2 COMPUTER ARITHMETIC

27
2.1 Rounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 Machine Precision: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3 Propagation of Round-o Error in Arithmetic Operations . . . 39
2.4 Some Types of Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4.1
Rounding Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4.2
Truncation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 COMMENTS ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
43
3.1 Code Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2 The Big Picture on Numerical Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.1
Reporting Errors: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4 SENSITIVITY AND CONDITIONING
50
4.0.1
Summary: Stability Consistency and Accuracy . . . . . 52
4.1 Backward Error Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5 SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
62
5.1 Bisection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.1.1
The Basic Bisection Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.2 Regula-Falsi Method (False-Position Method) . . . . . . . . . 68
5.3 Newton Raphson Method (NR Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.4 Ste ensen Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.5 The Secant Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77