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MODULE 2 Fundamental With Intel
MODULE 2 Fundamental With Intel
Lesson Objective:
1. Discuss the concept of criminal responsibility.
2. Discuss what is police power
3. Explain the inadmissibility of evidence
4. Enumerate the qualities of an effective investigator
PD 1508 – as amended cited that “the customs and traditions of indigenous cultural
communities shall be applied in setting disputes between members of the cultural
communities” (paragraph 3, Section 412 of RA 7160)
Therefore, the investigator should also be reminded of this practice and be
sensitive enough in assisting the prosecution of the case if feasible.
Criminal responsibility is also affected by some other factor such as age or the
soundness of the mind of the presumed criminal, these are minors and lunatics.
Technically, the term minor, child or children refers to someone who is not yet
in their puberty stage.
Puberty on the other hand is the stage wherein the child is capable of
reproduction.
Legally, child is defined as any person below the age of 18 years (par.5 section
4, RA 9344 as amended)
Legally, children refer to a person under eighteen (18) years of age or those over,
but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from
abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or
mental disability or condition (par. 1, section 3, RA 7610).
Lunatics are those individuals whose minds are in the state of sickness or ill.
These are those individuals who cannot decide on their own and cannot take
good care of themselves even if they are already above the age of emancipation.
Age of emancipation – simply means as the life stage of the individual whereby
parental authority over him ceases.
In the Philippines the age of emancipation is 18 years.
RA 9344 as amended provides that child/children who is/are 15 years old and
below during the commission of the crime shall automatically exempt the child
from criminal responsibility.
Procedural Criminal Investigation – refers to the knowledge regarding the rules on how
pieces of physical evidence should be processed in order to maintain its integrity
during the presentation and be given credit by the trial court.
Physical Evidence – refers to any material or substance which is found in the crime
scene and has a logical connection to the offense charged and which aids the
investigator in solving the case.
Crime Scene – is simply the area where the crime took place and where all pieces of
physical evidence were gathered and collected.
Evidence in any crime incident dictates the outcome of the case as a result of criminal
investigation as these are the primary source that will serve as the bases in
prosecuting the person who will be held for trial.
Accused – the person who is referred to as the person brought before the court of law
trial.
In the Philippines, the Revised Rules of Court provides for the requirement as to how
individual evidence will be admitted such that:
Under the law, there are three general classifications of evidence that investigator
must remember such as:
1. Object Evidence – an evidence which by its nature can be brought before the
court as these are the actual materials that are recovered from the crime scene.
These are also evidence which directly addresses to the senses of the court.
The term perpetrator refers to the person suspected to have committed an act which is
defined by law as crime and whose identify was unknown to the police.
In the course of investigating crime, criminal investigation takes the following stages to
ensure the success of the case being handled namely: