub}{ ljleGg l;k l;sfpg] ljlwnfO{ sfo{ kl/qmd)f ljlw elgG% . sd{rf/Ln] Pp^f sfo{;Dkfbgsf
lglDt cfjZos ;Lk bIftf tyf cgÒej xfl;n ul/;s]kl% csf]{ zfvf jf PsfO{df csf]{ sfo{sf lglDt :yfgfGt/)f
ul/G% . ;DalGwt zfvf jf PsfO{sf k|dÒv jf lj! Joj:yfksn] tL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;Lk l;sfp¤%g\ . ;a} lsl;dsf
sfo{;Dkfbg;¤u ;DalGwt l;k l;Sg] df}sf kfpg] ePsfn] sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf;df of] ljlw lgs} dxTjkÒ)f{ xÒG% .
vf;u/L Joj:yfksLo sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lsf lglDt of] ljlw pkoÒQm xÒG% .
sfo{ lgb]{zg tflnd ljlw (Job Instruction Training Method) M sfo{;Dkfbg ;Lk r/)fj$ ?kdf l;sfpg] ljlw
sfo{ lgb]{zg tflnd ljlw xf] . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ vf; sfo{sf lglDt tflnd lbO{G% / tL ;Lkdf lgkÒ)f{ agfpgsf lglDt
vf; sfo{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{G% . ;f] ;Lkdf lgkÒ)f{ ePkl% csf]{ ;Lk l;sfO{G% / pQm ;LknfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ df}sf
lbO{G% . vf;u/L of] ljlw ;Òkl/j]Ifs tyf Joj:yfkssf nflu pkoÒQm xÒG% . of] ljwdf lgDgfgÒ;f/ r/)f kb{%g\M
 tof/L (Preparation) M of] r/)fdf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos ;Lk l;Sgsf lglDt dfgl;s ?kdf tof/ kfl/G%
. pgLx?nfO{ sfo{sf cfjZostfsf af/]df :ki^ kf/LG% . pgLx?nfO{ tflndsf kmfO{bf atfO{G% . o;sf ;fy}
tflnddf k|of]u ul/g] ljlw, d]l;g, cf}hf/ tyf sRrf kbfy{sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbO{G% .
 k|:tÒlt (Presentation) M bf];|f] r/)fdf tflndsf k|lzIfly{x?nfO{ tflndsf dÒVo l;k tyf !fg l;sfO{G% .
tflndsf] ljifoj:tÒsf] ulDe/tfsf] cfwf/df lnlvt, df}lvs JofVof tyf kbz{g u/]/ tL ;Lk l;sfO{G% .
 cEof; (Practice) M o; r/)fdf k|lzIffyL{ sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkmÒn] l;s]sf ;LknfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf ptfg{sf
lglDt cEof; ub{%g\ . pgLx?n] cEof; ul//xbf k|lzIfsn] cjnf]sg lgl/If)f ub{%g\ / sÒg} sld sdhf]/L jf
uNtLx? kfO{Pdf ;Rrfpg] sfd ub{%g\ . k|lzIfssf] k|ToIf lgoGq)fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg cEof; xÒg] ePsfn]
tflndsf] k[i&kf]if)f tTsfn} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG% .
 cjnDag (Follow-up) M sd{rf/Ln] ;Lk l;s]sf] kSsf eO{;s]kl% pgLx?nfO{ ;DalGwt sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{sf
lglDt kb:yfkg ul/G% . pgLx?n] cfkmÒn] l;s]sf l;k Jojxf/df ptfg]{ sfo{ ub{%g\ . pgLx?nfO[{ yk ;xof]u
ug{sf lglDt ;|f]t JolQm /fVg klg ;lsG% .
sfo{qmd lgb]{zg tflnd ljlw (Programmed Instruction Training Method) M sfo{:yndf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf
lglDt ljleGg lsl;dsf dfu{ lgb]{lzsf (Guidelines), lbUbz{g (Manual), lgb]{zg kÒl:tsf (Hand Book) cflbsf]
dbtn] tflnd lbnfpg] ljlwnfO{ sfo{ lgb]{zg tflnd ljlw elgG% . sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf sÒg} ;d:of
cfPdf jf cGof}n ePdf tL lgb]{lzsf, lbUbz{g jf lgb]{zg kÒl:tsfsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sb%g\ . of] ljlw Joj:yfksLo
sfo{ ug]{ jf k|fljlws sfo{ ug]{ j gLlt cjnDag ug]{ kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf lglDt pkoÒQm xÒG% .
cGtu{t cWoog ljlw (Understudy Method) M of] ljlwdf klzIffyL{ sd{rf/Ln] dflyNnf] txsf sd{rf/L
Joj:yfkssf] clwgdf /x]/ sfo{;Dkfbg ub}{ cfjZos ;Lk xfl;n ub{%g\ . eljiodf dflyNnf] kbdf a(Òjf xÒg]
lglZrt eO{;s]sf JolQmnfO{ ;f] kb lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNgsf nflu cfjZos GoÒgtd ;Lk l;sfpg] p@]Zon] of]
ljlwdfkm{t tflnd lbO{G% . o; ljlwdf klzIffly{ sd{rf/Ln] dflyNnf] txsf Joj:yfkgsf] ;xfossf] ?kdf sfd ub}{
l;Sb%g\ .
;ldlt lhDd]jf/L ljlw (Committee Assignment Method) M k|lzIffyL{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;dÒx jf ;dLlt agfP/ sÒg}
vf; ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;lxt tflnd lbg] ljlwnfO{ ;dLlt lhDd]jf/L ljlw elgG% . sÒg} vf; ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{sf lglDt k|lzIffyL{ sd{rf/Lx? Pscfk;df %nkmn ug]{, cfkm\gf wf/)f /fVg], !fg / ljj]s af*\g] tyf
;j{;Ddt lg)f{o lng] ub{%g\ . o; lsl;dsf ;ldltaf^ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf gof¤ ljlwx? ;d]t kQf nufpg ;lsg%
t/ o;sf lglDt ;ldltdf /x]sf ;DkÒ)f{ ;b:o klzIffyL{x? hfu?s xÒgÒ cTofjZos xÒG% .

sfo{:yn aflx/ tflnd ljlw (Off-the-Job Training Methods) M

tflnd lng] sd{rf/LnfO{ jf:tljs sfo{ ug]{ :yfgeGbf cnUu} :yfgdf lbO{g] tflnd g} sfo{:yn aflx/ tflnd xf] . o;
ljlwdfkm{t\ tflnd lb¤bf k|zLIffyL{ sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{:yneGbf leGg &fp¤df /flvG% . of] ljlw sIff sf]&fdf ljBfly{ /fv]/
lzIfsn] k(fPh:t} xÒG% . cyf{t ;]ldgf/, %nkmn, n]Sr/ cflb dfWodaf^ sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZos ;Lk l;sfO{G% . w]/}
sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps} k^sdf l;sfpg ;lsg] ePsfn] of ljlw ldtJooL xÒg] ePklg k[i&kf]if)f tTsfn k|fKt gxÒgfn] tflndsf]
k|efjsf/Ltf eg] sd xÒg] ub{% . sfo{:yn aflx/ tflnd lb¤bf lgDgfgÒ;f/ ljlw ckgfpg ;lsG% M

;Dd]ng ljlw (Conference Method) M ;Dd]ng ljlwdfkm{t\ tflnd lb¤bf k|lzIffyL{{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Pp^} ;efsIfdf
jf]nfO{G% . pgLx?nfO{ tflnd lbgsf lglDt lj! k|lzIfssf] Joj:yf ul/G% . k|lzIfsn] cfkm\gf cgÒej, ljrf/,
wf/)ff tyf !fg k|lzIffyL{;¤u af¤*%g\ . o; ljlwdf k|lzIfs / k|lzIffyL{x?aLrdf bf]x/f] ;Djfb xÒG% . pgLx?n]
ljrf/sf] cfbfgk|bfg, cgÒeÒlt ;f^\g], tYof+s ljZn]if)f tyf ;femf k|oTgdfkm{t ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ kxn ub{%g\ .
cfhsn tflndnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf lglDt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?nfO{ rf^{ k]k/, >Jo b[io, kfj/ KjfO{G^ lk|lhG^]zg
cflb dfkm{t k|:tÒt ug]{ ul/Psf] % . yf]/} ;do / vr{df w]/} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbg ;lsg] ePsfn] ;do /
;fwg sd xÒg] ;+u&gn] of] ljlw k|of]u u/]sf] kfO{G% .
k|fWofkg ljlw (Lecturer Method) M of] tflndsf] k/Dk/fut ljlw xf] . o; ljlwdf klg ;Dd]ng ljlwdf h:t}
kl/IffyL{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Pp^} sIff sf]&fdf /flvG% . ;Lk l;sfpg] JolQmn] ;DalGwt ljifoj:tÒnfO{ JofVof ul/
k|lzIffyL{n] aÒem\g] jftfj/)f l;h{gf ub{%g\ . of] ljlwdf k|foh;f] k|fWofks jf k|lzIfs xfjL xÒG%g\ . Pstlkm{ ;Dafb
xÒg] ePsfn] k[i&kf]if)f k|efjsf/L x¤Òb}g . nhfnÒ :jefj ePsf jf k|fWofkgdf vf;} ?rL gePsf sd{rf/Lsf lglDt of]
ljlw pkoÒQm xÒ¤b}g . of] ljlw klg sd ;do / sd vr{df w]/} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbgÒkg]{ cj:yfdf pkoÒQm xÒG%
.
eÒldsf lgaf{x jf gSsn ljlw (Role Play method) M k|lzIffyL{ sd{rf/Ln] cGo sÒg} Joj:yfks jf clwsf/Lsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg k|lqmof jf sfo{ Jojfxf/sf] gSsn u/]/ l;Sg] ljlwnfO{ eÒldsf lgjf{x jf gSsn ljlw elgG% . cyf{t \
o; ljlwdfkm{t tflnd ln¤bf x/]s k|lzIffyL{n] sfNklgs sfo{ jftfj/)fdf ljlzi^ JolQmsf] rl/qsf] clego u/]/ l;k
l;Sb%g\ . o;/L clego ubf{ k|lzIffly{n] jf:tljsf sfo{ jftfj/)fdf h:t} cfkm\gf] eÒldsfdf /x]/ cGtls{of,
jftf{nfk, jfbljjfb tyf ;Òemfj ;Nnfx cfbfgk|bfg ub{%g\ . h:t}M sÒg} k|lzIffyL{n] pTkfbg Joj:yfkssf], sÒg}
k|lzIffyL{n] ahf/ Joj:yfkssf] tyf sÒg} klzIffyL{n] qm]tfsf] eÒldsfdf pgLx?sf] Jojxf/ gSsn ub{%g\ . pgLx?n]
pQm ;dodf s:tf ;d:of cfOkg{ ;Sb%g\ / tL ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsof] eGg] sÒ/f l;Sb%g\ . vf;
u/L Jojxfl/s !fg / l;k l;sfpgsf lglDt of] ljlw pkoÒQm xÒG% .
sfo{k[ys tflnd ljlw (Vestibule Training Method) M sfo{k[ys tflnd ljlwdf ;+u&gleq} %^\^} tflnd s]Gb|
:yfkgf u/]/ sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd lbO{G% . pQm tflnd s]Gb|df jf:tljs sfo{ jftfj/)fdf k|of]u xÒg] pks/)f, oGq
jf d]l;gsf] gdÒgf /flvPsf] xÒG% . o; ljlwdfkm{t\ tflnd lb¤bf s[lqd sfo{ jftfj/)f tof/ kf/L tflnd lbg] ePsfn]
jf:tljs sfo{ jftfj/)fdf sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ bÒ#{^gf xÒg] jf sd;n uÒ)f:t/ xÒg] ;+efjgf sd xÒG% . sfo{
jftfj/)fdf k|j]z ugÒ{eGbf klxn] g} sd{rf/Lsf] cfTdljZjf; a(\g] xÒgfn] sfo{;Dkfbg k|efjsfl/tf a(% . jf:tljs
sfo{ jftfj/)f / tflnd s]Gb| km/s xÒg] ePsfn] tflndsf sf/)fn] lgoldt sfo{;Dkfbgdf sÒg} km/s kb}{g .
;fdfGotof k|fljlws ;Lk rflxg] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L jzg u/]sf JolQmnfO{ tflnd lbgsf lglDt of] ljlw k|of]u ul/G% .
sfo{qmlds lgb]{zg ljlw (Programmed Instruction method) M sfo{;Dkfbg;¤u ;DalGwt !fg, ;Lk tyf
hfgsf/Lsf lglDt lgof]lht kf&\oqmd to u/L kf&\okÒ:ts, lgb]{lzsf cflbsf dfWodaf^ tflnd lbg] ljlwnfO{
sfo{qmlds lgb]{zg ljle elgG% . o;/L tflndsf kf&\ofqmd tof/ kfbf{ ;/n ;Lk tyf hfgsf/Laf^ qmdzM hl^n
l;d tyf hfgsf/L ;d]^\gÒ h?/L xÒG% . o; ljlwdf k|lzIffyL{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;xeflutf pRr xÒg] ePsfn] cfhsn of]
ljlw cToflws k|rngdf cfPsf] % . k|lzIffyL{x?n] l;Sg] qmddf j:tÒut tyf ljifout k|Zgx? ;d]^]/ k|ZgfjnL
tof/ kfl/G% / x/]s k|lzIffyL{n] lbPsf pQ/sf cfwf/df pgLx?n] p@]Zo cgÒ;f/ ;Lk tyf bIftf xfl;n u/] jf
u/]gg\ eGg] yfxf kfpg ;lsG% .