SAFITIES OF MACHINERIES

1. MAIN SWITCH BOARD (MSB) SAFETIES:

Electrical safeties:

I. Dead front type switchboard,

II. Fuses, Relays, Circuit breakers, Earth fault indicators, Under voltage relay,
III. Reverse power trip, Preferential trip, Over current trip, Short circuit trip, Arc chute,
IV. Ebonite Rod ( to remove static charge).

General safeties:

V. Insulated hand gloves, dry boiler suits, shoes without metallic part,
VI. Rubber pad in front of switchboard, 0.6m gap behind switchboard,
VII. Panel doors to be earthed, interlocked handles for opening doors.
VIII. No water, oil, or steam pipeline in its vicinity.
IX. Insulation resistance meters/Earth fault indicators must be provided
X. Appropriate fire extinguisher should be positioned nearby

2. OVERHEAD CRANE SAFETIES:

I. The most important safety feature of the crane is the electromagnetic fail safe brakes which do not allow
the crane to fall with the load even when there is failure of power. For this: Normally centrifugal brakes are
used which are fitted inside the rotating drum. The brake pads are always in applied state and pushed by
magnetic springs when not in operation or when there is a power failure. As the crane is operated or the
power is supplied, the spring gets pulled inward or compressed due to the electromagnetic effect of the
current. This allows the crane to be operated normally.
II. Emergency stop is provided in the remote so that the operator can stop the crane at any time.
III. The motor is fitted with distance limit switch in both transverse and longitudinal direction
IV. Mechanical stoppers are provided for both directions in case the electrical distance limit trips fail.
V. The up and down travel of the hook is also attached with automatic stopper to avoid overloading of the
motor.
VI. The motor is fitted with thermal protection trip. When the motor windings get overheated, trip will activate
saving the motor winding from burning.
VII. Guards over pulley
VIII. Load limit switch is also fitted which will trip the motor if the load to be lifted is above the crane capacity.
IX. It’s the responsibility of senior officers to operate the crane and to make sure all the personnel involve in any
lifting operation are at a safe distance during
X. operation of the crane.
XI. Additional tools like i-bolts, shackle, wire sling, belts etc. used for lifting must be checked before use.
XII. It should be noted that no one walks or stand below the crane when it is in the loaded condition.

3. MOTOR SAFETIES

I. Motor protection and safeties:

II. Overcurrent and single phasing protection relays
III. Under voltage relay
IV. Short circuit relay (Trigger fuses for HV systems)
V. Temperature sensor for motor insulation
4. SAFETY DEVICE ON LIFEBOAT

I. Mechanical brake (to prevent accident falling)

II. Centrifugal brake (to control life boat falling speed between 20 to 40 m/min)
III. Limit switch (to prevent over tightening of rope) (it is fitted arm of davit just
IV. before in limit)
V. Harbour safety pin (for davit)

5. STEERING GEAR SAFETIES

Devices

I. Hunting gear
II. Buffer spring
III. Angle adjusting stop (Hand over position limit switch)
IV. Double shock valve
V. Relief valve
VI. Tank level alarm (oil) yup
VII. Over load alarm

Hydraulic safeties:

VIII. Level switch, low level, low low level alarm for hydraulic oil tank.
IX. Relief valve.
X. Manual bypass valve.
XI. Low pressure valve.
XII. High lub oil temp. Cut out.
XIII. Low level cut out

Electrical safeties:

XIV. Electrical and mechanical stopper for rudder.

XV. Electrical motor overload alarm.
XVI. Power failure alarm.
XVII. High temp. Alarm.
XVIII. Self starting after power failure.
XIX. Short-circuit trip.
XX. Phase failure alarm.
XXI. 200% insulation in motor

6. WINDLASS SAFETY

I. Cable stopper (chain stopper, bow stopper)

II. Overload trip
III. Overspeed trip
IV. Hand brake
V. Slipping clutch for overload prevents any undesirable damage such hull damage due to anchor and rope
broke out.

7. BATTERY ROOM SAFETIES

Safety is provided by

I. Proper ventilation
II. Prevention of heat source for ignition
III. Independent exhaust fan provided
IV. Inlet duct should be below battery level, and outlet at top of the compartment
V. Prevention of heat source for ignition
VI. No naked light and no smoking
VII. Uses of externally fitted light or flameproof light
VIII. Cables of adequate size and they are well connected
IX. Never placed Emergency Switchboard in this room
X. Use insulated spanner and plastic jug for distilled water, to prevent short circuit
XI. Protective clothings, gloves and eye protection should be used to prevent acid splash over.
XII. Room temperature, maintained at 15 ~ 25°C
XIII. Never short both positive and negative terminals as this will cause short circuit & high energy flashover.
When disconnecting always disconnect the negative terminal first and vice versa when reconnecting.

8. GENERATOR SAFETIES

I. Over speed trip

II. L.O low pressure trip & alarm
III. Low level sump trip
IV. F.O low pressure alarm
V. Jacket water high temperature alarm
VI. Thermometer
VII. Pressure gauge
VIII. L.O high temperature alarm
IX. Dip stick
X. Crankcase relief valve

9. ALTERNATOR SAFETIES

I. Overcurrent Inverse Time relay OCIT - settings I~ 0.7 - 2 times rated gen current, time 1 - 10 sec
II. Overcurrent Instantaneous trip- I ~ 2 - 10 times rated gen current, time 0.1 - 1 seconds
III. NPS Negative phase sequence relay - It measures or it determines the amount of imbalance of stator
currents which is an indirect measure of generator stator and rotor temperatures. A relatively small degree
of imbalance of stator current produce a large temp variations. (settings I ~ 0.2 x rated gen current)
IV. Differential current of phases- Difference in current in phases maybe due to fault in windings such as short
circuit fault. (settings I ~ 0.1 x rated gen current)
V. Earth leakage relay/ Zero phase sequence relay - It is used to measure the earth fault current returning back
through the earthed neutral connection
VI. UV/OV - UV settings - 0.8 x rated gen voltage
OV settings - 1.2 x rated gen voltage
VII. OF/UF - OF settings 62Hz
UF settings 58 Hz
VIII. Reverse Power relay

10. SCAVENGE SPACE PROTECTION DEVICES

I. Electrical temperature sensing device fitted within the trunking, which

II. will automatically sound an alarm the event of an excessive rise in local
III. temperature (above 200°C)
IV. Pressure relief valves consisting of self-closing spring loaded valves are
V. fitted and should be examined and tested periodically.
VI. Fixed fire extinguishing system may be CO2, Dry Powder or Steam.

11. CRANKCASE SAFETY DEVICES

I. Breather pipe with flame trap

II. Crankcase exhaust fan
III. Oil mist detector
IV. Crankcase relief doors
V. Bearing temperature sensor
VI. L.O return temperature sensor

12. PURIFIER

I. Low pressure switch in the outlet of clean oil to protect the oil going out with water
II. Emergency brake to help the purifier to pass the critical speed as soon as possible
III. High pressure switch to avoid water to come with clean oil in the clean oil outlet
IV. Water transducer to avoid water to come with clean oil in clean oil outlet
V. High temperature alarm and shutdown
VI. Low seal water pressure

13. BOILER ALARM AND TRIPS

The most important alarm and trip functions on marine boilers

Function Audible and visual Action

I. Low water level Alarm
II. Low Low water level * Alarm & Trip Burner stop
III. High water level Alarm
IV. High High water level Alarm
V. Feedwater pump stop
VI. Low steam pressure Alarm
VII. High steam pressure Alarm Burner stop
VIII.Low feedwater pressure Alarm Stand-by pump start
IX. Low fuel oil pressure Alarm & Trip Stand-by pump start
X. Low fuel oil temperature Alarm & Trip
XI. High fuel oil temperature Alarm & Trip
XII. Force draught fan Alarm & Trip Burner stop
XIII.Low atomizing steam
XIV. Pressure Alarm Burner stop
XV. Flame failure ** Alarm Burner stop
(overridden during light-up)
XVI. Burner not in firing position Alarm Burner stop

Boiler safety devices

XVII. Safety valve

XVIII. Low / high water level alarm
XIX. Too low water level alarm and shut down
XX. Water level indicators
XXI. Pressure gauge
XXII. Low fuel oil pressure alarm
XXIII. Low / high fuel oil temperature alarm
XXIV. Flame failure alarm
XXV. Smoke density alarm
XXVI. Easy gear arrangement
XXVII. Air vent
XXVIII. Force draught fan stop alarm
XXIX. Low / high steam pressure alarm

14. AIR COMPRESSOR SAFETIES

I. Relief valve: Fitted after every stage to release excess pressure developed inside it. The settings of the lifting
pressure increases after every ascending stage. Normally fitted between 1st stage and intercooler and 2nd
stage – aftercooler.
II. Bursting disc: A bursting disc is a copper disc provided at the air cooler of the compressor. It is a safety disc
which bursts when the pressure exceeds over the pre-determined value due to leaky air tubes of the cooler
(intercooler or aftercooler).
III. Fusible plug: Generally located on the discharge side of the compressor, it fuses if the air temperature is
higher than the operational temperature. The fusible plug is made up of material which melts at high
temperature.
IV. Lube Oil low pressure alarm and trip: If the lube oil pressure goes lower than the normal, the alarm is
sounded followed by a cut out trip signal to avoid damage to bearings and crank shaft.
V. Water high temperature trip: If the intercoolers are choked or the flow of water is less, then the air
compressor will get over heated. To avoid this situation high water temperature trip is activated which cut
offs the compressor.
VI. Water no-flow trip: If the attached pump is not working or the flow of water inside the intercooler is not
enough to cool the compressor then moving part inside the compressor will get seized due to overheating. A
no flow trip is provided which continuously monitor the flow of water and trips the compressor when there
is none.
VII. Motor Overload trip: If the current taken by motor during running or starting is very high then there is a
possibility of damage to the motor. An overload trip is thus fitted to avoid such situation.
VIII. Automatic Moisture Drain Valve (Unloader) this reduced the starting torque for the machine and clear out
any accumulated moisture and oil in the system

15. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

I. L. P cut-out on compressor suction side: Set at a pressure corresponding to 5°C below the lowest expected
evaporating gauge reading
II. H.P cut-out on compressor discharge side:Set at a pressure corresponding to 5°C above the highest expected
evaporating gauge reading
III. Lube oil low pressure cut-out: Oil pressure usually set at 2 bar above crankcase pressure
IV. Cooling water L .P cut-out in condenser side
V. Safety spring loaded liquid shock valve on compressor cylinder head
VI. Bursting disc on cylinder head, between inlet and discharge manifold
VII. Bursting disc on Condenser, [if fitted]
VIII. Relief valve on Condenser; air purging valve on condenser
IX. Master solenoid valve: to prevent liquid being entered into Compressor, when the plant is standstill,
especially in Large Plant

16. STARTING AIR LINE SAFETIES

I. Spring loaded safety valve or bursting cap.(if bursting cap fitted, no need
II. relief valve)
III. Flame trap.(At Joint where manifold to each cylinder startingline)
IV. Starting air line drain valve (Inlet of automatic valve)
V. Turning gear interlock

17. OILY WATER SEPARATOR

I. Pressure relief valve on discharge pipe

II. O.D.M system with high ppm alarm and automatic pump stopping device.
III. Test cock (level), drain valve

18. INCINERATOR SAFETIES

The safety devices shut down the unit and give out alarms:
I. When the pilot and main burner fail to operate
II. When the flue gas temperature reaches above 400’C
III. When the cooling fan fails to operate
IV. Emergency fuel shutdown valve
V. Micro switch, fitted to hinged furnace door (Interlock)