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Learning Module in Math 8

Date Most Essential Learning
Competencies
Illustrates rational algebraic
September 7 – 11 expressions
2020 Simplifies rational algebraic
expressions
M8AL-Ic-1, M10AL-Ic-2

September 14 - 18, Performs operations on rational

2020 algebraic expressions.
M8AL-Ic-d-1

Week 3—Day 1
Quarter I:
Lesson 5: Rational Expression

RATIONAL EXPRESSION
A rational expression in one variable is an expression that can be written
P
in the form where P and Q are polynomials in one variable and Q ≠ 0.
Q
Example:
x2 −5
Evaluate the expression when (a) x = 0 and (b) x = 1.
x−2
Solution:
2
x2 −5 (0) −5
a. = Replace x with 0
x−2 (0)−2

0−5
=
0−2

−5 1
= or 1
−2 2
2
x2 −5 (1) −5
b. =
x−2 (1)−2

1−5
=
1−2

−4
= =4
−1
 Activity No. _________
Rational Expression
Direction: Evaluate each rational expression using the indicated
values for the variables.

5 x2
1. a. when x = 4 and y = 10 b. when x = 0 and y = 11
6y

a2
2. 2 a. when a = 3 and b = 6 b. when a = -5 and b = 10
b

c−5
3. a. when c = 4 and d = 2 b. when c = 10 and d = 6
2 d+23

3e
4. a. when e = -6 and f = 5 b. when e = 8 and f = 2
5−f 2

g+6
5. a. when g = -2 and h = 2 b. when g = 4 and h = -1
2h−5
 Week 3—Day 2
Quarter I:
Lesson 5: Rational Expression

EVALUATION OF RATIONAL EXPRESSION

Example:
Find every value of the variable that makes each expression undefined.
2 a2 7 3 a+4 b
a. b. c.
a−b
a−3 (a−2)(a+1)

Solution:
a. a – 3 = 0 Set the denominator to 0

a=3 Add 3 on both sides.

2 a2
The expression is undefined if a is replaced by 3 because the
a−3
denominator would be 0.

b. (a−2)(a+1) = 0 Equate the denominator to 0

x–2=0 or x+1=0 Equate both factors to 0

x=2 x = -1

7
The expression is undefined if x is 2 or -1.
(a−2)(a+1)

c. a – b = 0 Set the denominator to 0

a=b Add b on both sides.

3 a+4 b
The expression is undefined if the variables a and b are replaced by
a−b
equal values.

Activity No. _________

Rational Expression
Direction: Find every value of the variable that makes each rational
expression undefined.
3x
1. x−3

5r
2. 2
r −4
 7
3. 2
x −14 x−32

2 x+5
4. 2
x +7 x +12

4y
5. y+ 4

3x
6. 2
4 x −16 x +15

2m+ 4
7.
8 m+ m2

5x
8. 2
5 x −24 x−5

4
9. 2
x −36
 x 2−2 x+ 3
10. 2
x +12 x+32

Week 3—Day 3
Quarter I:
Lesson 6: Division of Negatives

DIVISION OF NEGATIVES
The quotient of any nonzero expression and its negative is – 1.

3 b2−14 b−24 ( 3 b+4 ) (b−6)

= Factor both the numerator and the denominator.
48−8 b 8(6−b)

Hence,
-1
( 3 b+4 ) (b−6)
= Division of negatives
8(6−b)

−3 b−4
= Apply the Distributive Property
8
Activity No. _________
Formula for nth term
Direction: Simplify each division of negatives.
3 x −2
1.
2−3 x

10 a−2
2.
1−5 a

3 x −2
3.
2−3 x

Week 3—Day 4
Quarter I:
Lesson 7: Simplifying Rational Expressions
 A rational expression in one variable is an expression that can be written
P
in the form where P and Q are polynomials in one variable and Q ≠ 0.
Q
Procedure: 1. Factor the numerator and denominator.
2. Write a product of two rational expressions, one factor
containing the GCF of the numerator and denominator, and
the other containing the remaining factors.
Example: 3. Rewrite the factor containing the GCF as 1.
45 a2 b 4. Multiply the remaining afactors
2
+2 a by 1. 9 a+15
a. b. c.
30 ab 2 a+4 3 a2 +8 a+5

Solution:
45 a2 b 15∙ 3 ∙ a∙ a ∙ b
a. = Factor the numerator and the denominator.
30 ab 15∙ 2 ∙a ∙ b

15∙ a ∙ b 3∙ a
= Write a product, one factor containing the
15∙ a ∙ b 2
GCF of the numerator, denominator, and the
other containing the remaining factors.

3∙ a 15∙ a ∙ b
=1∙
2 15∙ a ∙ b
= 1 for all meaningful replacements.

3a
= 2 Removing a factor of 1

a2 +2 a a(a+ 2)
b. = Factor the numerator and the denominator
2 a+4 2(a+ 2)

a(a+ 2)
= Cancel or divide out the common factor a+2
2(a+ 2)

a
=
2

9 a+15 3(3 a+5)

c. 2 = Factor the numerator and denominator
3 a +8 a+5 ( 3 a+5 ) (a+ 1)

3(3 a+5)
= Cancel or divide out the common factor 3a+5
( 3 a+5 ) (a+ 1)

3
=
(a+ 1)

Activity No. _________

Simplifying Rational Expressions
Direction: Simplify each of the following rational expressions.
3x
1.
6 x2
 15 a3 b3
2.
20 a4 b 4

9 a+9
3. 2
a +2 a+1

5 x 2−20
4.
6 x +12

h2−6 a
5.
3−h

Week 4—Day 1
Quarter I:
Lesson 8: Multiplication of Rational Expression
MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

P R
∙ , where P, Q, R and S are polynomials in one variable and Q ≠ 0, R ≠ 0,
Q S
and S ≠ 0.
Also , when we multiply fractions, we can simplify before or after multiplying,
by dividing out the factors common to both numerator and denominator. For
example,

8 7 56 2 ∙ 2∙ 2∙ 7 1
∙ = = = Multiply, then eliminate the common factor.
14 12 168 2∙ 2∙ 2 ∙3 ∙ 7 3
or
8 7 2∙ 2∙ 2 7 1
∙ = ∙ = Eliminate the common factor then multiply.
14 12 2 ∙7 2∙ 2∙ 3 3

We do the same way when we multiply rational expressions

Procedure Multiplying Rational Expressions

1. Write each numerator and denominator in factored form.
2. Divide out any numerator factor with any matching denominator factor.
3. Multiply the numerators and also the denominators.
4. Simplify, if possible.

Example:
Multiply and simplify each.
a5 5 30 b2 4 c2 3d 4 f −16
a. ∙ b. ∙ c. 3 f −12 ∙
10 a3 6c 15 b4 12 d 2

Solution:
a5 5 5 a5
a. ∙ = Multiply the numerators and denominators.
10 a3 10 a3

5 a3 ∙ a 2
= Factor the numerator and denominator.
5 a3∙ 2

5 a3 ∙ a 2
= Write a product, one factor containing the GCF of
5 a3∙ 2
the numerator and denominator, and the other
containing the remaining factors.
a2 5 a3
= 1∙ =1
2 5 a3

a2
= Multiply by 1.
2

30 b2 4 c2 120 b2 c2
b. ∙ = Multiply.
6c 15 b4 90 b4 c

30 b2 c ∙ 4 c
= Factor the numerator and denominator.
30 b2 c ∙ 3 b2

30 b2 c ∙ 4 c
= Write a product, one factor containing the
30 b2 c ∙ 3 b2
GCF of the numerator and denominator,
and the other containing the remaining
factors.
 4c 30 b2 c
=1∙ 2 =1
3b 30 b2 c

4c
= Multiply by 1.
3 b2

3d 4 f −16
c. ∙
3 f −12 12 d 2

3d 4 (f −4 )
= 3(f −4) ∙ 3 d (4 d) Factor the numerators and denominators.

3d 4 (f −4 )
= 3(f −4) ∙ 3 d (4 d) Apply cancellation.

1
= 3d

Activity No. _________

Multiplying Rational Expressions
Direction: Multiply each. Express each product in its simplest
form.
4 15
1. ∙
10 20

b 21
2. ∙
15 b

(a−1)2 6
3. ∙
30 (a−1)

3 b−5 4
4. 2 ∙ b
b 5−3 b
 9 g 2 15
5. ∙ 2
5 g

Week 4—Day 2
Quarter I:
Lesson 9: Division of Rational Expression
DIVISION OF RATIONAL EXPRESSION

P R P S
÷ = ∙ , where P, Q, R and S are polynomials in one variable and Q ≠ 0,
Q S Q R
R ≠ 0, and S ≠ 0.
Procedure Dividing Rational Expressions
1. Write the equivalent multiplication statement using the reciprocal
of the divisor.
2. Factor the numerator and denominator.
3. Divide out any numerator factor with any matching denominator
factor.
4. Multiply the numerator and denominators.
5. Simplify if possible.

Example:
Divide each.
7 7 a5 2 16−x 2 x−4
a. ÷ b. ÷4a c. ÷
6 x 12 x 4 x 2+2 x x 2−4

Solution:
7 7 7 12 x
a. ÷ = ∙ Write the equivalent multiplication
6 x 12 x 6x 7
expression.
7 16 x ∙ 2
= 6x∙ 7 Factor and apply cancellation.

=2

a5 a5 1
÷4a = ∙ 2
2
b. Write the equivalent multiplication expression.
4 4 4a

a5
= Apply Quotient Rule for Exponents
16 a2

a3
=
16

16−x 2 x−4
c. 2 ÷ Write the equivalent multiplication
x +2 x x 2−4
expression.

16−x 2 x 2−4
= 2 ∙ Factor
x +2 x x−4

( 4+ x ) ( 4−x) ( x+2 ) ( x −2) (4−x)

= ∙ = -1
x ( x +2) x−4 (x−4)
 −1 ( 4+ x ) ( x−2)
= Simplify
x

−1(x 2+2 x−8)

= Simplify
x

−x 2−2 x +8
=
x

Activity No. _________

Multiplying Rational Expressions
Direction: Find each quotient. Simplify the result.
4 3
1. ÷
5 10

6 c2 90 c 5
2. 2 ÷
( 4 c) 16 c 6

t 4−u 4 4 t 2 +4 u 2
3. ÷
4 t +4 u 16

a 2+ a−12 3−q
4. 2 ÷
a +3 a−4 1−a

n2−16 n+4
5. ÷
3 21

Quarter I: Week 4—Day 3

Lesson 10: Add/Subtract Rational Expression
ADDITION / SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS WITH LIKE
DENOMINATORS
Procedure 1. Add or Subtract the numerators.
2. Retain the common denominator.
3. Simplify the results.
Example:
Add or Subtract each.
2a 3 f 3 h2 +8 h−15 4 h+ 6
a. + b. −¿ c. − 2
4b 4b f +3 f +3 2
3 h −9 h 3 h −9 h
Solution:
2a 3 2 a+3
a. + = Add the numerators and keep the same
4b 4b 4b
denominator.

f 3 f −3
b. −¿ = Subtract the numerators and keep the same
f +3 f +3 f +3
denominator.
h2 +8 h−15 4 h+ 6
c. 2
− 2 Subtract the numerators and keep the same
3 h −9 h 3 h −9 h
denominator.
h2 +8 h−15−4 h−6
= Combine like terms.
3 h 2−9 h

h2 +4 h−21
= Factor
3 h2−9 h

( h−3 ) (h+7)
= Divide out the common factor h−¿3
3 h (h−3)

h+7
=
3h
Activity No. _________
Add/Subtract Rational Expressions
Direction: Perform the indicated operations and simplify.
3 2
1. +
8 8

3 1
2. −¿
4 4

5a 2a
3. −¿
9 9
 7b 3b
4. −¿
4 4

4c 2c
5. +¿
6 6

3d 1
6. −¿
3 d−1 3 d−1

Quarter I: Week 4—Day 4

Lesson 11: Add/Subtract Rational Expression
ADDING/SUBTRACTING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS WITH DIFFERENT
DENOMINATORS

Procedure: 1. Find the least common denominator (LCD).

2. Write the equivalent expression of each rational expression.
3. Add or Subtract the numerators and keep the LCD.
4. Simplify the results, if possible.

Example:
2y 3x 3 x 4
b. + b. + −
5 x 2 4 xy x+2 x 2−4 x 2 +3 x +2

Solution:
a. The LCD for 5x2 and 4xy is 20x2y.
2y 3x 2 y ∙4 y 3 x∙5 x
+ = + Express both the denominators to 20 x 2 y .
5x 2
4 xy 2
5x ∙4 y 4 xy ∙ 5 x

8 y2 15 x 2
= + Simplify the numerators and
20 x 2 y 20 x2 y
denominators.
 8 y 2+15 x 2
= Add the rational expression.
20 x 2 y

b. The LCD for x + 2, x2 – 4, and x2 + 3x + 2 is (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 2).

3 x 4
+ 2 − 2
x+2 x −4 x +3 x +2

Factor the denominator

3 x 4
= x+2 + −
( x +2 ) (x−2) ( x+2 ) (x +1)

Express all the denominators to (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 2).

3( x +1)(x – 2) x( x+1) 4 (x – 2)
= + −
(x +1)(x – 2)( x +2) (x +1)(x – 2)( x+ 2) (x +1)( x – 2)( x +2)

Simplify
3 x2 −3 x −6 x 2−x 4 x−8
= + −
(x +1)(x – 2)( x +2) (x +1)(x – 2)( x+ 2) (x +1)( x – 2)( x +2)

Add the rational expressions.

3 x 2−3 x – 6+ x 2 – x−4 x+ 8
=
( x +1)( x – 2)( x+ 2)

Combine like terms

4 x 2−6 x +2
=
(x +1)( x – 2)(x +2)

Activity No. _________

Add/Subtract Rational Expressions
Direction: Simplify the following rational expressions.
a 6
1. −¿
a−6 6−a

b +3
2. 2
+¿ 1
b −9 b−3
 5c c−1
3. −¿
4 c+1 1+ 4 c

4
4. 2
+¿ 5 + 1
d d

References:
A. Books
Orlando A. Oronce & Marilyn O. Mendoza. 2019. E-Math. Manila,
Philippines: REX Book Store. pp. 1-32
B. Government Publications
Government of the Philippines. 2010. Philippine Statistics. Series No. 13.
Manila.

C. Online and Other Sources

Department of Education. http://www.deped.gov.ph/
Math is Fun. http://www.mathisfun.com/
Math Goodies. http://www.mathgoodies.com/lesson/