Rod and cone The rods are more numerous, some 120 million, and are more sensitive

than the cones. However,

they are not sensitive to color. Current understanding is that the 6 to 7 million cones can be divided into "red"
cones (64%), "green" cones (32%), and "blue" cones (2%) based on measured response curves. They provide the
eye's color sensitivity. 

Perception and sensation – sensation is pickup of info by our sensory receptors; perception is interpretation of
what is sensed the physical events transmitted to the retina maybe interpreted as a particular color pattern or
shape.

Frequency- When data is presented in a frequency distribution, the objective is to show the number of times a
particular value or range of values occurs.

Blind spot- Visual information travels along the optic nerve in the eye before it begins its journey to the brain for
processing. There is a certain spot on the optic nerve that does not have any receptor cells (the area where the
optic nerve leaves the eye), and, as a result, can't receive information. The result is the blind spot.

Monocular-Part of depth-perception is the ability to perceive the distance of an object. There are a variety of
things that we use to judge how far away an object is. Some of these cues can be processed by just one eye, which
is why they are referred to as monocular cues.

Relative Size:
If two objects are roughly the same size, the object that looks the largest will be judged as being the closest
to the observer.

Texture Gradient:
When you are looking at an object that extends into the distance, such as a grassy field, the texture
becomes less and less apparent the farther it goes into the distance.

Color circle-An abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, that shows relationships
between primary colors,secondary colors, complementary colors, etc.

Height or amplitude- The amplitude is a nonnegative scalar measure of a wave's magnitude of oscillation, that is,

the magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium during one wave cycle.

Color blind- (also known as Dyschromatopsia) or color vision deficiency, in humans is the inability to perceive
differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but
may also occur because of eye, nerve, or brain damage, or due to exposure to certainchemicals.

Electromagnetic- To make it a little easier to understand about light and waves of energy, the electro magnetic
spectrum provides an illustrated method of showing the types of electromagnetic radiation in terms of
wavelenghth and frequncy, and how small a part visible light actually is in the whole spectrum.

Binocular- Binocular cues provide depth information when viewing a scene with both eyes.  By processing
information about the degree of disparity between the images it receives, the brainproduces the impression of a
single object that has depth in addition to height and width.

Shape constancy- form of perceptual constancy where a familiar object keeps its perceived shape despite major
changes in retinal stimulation due to changes in its orientation.
Afterimage- afterimage,  visual illusion in which retinal impressions persist after the removal of a stimulus,
believed to be caused by the continued activation of the visual system. The afterimage may be positive,
corresponding in colour or brightness to the original image, or negative, being less bright or of colours
complementary to the original. A common afterimage is the spot of light one sees after a camera flash has been
fired. The afterimage is the most readily observed of the class of phenomena known as aftersensations, or
aftereffects.

Continuity-The law of continuity holds that points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way
that follows the smoothest path. Rather than seeing separate lines and angles, lines are seen as belonging
together.

Motion-Motion perception is an aspect of spatial perceptionand is the process of inferring the speed and direction
of elements in a scene based on visual input

Insomnia- is characterized by an inability to sleepand/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Many believe
that insomnia is a sleep disorder, but it is not. It is a symptom, as insomniacs typically complain of being unable to
close their eyes or 'rest their mind' for more than a few minutes at a time. As opposed to being a sleep disorder,
insomnia is most often caused by sleep disorders, though they are not the only causes. Other causes include
fear, stress,anxiety, medications, herbs and caffeine.

Adrenaline- a hormone secreted by the adrenal medullaupon stimulation by the central nervous
system in responseto stress, as anger or fear, and acting to increase heart rate,blood
pressure, cardiac output, andcarbohydrate metabolism.

Stimulants and depressants -  psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or
physical function or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and
locomotion, among others. Due to their effects typically having an "up" quality to them, stimulants are also
occasionally referred to as "uppers". Depressants or "downers", which decrease mental and/or physical function,
are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be their functional opposites.

Preconscious-applied to thoughts which are unconscious at the particular moment in question, but which are
not repressed and are therefore available for recall and easily capable of becoming conscious.

Unconscious- the mind operating well outside the attention of the conscious mind as defined by Sigmund Freud
and others.  the lack of consciousness or responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli

Posthypnotic suggestion- Post-hypnotic suggestion is the induction, under hypnosis, of a person into a behavior or
thinking pattern that makes itself manifest after he has come out of the hypnotic state.

Night terrors- also known as a sleep terror or pavor nocturnus, is a parasomnia disordercharacterized by extreme
terror and a temporary inability to regain full consciousness. The subject wakes abruptly from slow-wave sleep,
with waking usually accompanied by gasping, moaning, or screaming while waking. A night terror can rarely be
recalled by the subject.

Construct- A construct is another word for a complex psychological concept. For example, "intelligence" is a
construct - an idea, a part of what makes us human, that is made up of lots of smaller ideas.

Beta, alpha, theta, delta wtf?-

When awake, most people exhibit brain wave, (EEG) patterns that can be classified into two types of waves, beta
and alpha. Beta waves are those associated with day to day wakefulness. These waves are the highest in frequency
and lowest in amplitude, and also more desynchronous than other waves. During periods of relaxation, while still
awake, our brain waves become slower, increase in amplitude and become more synchronous. These types of
waves are called alpha waves. For example, such brain waves are often associated with states of relaxation and
peacefulness during meditation and biofeedback. The first stage of sleep is characterized by theta waves, which
are even slower in frequency and greater in amplitude than alpha waves. During a normal nights sleep a sleeper
passes from the theta waves of stage 1 and 2, to the delta waves of stage 3 and 4. Delta waves are the slowest and
highest amplitude brain waves.