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Transformer Oil Brochure PDF
Transformer Oil Brochure PDF
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 1/19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Reference standard .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Electromagnetic compatibility ................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Marking CE ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 OUTLINE OF THE TRANSFORMER AND THE ACCESSORIES ......................................................... 4
4 RECEPTION, HANDLING, STORAGE .................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Reception ................................................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 Handling .................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.3 Storage ................................................................................................................................................... 11
5 INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Standard installation conditions ............................................................................................................ 11
5.2 Ventilation ............................................................................................................................................. 11
5.3 Insulating distances ............................................................................................................................... 13
5.4 Earthing connections ............................................................................................................................. 13
5.5 LV and HV connections ........................................................................................................................ 13
5.6 Regulation of transformation ratio ........................................................................................................ 14
5.7 Parallel connection of transformers ....................................................................................................... 14
6 TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS .......................................................................................................... 15
6.1 Over temperature protection .................................................................................................................. 15
6.2 Overloading and short circuit protection ............................................................................................... 15
6.3 Protection against over voltages ............................................................................................................ 15
7 COMMISSIONING ................................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 Mechanical checks before the commissioning ...................................................................................... 16
7.2 Electrical checks before the commissioning ......................................................................................... 17
7.3 Insulating fluid level.............................................................................................................................. 17
7.4 Arcing horns .......................................................................................................................................... 18
7.5 Air dryer ................................................................................................................................................ 18
7.6 Buchholz Relay ..................................................................................................................................... 18
7.7 Thermometer ......................................................................................................................................... 18
7.8 Integrated safety device ......................................................................................................................... 18
7.9 Operations for commissioning .............................................................................................................. 19
OIL TRANSFORMER HV/LV
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 3/19
1 INTRODUCTION
1.3 Marking CE
TESAR does not affix the marking CE on its transformers as foreseen at paragraph 5.4.2 of the “Guide
to the application of the Directive 89/336/EEC” which excludes from the Directive application field:
• High voltage inductor
• High voltage transformer
2 GENERAL
This publication aims to guide users on the properties of power and distribution transformers insulated
with mineral, silicone or vegetable oil. Two types of transformers are considered:
- Hermetically sealed total filled (Fig. 1)
- Breathing with conservator (Fig. 2)
OIL TRANSFORMER HV/LV
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 4/19
i
f
b
4.1 Reception
The transformer is generally supplied totally assembled and ready to be connected to the medium and
low voltage line.
According to the specification, the transformer is shipped with a polythene protection, or packed into
wooden cage, for protection against dust and little shocks, or finally packed into a wooden case for
over-sea shipments.
On receipt of the transformer, both at the client's plants or at site, it is necessary to carry out the
following checks:
• Check there are no signs of damage on the packing or on the transformer occurred during the
transport.
• The characteristics of the transformer detailed on the rating plate must correspond to those of the
shipping documents and with those of the test report, which is attached to the transformer.
• Check each transformer is complete with the accessories foreseen in the contract (wheels, bushing,
etc.).
IMPORTANT: In case any anomalies are found, please contact immediately the manufacturer.
If within 5 days there will be no notification of anomalies or defects, it can be considered that the
transformer has been delivered in perfect conditions. The manufacturer, therefore, cannot be
considered responsible neither for what could happen to the transformer during service nor for
the eventual consequences.
OIL TRANSFORMER HV/LV
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 9/19
4.2 Handling
During the transport or the handling, it is recommended to use only the special lifting eyes and tow
attachments (see “ g ”and “ f ” letter in the Fig. 4).
IMPORTANT: The transformer cannot be moved pushing the cooling fins or radiators or tank.
Ropes must be arranged so as not to interfere with the radiators or cooling fins.
Lifting can be made using the appropriate hooks remembering to use ropes long enough so that H is
never less than L (Fig. 6). Always use all the existing hooks and not only one of them.
Example of handling
4.3 Storage
4.3.1 Transformer for indoor installation
The transformer must be stored in a sheltered, clean and dry ambient maintaining the packing up to the
installation.
4.3.2 Transformer for outdoor installation
The transformer may be stored outdoor until the installation time.
5 INSTALLATION
In case the height of the place of installation and/or the ambient temperature values are higher
than the ones specified above, it is necessary to specify it at the ordering stage since a particular
dimensioning of the transformer depends upon these values.
5.2 Ventilation
The electric current passing through the windings, and the effect of the core magnetising current
produce electrical losses resulting in localised heating of the windings and core.
The transformer is designed in such a way that natural cooling maintains the transformer temperature
under the maximum values foreseen by the standards.
In order to avoid temperature accumulation in the room where the transformer is installed, it is
necessary to provide suitable ventilation.
Each TESAR transformer is equipped with a thermometer pocket where a thermometer with contacts
may be installed (optional accessory).
The suggested values for setting the contacts are following (oil temperature):
Description Alarm °C Trip °C
In order not to obstruct cooling is necessary that the transformer is installed at a distance not less
than 30 cm from the walls and not less than 60 cm from other transformers.
• Forced cooling
Forced cooling is necessary in the following cases:
• Frequent overloading
• Low-dimensioned room
• Room scarcely ventilated
• Medium daily temperature higher than 30°C.
The forced cooling can be realized by means of installation of air extractor located in the upper
part of the room controlled by a suitable thermostat or directly by a transformer thermal protection
relay, with a suggested flow of approx. 3,5÷4 m3/min for each kW of total losses at 120 °C (if the
losses are at 75°C, they must be multiplied by 1.15).
ATTENTION: an insufficient air circulation, besides reducing the nominal life of the
transformer, causes over heating which, in the worst cases, can determine the intervention of the
thermal protection relay.
OIL TRANSFORMER HV/LV
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 13/19
The transformer, also with plug-in bushing, must be protected against direct contacts.
Fig. 11 Cables coming from the bottom (left) and from the top (right)
OIL TRANSFORMER HV/LV
Emiss. 10/12
INSTALLATION AND USE MANUAL
Rev.00 - Pag. 14/19
Note: At the time of shipping, the position of the voltage off-load tap-changer are located on the
central tap.
In case of transformers with double ratio, please be sure that the position corresponding to the voltage
of the system feeding the transformer is properly connected.
Note: At the time of shipping, the position of the voltage off-load tap-changer are connected on
the position of the higher primary voltage.
Important
A) In case of transformers with double ratio, please be sure the tap corresponding to
voltage of the system feeding the transformer it-self, is duly connected.
B) In case the position of the tap-changer has to be changed after the transformer has
been put into service the first time, it is recommended to put the transformer out of
service and to connect to ground the LV and HV circuits before approaching the
transformer.
6 TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS
• The thermometer is generally installed in the thermometric pocket on the cover of the tank.
The thermometer may be equipped with two settable contacts, one for alarm, the other for trip.
The suggested values are written at paragraph 5.2.
• The integrated safety device for hermetically sealed transformer (RIS or equivalent) provides:
- two settable contacts for temperature, one for alarm and the other for trip. The suggested values
are written at paragraph 5.2.
- one settable trip contact for pressure (The suggested value is 0.3 bar)
- one trip contact for oil level
The protections setting and/or the choice of fuses HV and LV side, must be carried out taking into
consideration the primary and secondary rated currents stated in the transformer rating plate, taking
also into consideration that when we feed the transformer, a very high magnetizing current is
established on the primary, by means of variable starting from a minimum of 10 times the rated
current (in the worst conditions of insertion depending from the instant when the feeding circuit is
closed, from the electric characteristics of the feeding network, from the reactance and resistance
values of the circuit network-transformer, the insertion current can reach also 20 times the rated
current), even if the automatic switch located on the secondary is open and therefore without loading.
Therefore, it is necessary to duly set the relay of maximum current HV side, in current and time value,
by introducing a little delay (approx. some tens of ms), in such a way that the protection relay will not
operate. Furthermore, we suggest limiting the number of connections and disconnection of the
transformer on the network.
7 COMMISSIONING
Bushing
On the central conductor LV/HV in copper or brass
Bolts M8 M12 M20 M30x2 M42x3 M48x3 M55x3 M75x3
Torque N*m 10 13 30 70 110 180 250 250
Mechanical parts
Bolts M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22
Torque N*m 20 45 75 125 190 275 385 530
ATTENTION: In case a transformer is put into service after a long storage period, or
after a long de-energised period, it will be necessary:
1) clean the HV/LV bushings from eventual dust and condensation by means of dry
compressed air jets and dry cloth.
2) if the transformer has been held in stock far more than six months in normal climates
or far more than a month in damp climates, check the dielectric strength of the
insulating oil. Using the procedure established by the IEC standard to check the
dielectric strength of the insulating oil, if the test is negative proceed to dry the
dielectric oil of the transformer, otherwise contact Tesar.
It is recommended, finally, to carry out always a visual check of the transformer in order
to verify any unlikely presence on the surface the cooling ducts
Insulation Class A B
[kV] [mm] [mm]
12 ≥15 70
17.5 ≥15 90
24 ≥15 100
36 ≥15 200
In case the values correspond to those stated in the rating plate, it is possible to proceed and
complete the commissioning or to carry out the checks for the parallel service.
Closing of LV switch
Complete the commissioning of the transformer closing the LV switch.
IMPORTANT
We remind you that qualified technical personnel must carry out the operation,
commissioning and energization. Furthermore, during the voltage measurements and the
phase displacement checks on the upper terminals of the LV switches, you are
recommended to use suitable instruments and suitable insulating gauntlets.
For more accurate and complete checks, please contact our Assistance Service
Phone (+39)-0575.317.1
Fax (+39)-0575.317.201
E-Mail info@tesar.eu