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Optimal Placement of A Walltank Magnetic Shunt in A Transformer
Optimal Placement of A Walltank Magnetic Shunt in A Transformer
Abstract— This paper presents the optimal location and the formulation of genetic operators must be provided. Then,
geometry of a magnetic shunt in a distribution power four data processing steps: representation, selection, crossover
transformer. To speed up the problem solution, it is divided into and mutation are invoked. GAs are able to locate promising
two cases; firstly, an axisymmetric FE model is used to find its
regions for global optima in a search space, but sometimes
vertical placement and secondly, a 3D magnedynamic FE model
is employed to find remaining dimensions. A genetic algorithm have difficult in finding the exact minimum of these optima
and the Powell method are used to find a global minimum. [3]. On the other hand, deterministic methods are known for
their fast convergence speed but they are very sensitive to the
I. INTRODUCTION initial guess of the solution. Therefore, the benefit of
Stray losses occur due to leakage magnetic flux, occurring combining the Powell method and the GA were exploited in
in the windings and the conductive regions of transformers. the current problem [4]. Fig. 2 shows the results when the
Stray losses in metallic transformer parts cause hot spots, optimal placement and geometry of the magnetic shunt has
which may be avoided using an optimal placement of been achieved.
magnetic shunts [1]. This paper presents the optimal The fitness value is calculated by the objective function:
placement of magnetic shunts in a transformer. Two Finite F = Pi wt (x ) − kPi max + V (x ) (1)
Element (FE) linear models are used in combination to carry
subject to: xmin ≤ x ≤ xmax
out the optimization, an axi-symmetric magnetodynamic and a
where x is the design variable vector, Piwt represents the wall-
3D magnetodynamic, with a surface impedance model for the
tank loss intensity, Pmaxi is the maximum power loss density, k
tank wall [2]. The optimization problem is solved using
is the desired percentage loss reduction and V represents the
Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the Powell method.
magnetic shunt volume.
II. DESIGN PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 1
with shunt
without shunt
The objective function is defined such that the wall-tank 0.8
Power intensity (pu)
V. REFERENCES
[1] M. Horii, N. Takahashi, and J. Takehara, “3-D Optimization of Design
Variables in x-, y- and z- Directions of Transformer Tank Shield
Fig. 1. Design variables in (a) 2D model and (b) 3D model. Model”. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp 3631-
3634, September 2001.
[2] SLIM Electromagnetic Engineering User Manual, ver. 3.7.1. Areva
III. OPTIMAL SOLUTION T&D Technology Centre. England. 2005.
To define properly the GA machinery, the size m of the [3] D. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine
Learning, Addison-Wesley, 1989, pp. 27-54.
initial population Ω´(m) of individuals Gi, i=1,…m, the [4] S. S. Rao, Engineering Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, 1996, pp.
coding method, the fitness index F(Gi) of each individual, and 357-368.