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Maximal Flow Algorithm Applied To Delegation of Tasks During The Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition
Maximal Flow Algorithm Applied To Delegation of Tasks During The Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition
Research Collaboration
Co-Author
Josephine A. Camson, MAT
Department of Mathematics, BS Mathematics Program
Abstract
Maximal Flow Algorithm was applied to assign tasks to major working com-
mittees for the Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition with the
optimal number of committees involved in this activity during the A.Y. 2014-
2015. Specifically, this aimed to present the existing assignments of major
committees in ICCAC, to apply maximal flow algorithm and to find the opti-
mal number of committees assigned in a specific task. Maximal flow problem
was applied to every associated task involved in Inter-Collegiate and Cam-
puses Athletic Competition to reduce the target time assigned to each task.
Similarly, it also attempted to motivate the major working committees to focus
on the major task and work efficiently with an optimal number of committees
involved. Existing tasking of major committees in ICCAC was also present-
ed, and several committees have parallel assignments which minimized tasks
according to the nature of work. Through the maximal flow algorithm, time
spend in performing the assigned task of every major working committees will
be reduced and the idle time bound of every task will be minimized.
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Introduction
The Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition is a
traditional event in Southern Luzon State University. ICCAC consists of 18
associated tasks performed by the working committees of the said event.
For three (3) years the researcher was able to witness the annual sports
and cultural event for students from the main and satellite campuses or
the Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition. After reading
the concept of the maximal flow, the researcher realized that it could be
applied in giving assignment to perform activities.
This study focused on the concept of maximal flow algorithm applied
to the assignment of Inter Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition
2014 which aimed to present the existing assignments of major committees
during ICCAC; to apply maximal flow algorithm in the delegation of tasks
of ICCAC; and to find the optimal number of committees assigned in a
specific task. Participants, administrator, instructors, students and even
future researchers will be benefitted by the result of this study. The study’s
significance lies on the systematic and efficient operation of the committees
for each tasks in the ICCAC through flow algorithm to reduce delays in the
activities.
The study presented the assigned task of the major working committees
and analyzed the existing tasking practices during ICCAC. The data
coming from the interview of the concerned persons and the head of
the sports and cultural activities was limited and used to analyze to task
assigned in every committee. At the same time, it is also limited to the 18
associated tasks based on the manual of operations of the Inter-Collegiate
and Campuses Athletic Competition 2014. These include Program and
Invitation, Opening and Closing Program, Manual of Operation, Finance
Committee, Supplies/Equipment Committee, Game Venue, Facilities and
Ground Preparation, Information, Communication and Documentation,
Technical Committee, Technical Secretariat, Screening Committee, Food
and Refreshment, Medals and Trophies, Prizes and Token, Parade, Peace
and Order, Medical/Dental/First Aid/Health and Sanitation Committee,
Stage Decoration and Sound System, Accommodation Committee/
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Method
The research used the descriptive analysis of the data in the study.
The researcher analyzed and measured every flow to find the optimal
number of person in a specific task. Data were gathered from the head of
the Sports and Cultural activity and members of each committee. To apply
the algorithm for the maximal flow, a path from source S to I that could
accommodate a positive flow was determined. Since all flows were positive,
committees one (1) to thirty-one could definitely be accommodated. The
maximum flow of the first path that could be shipped was determined. The
direct capacity (that is, the capacity in the direction of the flow of the k
units) of each branch of this path was decreased by k and was increased in
reverse capacity by k. K unit was added to the amount delivered to the sink.
This was performed until there was no path from the source node S to the
sink node I that could accommodate a positive flow.
Since there was no path from the source to sink that permitted flow,
the network was given. The optimal number of major working committees
of each task was determined by comparing the original network with the
final network.
Discussion
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Ryan stated that, managing a project is not an easy task. It exerts more
effort on time and tends to be handled by groups of person. The number
of persons assigned in a specific task depends on the size of the project
or activity. Using network analysis could provide an up-to-the-minute
assessment between the actual and planned activity. It is the best way to
reduce time.
The same statement was stated by Thierauf (2014), network analysis
has an underlying logic that forces disciplined thinking in planning a
project if followed, that logic will increase committee’s confidence that
they are aware of the important elements of their programs or activities.
It can also provide a useful tool for carrying out their responsibilities
for controlling projects and taking actions to ensure to what extent that
projects are proceeding according to plan and according to the responsible
person’s involves.
To illustrate maximum Flow algorithm, an assignment problem was
considered, the Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition’14
(ICCAC) which involved 18 associated tasks. These are: Program and
Invitation, Opening and Closing Program, Manual of Operation, Finance
Committee, Supplies/Equipment Committee, Game Venue, Facilities and
Ground Preparation, Information, Communication and Documentation,
Technical Committee, Technical Secretariat, Screening Committee, Food
and Refreshment, Medals and Trophies, Prizes and Token, Parade, Peace
and Order, Medical/Dental/First Aid/Health and Sanitation Committee,
Stage Decoration and Sound System, Accommodation Committee/
Billeting Quarters and Physical Arrangement/Area Cleanliness.
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assigned to each arc (Aj,I) is the sum of the capacities for example A2I has
capacity equals to three (3) since C3, C4, and C5, were assigned to do A1
which belongs to A1 and 1 unit capacity was assigned to each committee to
sum it up a value of 4 units was determined.
Every node or vertex in the network, except the source node S and
sink node I has at most one incoming arc or at most one outgoing arc. This
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means one is always the minimum capacity and the flow will always be
increased by one step.
In a path the maximum flow that can be shipped does not exceed the
capacity of any set, the algorithm will terminate after finite number of
path which accommodate a positive flow. The value of a maximum flow
in the graph is actually equal to the capacity of a minimum cut as stated
in the theorem, known as the maximum flow-minimum-cut theorem. The
maximum flow value is equal to the minimum capacity. The connection
between flows and cuts arises from the observation that the value of any
flow is less than or equal to the capacity of any cut. This inequality always
holds because the removal of any edge in the cut separates the network into
parts X and Y. But the value of the flow is the amount of product flowing
through the network and all this product must travel from X to Y along the
edges of the cut. So the value of the flow cannot exceed k, the maximum
flow allowed through the arc. In fact, if F denoted the value of flow then F
is given by the equation F = (total flow from X to Y) - (total flow from Y
to X) since the total flow from X to Y is at most k, and the total flow from
Y to X is at least zero, the value of F is less than or equal to k. They can go
further since the value of any flow is less than or equal to the capacity of
any cut. This inequality must be true for a maximum flow in particular. So,
the value of any maximum flow is less than or equal to the capacity of any
minimum cut. In particular, find a flow with value and a cut with capacity
equal to this value of k, and then, the flow is a maximum flow.
The directed capacity (or the capacity in the direction of the flow of
k units) is decreased by the maximum flow value of each branch of the
path and the reverse capacity is increased by k units Add k units to the
amount delivered to the sink. Then, look for another path until all paths
with positive flow has been saturated. If the maximum flow saturates all
source and sink arcs, then, it has a feasible or possible solutions; otherwise
it is infeasible.
The idea in applying maximum flow algorithm in Inter-Collegiate and
Campuses Athletic Competition’ 14 (ICCAC) is to find a path or branch
from source S to sink I that can accommodate a positive flow and to
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The figure shows that one path from source to sink that can
accommodate a positive flow is the branch (SC1, C2A2, A2I). Committee 1
was assigned to task A2 which is Opening and Closing Program.
Step 2: Determine the maximum flow that can be shipped along the
path and denote it by k. The maximum amount of materials that can be
sent along this path is a minimum (1,1,3) = 1 unit, the capacity of SC1 and
C1A2.
Step 3: Decrease the direct capacity (that is, the capacity in the direction
of the flow of the k units) of each branch of this path by k and increase the
reverse capacity by k. Add k units to the amount delivered to the sink.
Making such a shipment, will increase the supply at A1 from 0 to 1 and at
the same time will decrease the capacity of SC1, C1A2 and A2I by 1 unit and
will increase by this same amount its capacities of C1S, A2 and I1A2.The
changes in the capacities of each branch for flows in the 2 directions are
indicated near the ends of the branch.
Step 4: Consider the path (SC2, C2A9, A9I) and apply same algorithm
as in first path considered. The previous figure is another path that can
accommodate a positive flow (SC2, C2A9, A9I1). By step 2, the maximum
amount that can be sent along this minimum (1,1,3) = 1 unit. Increase
the supply at A1 by unit 1 from 3+1 = 4 and at the same time decrease the
capacity of SC2, C2A9, A9I1 by unit 1 and decrease by this same amount its
capacities of C2S, A9C2 and I1A9 by step 3. Committee 2 was assigned to task
A9 which is the Stage Decoration and Sound System.
Apply the algorithm for the maximal flow until the last flow was
determined. Since all flows were positive, committees one (1) to thirty-
one could definitely be accommodated. The maximum flow of the first
path that could shipped was determined. The direct capacity (that is, the
capacity in the direction of the flow of the k units) of each branch of this
path was decreased by k and was increased the reverse capacity by k. K unit
was added to the amount delivered to the sink. This was performed until
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there was no path from the source node S to the sink node I that could
accommodate a positive flow.
Since there was no path from the source to sink that permitted flow, thus
the network was given. The optimal number of major working committees
of each task was determined by comparing the original network with the
final network.
Figure 3 (in the previous page) shows the final model/network of the
Inter-Collegiate and Campuses Athletic Competition which corresponds to
the optimal number of major working committees assigned in every task.
The tasks were grouped or minimized according to similarities in terms of
work and corresponding level. Considering the color of every edge, the same
color means the same task. Black edges refer to the technical committees;
blue for the award committees; red for the program committees; light green
for the logistic committees; purple for the supplies committees; light blue
for the documentation committees; orange for the securities and first-aid
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committees; pink for the manual operation committee; neon green for the
finance committee and yellow for the screening committee. Those colors
represent the committees assigned with the same task. The following table
presented the optimal number of major committees assigned in each task.
Table 2 shows the ten (10) minimized tasks with its associated
assignments which corresponds to the optimal number of major
committees. A1 represents the Technical Committees which includes
Technical Committee and Technical Secretariat; A2 represents the
Award Committees which includes Prizes, Token, Trophies and Awards.
Furthermore, A3 represents the Program Committees which include
Program, Invitation, Opening and Closing program; A4 represents the
Logistic Committees which includes Game Venues, Facilities, Ground
Preparation, Stage Decoration, Sound System, Accommodation/Billeting
Quarters, Physical Arrangement and Area Cleanliness; A5 represents
the Supplies Committees which includes Equipment, Supplies, Food
and Refreshment. A6 represent the Documentation Committees which
includes Information, Communication and Documentation. Moreover, A7
represents the Security and First-Aid Committees which includes Medical,
Dental, Health, Sanitation, Parade and Peace and Order. A8 represent
as Manual Operation Committee. In addition, A9 represent the Finance
Committee. Lastly, A10 represents the Screening Committee.
These reductions, considered as shipments, constitutes the optimal task
assignment. The value of the maximum flow is 31, which can be checked
by finding the minimum cut (A1I, A2I, A3I, A4I, A5I, A6I, A7I, A8I A9I,
A10I) = 3+2+3+6+2+3+7+1+1+3=31.This means that the optimal number
of major committees for every associated task for the Inter-Collegiate
and Campuses Athletic Competition’ 14 (ICCAC) are as follows: Three
represents the Technical Committees which includes Technical Committee
and Technical Secretariat. Two represents the Award Committees which
includes Prizes, Token, Trophies and Awards. Furthermore, 3 represents
the Program Committees which include Program, Invitation, Opening
and Closing program. 6 represents as Logistic Committees which includes
Game Venues, Facilities, Ground Preparation, Stage Decoration, Sound
System, Accommodation/Billeting Quarters, Physical Arrangement
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Conclusions
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion, the researcher came up with the
following recommendations:
References
Ahuja R., Magnanti T., & Orlin J., (1993). Network flows: Theory, algorithms
and applications. London: Prentice-Hall.
Das Purkayastha J. (2001). Project Network Diagrams: Important Tool
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