Trường: THPT VĨNH THẠNH

CHAPTER 1– PROPOSITIONS. SETS (ALGEBRA 10)

Vocabulary
1 Proposition Mệnh đề
2 Set Tập hợp
3 Propositional variables Mệnh đề chứa biến
4 Denote Kí hiệu
5 Propositional entailment Mệnh đề kéo theo
6 Hypothesis Giả thiết
7 Conclusion Kết luận
8 Sufficient Điều kiện đủ
9 Necessary Điều kiện cần
10 Triangle Tam giác
11 Converse of a Proposition Mệnh đề đảo
12 Equivalent Tương đương
13 Isosceles triangle Tam giác cân
14 Angle Góc
15 Equilateral triangle Tam giác đều
16 Determine Xác định
17 Divisible Phép chia
18 Rationnal number Số hữu tỉ
19 Element Phần tử
20 Subset Tập con
21 Empty set Tập rỗng
22 Integer Số nguyên
23 Equal sets Tập hợp bằng nhau
24 Operation Phép toán
25 Intersection of two sets Giao hai tập hợp
26 Union of two sets Hợp hai tập hợp
27 Difference of two sets Hiệu hai tập hợp
 28 Complement of two sets Phần bù hai tập hợp
29 Open interval Khoảng
30 Closed interval Đoạn
31 Half open interval Nửa khoảng
32 Positive infinity Dương vô cực
33 Negative infinity Âm vô cực

Problem 1. Using Venn diagrams

An instructor surveyed her class of 40 students and found that all of them
either watched TV or surfed the Internet last evening. The number of students
who watched TV but did not surf the Internet was 10. The number who surfed
the Internet but did not watch TV was 16. Find the number who did both.
Solution

TV
Internet
10 ? 16

Figure 1.1

Draw a two-circle Venn diagram as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Since 10 students watched TV, but did not surf, place 10 inside the TV circle,
but outside the Internet circle. Since 16 surfed, but did not watch TV, place 16
inside the Internet circle, but outside the TV circle. Since the total in all three
regions is 40, subtract 10 and 16 from 40 to get 14. So 14 is the number in the
intersection of the two regions. So 14 students did both.
Problem 2. Shoe Sizes
The available shoe sizes at a store are whole numbers from 5 to 9, inclusive.
List all the possible shoe sizes in the store.
Solution
Since shoe sizes are whole numbers from 5 to 9 and shoe sizes are positive
numbers
Thus, all the possible shoe sizes in the store is member of the set {5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 }
.

Problem 3. Salary
The annual starting salary for an administrative assistant at a university can
range from $30,000 to $40,000, inclusive. Write the salary range in interval
notation.
Solution
The salary range in interval that consists of all numbers greater than or equal
to 30, 000 and less than or equal 40, 000.
Thus, the salary range in interval notation, the set of numbers is written as
[30,000; 40,000].
Problem 4. Subset of the real numbers
What subset of the real numbers would you use to describe the populations of
several cities?
Solution
The subset of the real numbers that we would use to describe the populations
of several cities is the set of natural numbers not including 0, is written as N .
Problem 5. Subset of the real numbers
What subset of the real numbers would you use to report temperatures in
several cities?
Solution
The subset of the real numbers that we would use to report temperatures in
several cities is the set of integers numbers, is written as Z .
Problem 5. A class has 40 students, registered to play at least one of two
sports: football and badminton. There are 30 students registered football, 25
students registered badminton. How many registered both sports?
Solution
Let A be the set of students registered to play football.
Elements of the set A are n (A) = 30
Call B is the set of students registered to play badminton.
Elements of the set B are: n (B) = 25
The number of students registered to play both sports are
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B) = 15