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Information and Communication Technology
Information and Communication Technology
Having a unified way to communicate is one of communication technology tools; printing press,
Technologies that enables humans to Improved housing and lifestyle- most of the
communicate with one another items we have in our home today are automated
o Software- programs and other operating Improved entertainment- we have more video
Business growth- manufacturing, selling, information and various types of electrically mediated
Better utilization of resources- modern tools such as gathering, networking, and other IT
help utilize the natural resources for the processing, storing and infrastructures to help
optimum use. Irrigations an, hydel power plants, presenting data relay or manage info
Technology
SECOND GENERATION
- The concept of technology always starts with the similar to vacuum tubes, but is lightweight and
up with machines that can do the tasks faster Integrated Circuit (IC)
under the control of instructions stored in its elements compressed in a single package
own memory that can accept data, manipulate - The IC revolutionized the use of computers and
data according to specified rules, produce results electronic devices because circuits are integrated
and store the results for the future use. in a chip or single package, limiting the distance
between components, resulting a faster operating
Automated systems- can reduce the instances
speed.
of errors, which are usually caused by human-
FOURTH GENERATION
based decisions and comprehension
- Very Large Scale Integrated (VSLI) circuits
Intelligent systems- are far more complex and
were used to build computers
are capable of learning. Artificial intelligence
- The circuits had about 500o transistors and other
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS circuit elements with their connected circuits on
a single chip known as Microprocessor
First generation- 1946- 1959
- Personal Computers became more powerful,
Second- 1959- 1965 dense, reliable and inexpensive
Third- 1965- 1971
Fourth-1971- 1980 FIFTH GENERATION
Fifth – 1980-onwards - Ultra Large Integration (ULSI) technology
- This generation involves computer intelligence GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTER
which is associated with Artificial Intelligence
1. Personal computer – a small, single-user computer
(AI), natural language and expert systems that
based in a microprocessor
interpret the means and practice of producing
2. Workstation- like a pc but it has a more powerful
computers that think like human beings.
microprocessor and higher quality monitor
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER 3. Minicomputer- the multi-user computer capable of
supporting from 10 to hundreds of users
1. Input devices
simultaneously
a. Keyboard
4. Mainframe- a powerful multi-user computer
b. Mouse
capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of
c. Mic
users simultaneously
d. Scanner
5. Supercomputer- extremely fast computer that can
e. Digital camera
perform millions of instructions per second
f. PC video Camera
2. Output devices
a. Printer
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
i. Non-impact printer
ii. impact printer - Desktop computers
b. monitor - Laptop computers
i. CRT - Tablet computers
ii. LCD - Smartphones
iii. LED - Wearables
c. Speaker - Smart tv’s
3. System unit
a. System unit if the enclosure composed DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE AND
of the main elements of a computer that COMPUTER AGE
is used to administer data
Digital age, information age, and computer age
4. Storage
used interchangeably, capture the ubiquitous
a. Flash disk drive
nature of computing and the prolific use of
b. Hard disk drive
technology in almost all aspects of human
c. Compact disk
activity such that digital interaction is defining
WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL characteristic of human activity
o 4th industrial revolution is all about
Speed
automation and AI
Reliability and consistency
It is a period in human history characterized by
Accuracy
the shift from traditional industry to information
Communication technology-based economy brought by
industrialization during the Industrial destination. traditionally, professionals send
Revolution. The definition of digital means messages to the audience through the news.
continues to change overtime mean continues to
THE MESSENGER
change over time as new techs, user devices and
methods of interaction with other people and
The messenger is the one who delivers the
devices enter the domain of research,
message. This is why broadcasters, for example,
development and market launch.
being the messenger of news are called “media”.
This period is also characterized by the digital
industry creating a knowledge-based society OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
surrounded by a high-tech global economy that
A trend refers to something hip or popular at a certain
exerts its influence on how the manufacturing
point of time. It can be a particular style in fashion,
process and the service sector work in an
devices, or entertainment. A new trend may always
efficient and convenient way
come along to replace the old one.
MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE
1. IOS AND SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
Media normally refers to the means of The vision of the so-called Internet of Things
communication that uses unique tools to (IoT) has evolved due to the convergence of
interconnect among people. The forms of media technologies, including pervasive wireless
include television, radio, cellular phones and communication , data analytics, machine
internet. learning and use of hardware technology such as
In the digital age, however, media can be sensors, microprocessors and microcontrollers.
considered as the message, the medium and the 2. AUGMENTED REALITY VS VIRTUAL
messenger REALITY
Augmented reality involves blending of
THE MESSAGE computer-generated features to the real world as
experienced by a subject. On the other hand,
Media is considered to be the message itself for
virtual reality includes immersing the user fully
those who created and own the rights of the
in a virtual world while separating him from the
content. The forms of content can be user-
real world. Virtual reality is hence much
generated or professionally produced. User-
complicated than augmented reality and needs
generated content (UGC) is a form of content
high cost and technology.
created and owned by the users of a system.
3. MACHINE LEARNING
Blog (website that contains written events,
Also called artificial intelligence , having
stories and topics). Vlog (contains videos)
machines decide for you seems to be a daunting
THE MEDIUM task and would probably make you think of
robots and talking computers, similar to
The medium used refers to the tools used in
sending a message from the source to the
ironman’s Jarvis. Examples are siri, cortana and Music (spotify), movies (Netflix), and drivers
alexa. (grab) are made available through the apps in a
The IOS’ intelligent personal assistant, Siri has smartphone.
also been upgraded with enhanced learning
making the use of iphone more efficient. Its
latest features include the following:
o face id
o all bionic
o wireless changing
o ios 11-13
o augmented reality
4. AUTOMATION
Through advanced technology, it is now
possible to automate previously human-
exclusive tasks. This is very much evident
through wearable devices such as step counters
and heart rate monitors used by health-conscious
individuals. Information collected is
automatically saved and stored in mobile
devices for analysis later on.
5. BIG DATA
Big data is a term that describes large and
complex volumes of data. But it is not how
much data an organization has; it is what they do
with it that matters. Big data can be analyzed for
insights which can help management make
better decisions and come up withy more
effective strategic plans. Example is waze.
6. PHYSICAL-DIGITAL INTEGRATION
Majority of organizations nowadays are moving
towards system automation. As such, they
identify their physical elements and create
digital data for more efficient operation and back
up.
7. EVERYTHING ON DEMAND
Due to the prevalence of network connectivity, it
is possible to have information on demand.