Yllana Bay View College, Inc.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

TEACHING GUIDE
Disaster readiness and Risk Reduction Mgt.
Date Week 5
Topic/Lesson Exposure and Vulnerability

Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of…

Various elements that may be exposed to

hazards:
1. Physical
2. Social
3. Economic
4. Environmental

Vulnerability of each exposed element

Performance Standards The learners conduct hazard hunts of exposed
elements and propose corresponding
corrective actions for one’s preparedness.

Learning Competencies The learners…

Specific Learning Outcomes
1. Enumerate elements exposed to hazards;
2. Explain the meaning of vulnerability;
3. Explain why certain sectors of society are
more vulnerable to disaster than others;
4. Analyze why certain structures are more
vulnerable to specific hazards than others;
5. Determine the elements that are exposed to
a particular hazard;
6. Recognize vulnerabilities of different
elements exposed to specific hazards; and
7. Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and
vulnerabilities and give examples from actual
situations.
The learners will be able to:

1. Enumerate different elements

exposed to hazard
2. Explain the meaning of vulnerability
3. Discuss why certain sectors of society
are more vulnerable to disasters than
others
4. Determine the elements that are
exposed to a particular hazard.
5. Recognize vulnerabilities of different
elements exposed to specific hazard
6. Differentiate among hazard exposure,
and vulnerability and give examples
from actual situation

Time Allotment 4 hours and 30 minutes

Teaching Strategy Group discussion and Oral Recitation
LESSON OUTLINE
I- Introduction Opening prayer and a recap will be given by
group2 among the learners. Teacher will follow
by giving a short introduction regarding the
new topic.
II- Motivation Game: Balay, bata, bagyo:

Ask the learners to form a circle and who will

be left without partner will give his/her
learning. From the previous lesson. After the
game teacher will sight some example to
introduce the new topic for the week.
III- Instruction/ Delivery Elements Exposed to Hazard
Exposure: refers to the elements at risk from a
natural or man- made hazard event. Elements at
risk include the following:
1. Human being
2. Dwellings, or households and
communities
3. Buildings and structures
4. Public facilities and infrastructure
assets,
5. Public and transport system
6. Agricultural commodities, and
7. Environmental assets.
What is vulnerability
Vulnerability: is defined as the characteristics
and circumstances of a community, system or
asset that make it susceptible to the damaging
effects of a hazard.

Reasons Why Certain Sectors of Society are

More Vulnerable to Disaster than Others

Vulnerability can be seen as the result of a

process in which various different things cause
a population to be more vulnerable. These can
be split into:

1. Demographic Factors
2.
Population density- The more dense the
population, the more efficient a response
should be, considering the number of people
that might be affected by a disaster.
Age of population- Very old and very
young populations are less mobile and able to
respond to hazard events well. This makes them
more vulnerable compared to others, and this
requires more attention from the government
and other support agencies especially during
emergency evacuation or relocation.
Distribution of population- regardless of
density, populations may be distributed
differently within the hazard area e.g elderly
people on lower floors of apartment, buildings,
or concentrations of highly vulnerable people in
poorer areas of a city. This must be seriously
considered in human settlement planning and
relocation activities of the government.
 2. Scio- economic factors:
Wealth – low income populations are less
likely to be well prepared. Part of
preparation is having a Survival kit that
includes tools to be used, emergency food
stock and water that could last 3 to 5 days.

Education- Education programs such as the

Mtero Manila Development Authority’s
(MMDA) shake drill can instruct
populations on how to deal with hazard
events, like the “ Big One” – the anticipated
7.8 magnitude earthquake that may mat
strike Metro Manila anytime.

Nature of Society- In highly centralized

government structures, efficient emergency
response maybe the result of careful
planning and training of personnel.

Understanding of the area- Recent

migrants are likely to struggle to cope with
hazard effects compared to established
population.
3. Community preparedness
Building codes- Rigorous and applied
building codes protect most buildings from
collapse during earthquakes.
Scientific monitoring and early warning
systems- established monitoring system can
prepare people for the onslaught of any kind
of disaster.
Communication networks- Countries with
good quality and widespread
communication networks allow messages to
be quickly shared.
Emergency planning- Preparation is the
key element of prevention. Preparation for a
disaster is embodied in an Emergency Plan.
4. Dealing with the after – effects
Insurance cover- Another important aspect
of preparation is how to deal with the after
effects of a disaster.
Emergency personnel- These are trained
for community preparedness. The
availability of such personnel will vary
depending on the time of day and location
of the hazard event.
Aid request- Outside help in the form of
humanitarian aid is necessary during
disaster. However, it should be fast and
efficient.
Vulnerability to Specific Hazards-
There are many aspects of vulnerability,
arising from various physical, social, economic,
and environmental factors. Examples may
include:
 Poor design and construction of
buildings and other infrastructure;
 Inadequate protection measures of
 assets;
 Lack of public information and
awareness;
 Limited official recognition of risks and
preparedness measures, and
 Disregard for wise environmental
management.
According to the UNISDR, there are four main
types of vulnerability:
1. Physical vulnerability- may be
determined by aspects such as
population density levels, remoteness of
a settlement, the site, design and
materials used for critical infrastructure
and for housing United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction
( UNISDR)
2. Social vulnerability- refers to the
inability of people, organizations and
societies to withstand adverse impacts to
hazards due to characteristics inherent in
social interactions, institutions and
systems of cultural values.
3. Economic vulnerability- The level of
vulnerability is highly dependent upon
the economic status of individuals,
communities and nations.
4. Environmental vulnerability- Natural
resource depletion and resource
degradation are key aspects of
environmental vulnerability.
Elements at Risk and Exposed to Hazards
Persons, houses, buildings, infrastructures,
transportation systems, financial
establishments, crops, environmental sources of
living, and others like societal components.
IVPractice Teacher will discuss the Triagram of Disaster
Risk from the combination of the physical
hazards and the vulnerabilities of exposed
elements.
Triagram- is a term used in lieu of the diagram
to emphasize the triangular presentation of the
three factors of Risk namely, Hazard , Exposure
and vulnerability.
V-Enrichment Conduct a simple research about Guadalupe
Bridge in Edsa, Makati. Analyze and explain
why it is more vulnerable to earthquake as
compared to other bridges in Metro manila.
VI – Evaluation Learning Insight, summary and quizz
VII - Recommended Resources and Research in www. google.com, net book,
Material marker

Prepared by

BENAFE A. MAGHUYOP- RSW

Teacher