The Death of Gomburza & the Propaganda who were executed on February 17, 1872.
Movement
In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora (Gomburza), all
Filipino priests, were executed by the Spanish
colonizers on charges of subversion. The charges
against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were
their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at
the Cavite Naval Yard. The death of Gomburza
awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment
among the Filipinos. They questioned Spanish
authorities and demanded reforms. The martyrdom
of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the
organization of the Propaganda Movement, which
aimed to seek reforms and inform Spain of the
abuses of its colonial government.
The illustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for reforms.
Because of their education and newly acquired
wealth, they felt more confident about voicing out
popular grievances. However, since the illustrados
themselves were a result of the changes that the
Spanish government had been slowly
implementing, the group could not really push very
hard for the reforms it wanted. The illustrados did
not succeed in easing the sufferings of the
Filipinos; but from this group arose another faction
called the intelligentsia.  The intelligentsia also
wanted reforms; but they were more systematic
and used a peaceful means called the Propaganda
Movement.
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
CONSOLIDATION OF PROPAGANDA
ACTIVITIES: THE FINAL PUSH FOR REFORMS
Unifying Forces during the unorganized years -
The propaganda worked individually, in the
beginning, writing articles expressing their
nationalistic sentiments for liberal and radial
Spanish newspapers.
Revival of Activities in the Philippines - As the
campaign for reforms In Spain became more
intense, the nationalist reformists in the Philippines
were busy with their won plans led by Marcelo H,
delPilar.
Filipino Nationalists formally organized - Since
the propagandists had started their crusade for
reforms in Spain in the 1880.
Movement inspired by GomBurZa - Fathers
Mariano Gomez , Jose Burgos , Jacinto Zamora
Awakened Filipinos and inspired the organization of
the Propaganda Movement.
Glimpses of propaganda Literature - The spirit of
the movement was predominantly political,
however, it produced nationalistic literary works
which contributed to the blossoming Filipino
literature.
Masonry and the Propaganda movement -
Disgusted with the role of the friars in the Philippine
affairs, the Filipino propagandists in Spain affiliated
with the Masonic lodges in Spain.
Between 1872 and 1892, a national consciousness
was growing among the Filipino émigrés who had
settled in Europe. In the freer atmosphere of
Europe, these émigrés--liberals exiled in 1872 and
students attending European universities--formed
the Propaganda Movement. Organized for literary
and cultural purposes more than for political ends,
the Propagandists, who included upper-class
Filipinos from all the lowland Christian areas, strove
to 'awaken the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to
the needs of our country' and to create a closer,
more equal association of the islands and the
motherland.
It aims is to increase Spanish awareness of the
needs of its colony to propagate a closer
relationship between the colony and Spain.
Members (“propagandists” or “reformist”) were from
the middle class families representing the group of
Filipino Inteligencia.
The limited higher education in the colony was
entirely under clerical direction, but by the 1880s
many sons of wealthy Filipinos were sent to Europe
to study. There, nationalism and a passion for
reform blossomed in the liberal atmosphere.
Out of this talented group of overseas Filipino
students arose the so-called Propaganda
Movement. On Dec 13, 1888 they established in
Barcelona the La Solidaridad. This movement
called for the annexation of the Philippines, Filipino
representation in the Spanish legislature, freedom
of speech and the press, and Filipino equality
before the law.
It was not a radical agitation to overthrow Spanish
rule by a bloody revolution but instead it was a
peaceful campaign following these aims:
1. Equality of Filipinos and the Spaniards before
the law
2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular
province of Spain
3. Restoration of Philippine representation in the
Cortes, the law making body of Spain
4. Filipinization of Philippine parishes,
Secularization of the clergy
5. Guarantee basic freedoms of speech and
association; Individual liberties for the Filipinos,
such as freedom of speech, freedom of the
press, freedom to assembly and freedom of
petition for action on all complaints
6. Equal status and opportunities for both Filipinos
and Spaniards especially when entering to
government service
7. Creation of a public school system independent
of the friars
8. Abolishment of polo (labor service) and vandala
(forced sale of local products to the
government)
The reformists did not demand separation from
Spain for they believed that their people were not
yet ready for an independent life. The only reform
they demanded were those conducive to the
preservation of harmonious relation between their
country and Spain and the advancement of the
Filipino people.
The Propaganda Movement never asked for
Philippine independence because its members
believed that once Spain realizes the pitiful state of
the country, the Spaniards would implement the
changes the Filipinos were seeking.
The Propagandists
The Filipinos in Europe were much more active in
seeking reforms than those in Manila. They could
be divided into three groups: The first
included Filipinos who had been exiled to the
Marianas Islands in 1872 after being implicated in
the Cavite Mutiny. After two many years in the
Marianas, they proceeded to Madrid and Barcelona
because they could no longer return to the
Philippines. The second group consisted of
illustrados in the Philippines who had been sent to
Europe for their education. The third group was
composed of Filipinos who had fled their country to
avoid punishment for a crime, or simply because
they could not stand Spanish atrocities any longer.
Still, not all Filipinos living in Spain were members
of the Propaganda Movement. Jose Rizal,
Graciano Lopez Jaena and Marcelo H. delPilar
were it most prominent members.
Lopez Jaena was a brilliant orator; Fray Botod, &
Esperanza; La Hija del Fraile; which all criticized
the abuses of Spanish friars in the Philippines. Del
Pilar was an excellent writer and speaker who put
up the newspaper Diarion Tagalog in 1882. His
favorite topic was the friars. Some of his most
popular writings included CaiingatCayoDasalan at
Tocsohan; AngSampungKautusanngmgaPrayle;
CaingatCayo" was a pamphlet answering the
criticisms received by Jose Rizal’s novel Noli Me
Tangere; Dasalan was parody of the prayer books
used by the Church, while;
AngSampungKautusan…; was a satirical take on
the Ten Commandments, which highly ridiculed the
Spanish friars.
Jose Rizal was recognized as the great novelist of
the Propaganda Movement. He was the first
Filipino become famous for his written works. He
wrote a poem entitled “Sa Akingmga Kababata”
when he was only eight years old. His novels, Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, clearly depicted
the sufferings of the Filipinos and the rampant
abuses committed by the friars in the colony.
Because of his criticisms of the government and the
friars, Rizal made a lot of enemies. He was
executed at Bagumbayan (later renamed Luneta
Park and now called Rizal Park) on December 30,
1896.
José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
The most outstanding Propagandist was José
Rizal, a physician, scholar, scientist, and writer.
Born in 1861 into a prosperous Chinese mestizo
family in Laguna Province, he displayed great
intelligence at an early age. After several years of
medical study at the University of Santo Tomás, he
went to Spain in 1882 to finish his studies at the
University of Madrid. During the decade that
followed, Rizal’s career spanned two worlds:
Among small communities of Filipino students in
Madrid and other European cities, he became a
leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider
world of European science and scholarship--
particularly in Germany--he formed close
relationships with prominent natural and social
scientists. The new discipline of anthropology was
of special interest to him; he was committed to
refuting the friars’ stereotypes of Filipino racial
inferiority with scientific arguments. His greatest
impact on the development of a Filipino national
consciousness, however, was his publication of two
novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886
and El Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891.
Rizal drew on his personal experiences and
depicted the conditions of Spanish rule in the
islands, particularly the abuses of the friars.
Although the friars had Rizal’s books banned, they
were smuggled into the Philippines and rapidly
gained a wide readership.
Other important Propagandists included Graciano
Lopez Jaena, a noted orator and pamphleteer who
had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after the
publication of his satirical short novel, Fray Botod
(Brother Fatso), an unflattering portrait of a
provincial friar. In 1889 he established a biweekly
newspaper in Barcelona, La Solidaridad
(Solidarity), which became the principal organ of
the Propaganda Movement, having audiences both
in Spain and in the islands. Its contributors included
Rizal; Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian
geographer and ethnologist whom Rizal had met in
Germany; and Marcelo delPilar, a reformminded
lawyer. Del Pilar was active in the antifriar
movement in the islands until obliged to flee to
Spain in 1888, where he became editor of La
Solidaridad and assumed leadership of the Filipino
community in Spain.
In 1887 Rizal returned briefly to the islands, but
because of the furor surrounding the appearance of
Noli Me Tangere the previous year, he was advised
by the governor to leave. He returned to Europe by
way of Japan and North America to complete his
second novel and an edition of Antonio de Morga’s
seventeenth-century work, Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (History of the Philippine Islands). The
latter project stemmed from an ethnological interest
in the cultural connections between the peoples of
the pre-Spanish Philippines and those of the larger
Malay region (including modern Malaysia and
Indonesia) and the closely related political objective
of encouraging national pride. De Morga provided
positive information about the islands’ early
inhabitants, and reliable accounts of pre-Christian
religion and social customs.
After a stay in Europe and Hong Kong, Rizal
returned to the Philippines in June 1892, partly
because the Dominicans had evicted his father and
sisters from the land they leased from the friars’
estate at Calamba, in Laguna Province. He also
was convinced that the struggle for reform could no
longer be conducted effectively from overseas. In
July he established the Liga Filipina (Philippine
League), designed to be a truly national, nonviolent
organization. It was dissolved, however, following
his arrest and exile to the remote town of Dapitan in
northwestern Mindanao.
The Propaganda Movement languished after
Rizal’s arrest and the collapse of the Liga Filipina.
La Solidaridad went out of business in November
1895, and in 1896 both delPilar and Lopez Jaena
died in Barcelona, worn down by poverty and
disappointment. An attempt was made to
reestablish the Liga Filipina, but the national
movement had become split between ilustrado
advocates of reform and peaceful evolution (the
compromisarios, or compromisers) and a plebeian
constituency that wanted revolution and national
independence. Because the Spanish refused to
allow genuine reform, the initiative quickly passed
from the former group to the latter.
The writings produced by the Propaganda
Movement inspired Andres Bonifacio and other
radicals to establish the Katipunan and set the
Philippine Revolution in place.
Major Propagandists
1. Graciano Lopez Jaena
 A native of Jaro, Iloilo.
 Famous for his satirical work entitled “Fray
Botod”
 Founded “La Solidaridad” in 1889
2. Marcelo del Pilar
 A fierce lawyer and writer from Malolos,
Bulacan
 Identified by Spanish authorities in Madrid
as “the most dangerous Indio”
 Founded the “Diariong Tagalog” in 1882,
the first Filipino newspaper written in the
vernacular.
 Used the pennames “Plaridel”, “Dolores
Manapa”, “Piping Dilat”
 Famous works include:
- La SoberaniaMonacal en Filipinas
(Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines)
- La Frailocracia Filipina (The Friars in the
Philippines)
- Caiingat Kayo
- Dasalan at Tocsohan (parody of the
Lord’s prayer)
- KadakilaanngDiyos
- SagotngEspanyasaHibikngPilipinas
 - Ten Commandments of the Friars  Aims:
3. Jose Rizal
1. To work for political and social reforms
 Known for his novels Noli Me Tangere and
peacefully
El Filibusterismo
2. To present the sad conditions in the
 Founded La Liga Filipina after the failure of
Philippines so that Spain can remedy them
the Propaganda Movement
3. To oppose the evil influences of reaction
  and outmoded beliefs and practices
4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress
Other Propagandists/Propaganda Literature 5. To champion the just aspirations of the
 Ninay – Pedro Paterno Filipinos to life, democracy and happiness
 Sampaguitas – Pedro Paterno
 El Progreso de Filipinas – Gregorio
Sanciangco Pen Names of the Members
 Impresiones – Antonio Luna (1) Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel
 La Universidad de Pilipinas: Plano de (2) Jose Rizal- LaongLaan and Dimasalang
Estudios – Jose Maria Panganiban (3) Mariano Ponce- Naning, Tikbalang or
 Celebres Filipinos – Mariano Ponce Kalipulako
 Historia de Ilocos – Isabelodelos Reyes (4) Antonio Luna- Taga-ilog
 El Folklore Filipino – Isabelodelos Reyes (5) Jose Ma. Panganiban- Jomapa
 Masonry (6) Dominador Gomez- Ramiro Franco
 One of the oldest fraternities in Europe
 
 Became a popular organization for
Filipino liberals and democrats Rizal, Del Pilar and Ponce
 Revolucion – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge
in Barcelona founded by Lopez Jaena
 Solidaridad – Founded by M. del Pilar in
Madrid
 Nilad – 1st Masonic Lodge in the
Philippines founded by Pedro Serrano
Laktaw.
 
La Solidaridad
In order to help achieve its goals, the Propaganda
Movement put up its own newspaper, called La
Solidaridad. The Soli, as the reformists fondly
called their official organ, came out once every two
weeks. The first issue saw print was published on
November 15, 1895. The Solidaridad’s first editor
was Graciano Lopez Jaena. Marcelo H. delPilar
took over in October 1889. Del Pilar managed the
Soli until it stopped publication due to lack of funds.
 
Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano
Ponce comprised the main staff of La Solidaridad,
official organ of the Philippine propaganda
movement in Spain; they were called the “Glorious
Trinity of the Propaganda Movement”.
Magazines, poetry, and pamphleteering flourished.
The president of La Solidaridad was Rizal’s cousin,
GalicanoApacible. Among the other officers were
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, vice-president, and
Mariano Ponce, treasurer. Rizal, in London at the
time, was named Honorary President.
Unfortunately, Apacible could not hold the
wrangling reformists together. It took the prestige of
Rizal and the political wisdom of delPilar to unite
the Filipinos in Spain and to coordinate their efforts.
Jose Rizal was this movement’s most brilliant figure
and his writings had a wide impact in the
Philippines. Marcelo H. Del Pilar joined the Masonic
Order in Spain in 1889, one of the first Filipinos
initiated into the mysteries of Masonry in Europe.
He co-founded Logia Revoluccion in Barcelona and
revived Logia Solidaridad 53 when it floundered
into stormy seas where he became its Worshipful
Master and with Jose Rizal as Orator.
He was crowned 33° by the Gran OrienteEspanol.
He spearheaded the secret organization of Masonic
lodges in the Philippines as a means of
strengthening the propaganda movement. Mariano
Ponce also became a mason in Spain and became
Secretary of Logia Revoluccion and Logia
Solidaridad 53. He attained the rank of 33° mason
under the auspices of the Gran Oriente Español.
La Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
-Established in January 12, 1889
-A civic society in Madrid of the propagandists and
their Spanish friends
-Miguel Morayta was the first president
Problems of the Propagandist
1. Differences of opinion and personal problems
2. Their inadequate financial resources
3. The patience of the people back home was
rapidly waning
4. The publication of La Sol ceased to exist
5. Personal and health problems of reformists
6. Homesickness
Rizal attempts to carry on the propaganda in
the Philippines. Rizal came home with the hope
working for reforms on the Philippine soil.
La Liga Filipina
In 1892, Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and
proposed the establishment of a civic organization
called “La Liga Filipina” with the motto Unus instar
Omnium (One like All). On July 3, 1892, the
following were elected as its officers: Ambrosio
Salvador, president: Agustin dela Rosa, fiscal;
BonifacioArevalo, treasurer; and Deodato Arellano,
secretary, Rizal functioned as its adviser.
La Liga Filipina had no intention of rising up in arms
against the government; but the Spanish officials
still felt threatened. On July 6, 1892 only three days
after La Liga Filipina’s establishment, Jose Rizal
was secretly arrested. The next day, Governor
General EulogioDespujol ordered Rizal’s
deportation to Dapitan, a small, secluded town in
Zamboanga. La Liga Filipina's membership was
active in the beginning; but later, they began to drift
apart. The rich members wanted to continue
supporting the Propaganda Movement; but the
others seemed to have lost all hope that those
reforms could still be granted. Andres Bonifacio
was one of those who believed that the only way to
achieve meaningful change was through a bloody
revolution.
The constitution was written in Hong Kong with the
help of Jose Ma. Basa.The Constitution states:
1. Union of the Philippine Archipelago into a
compact, strong and homogeneous body.
2. Mutual protection of the members
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture
and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
Objectives:
1. Unification of the archipelago into a one
compact, vigorous and homogenous body;
2. Mutual protection in every want and need;
3. Defense against all forms of violence and
injustices;
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture
and commerce;
5. The study of application of reforms
Significance of the Movement
 Succeeded in influencing profound political
developments
 Politicized a great number of Filipinos
 Establishment of a group that yearned for
reforms, the Katipunan
The Arrest of Jose Rizal
The La Liga Filipina almost died when Rizal was
arrested three days after its founding. On July 7,
1892 the order of his deportation to Dapitan was
published in the newspaper. Rizal’s attempt to carry
on the reform movement in the Philippines failed.

July 7, 1892: Gen. EulogioDespujol ordered Rizal’s

arrest and imprisonment at Fort Santiago
July 15: He was put into exile in Dapitan
This marked the fall of the La Liga Filipina
Some members, led by ApolinarioMabini, tried to
revive the league but the failed because many
members, including Andres Bonifacio, believed that
it was useless to expect reforms from the corrupt
Spaniards.
Learning Task 2.1: Comics on The Propaganda
1. COMICS MAKING: pick a particular scene
in the Propaganda Movement that will
highlight the true meaning of what is
Propaganda. Students are bound to post a
digital picture of what they have made in the
form of Comics. (30 points)
Learning Task 2.2: Comment and React
1. Students are bound to react on the
statement below with regard to the topic
"Propaganda Movement" and discuss your
answer with 5 sentences minimum and not
more than ten sentences. (20 points)
The Statement: Propaganda Movement causes
more trouble to the Filipino People